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English Grammar Cheat Sheet

This document is a comprehensive grammar cheat sheet covering essential English grammar topics, including parts of speech, sentence structure, verb tenses, modal verbs, articles, prepositions, subject-verb agreement, conditionals, direct vs. indirect speech, and common grammar mistakes. Each section provides definitions, examples, and rules to help understand and apply English grammar correctly. It serves as a quick reference guide for learners of the language.

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40 views4 pages

English Grammar Cheat Sheet

This document is a comprehensive grammar cheat sheet covering essential English grammar topics, including parts of speech, sentence structure, verb tenses, modal verbs, articles, prepositions, subject-verb agreement, conditionals, direct vs. indirect speech, and common grammar mistakes. Each section provides definitions, examples, and rules to help understand and apply English grammar correctly. It serves as a quick reference guide for learners of the language.

Uploaded by

Teguh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here’s a comprehensive grammar cheat sheet covering all essential English

grammar topics.

1️⃣ Parts of Speech


Part of Speech Function Examples

Noun Names a person, place, thing, or idea dog, London, happiness

Pronoun Replaces a noun he, she, it, they

Verb Shows action or state of being run, is, have

Adjective Describes a noun big, beautiful, happy

Adverb Describes a verb, adjective, or adverb quickly, very, well

Preposition Shows relationship between nouns in, on, at, between

Conjunction Connects words, phrases, or clauses and, but, because

Interjection Expresses strong emotion Wow! Ouch! Oh no!

2️⃣ Sentence Structure


Basic Sentence Structure

●​ Subject + Verb + Object → She (S) eats (V) an apple (O).


●​ Subject + Linking Verb + Complement → He (S) is (V) happy (C).

Types of Sentences

Type Example

Declarative (Statement) I love learning English.

Interrogative (Question) Do you like grammar?

Imperative (Command) Please sit down.

Exclamatory (Strong What a beautiful day!


Emotion)
3️⃣ Verb Tenses
Tense Example

Present Simple She writes every day.

Present Continuous She is writing now.

Present Perfect She has written three books.

Past Simple She wrote yesterday.

Past Continuous She was writing when I called.

Past Perfect She had written before I arrived.

Future Simple She will write tomorrow.

Future Continuous She will be writing at 5 PM.

Future Perfect She will have written by next year.

4️⃣ Modal Verbs (Helping Verbs)


Modal Verb Usage Example

Can Ability, permission I can swim.

Could Past ability, polite Could you help me?


request

May Permission, possibility May I leave early?

Might Possibility It might rain.

Shall Future (formal), Shall we go?


suggestion

Should Advice, expectation You should study.

Will Future He will call you.

Would Hypothetical, polite I would love a coffee.


request

Must Obligation, necessity You must wear a seatbelt.


5️⃣ Articles (a, an, the)
Type Rule Example

Indefinite Articles (a, Used before general or unknown A book, an apple


an) nouns

Definite Article (the) Used before specific nouns The sun, the
teacher

6️⃣ Common Prepositions


Type Examples

Time at, on, in, before, after

Place in, on, at, between, under

Direction to, into, onto, from

Cause & because of, due to, thanks to


Reason

7️⃣ Subject-Verb Agreement


●​ Singular subjects take singular verbs: He runs fast.
●​ Plural subjects take plural verbs: They run every morning.
●​ "Everyone" and "nobody" are singular: Everyone is here.

8️⃣ Conditionals (If Clauses)


Type Example

Zero Conditional (Facts) If you heat water, it boils.

First Conditional (Possible Future) If it rains, I will stay home.

Second Conditional (Unreal If I were you, I would travel.


Present/Future)

Third Conditional (Unreal Past) If I had studied, I would have passed.


9️⃣ Direct vs. Indirect Speech
Direct Speech Indirect Speech

She said, "I love English." She said that she loved English.

He asked, "Where do you He asked where I lived.


live?"

🔟 Common Grammar Mistakes


✅ Incorrect: He don’t like pizza.​
✅ Correct: He doesn’t like pizza.
✅ Incorrect: She is more taller than him.​
✅ Correct: She is taller than him.
✅ Incorrect: I have went to the store.​
✅ Correct: I have gone to the store.

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