3.

Types of Estimates 3 hrs

3.1 Approximate Estimate / Rough estimate/ Preliminary estimate:- As from its name, it is an estimate to find out the approximate cost of work in a short period
of time .It is prepared for deciding the financial aspects and policy, giving an idea of the cost of the proposal after taking into consideration the requirement of the
department concern.
It is used to estimate the approximate cost of works as:
School buildings- per class room Irrigation -per hectares of command areas
Cinema halls- per seat Water supply -per head population
Hospital-per bed Road -per km
Bridge -per meter of span
The approximate estimate is further divided into: -
1. Plinth-area estimate
2. Cube rate estimate
3. Approximate quantity estimate.
1. Plinth area estimate: -In plinth area estimate the total cost of the building is calculated by multiplying the plinth area with the plinth area rate. The rate is taken
from the rate resently constructed similar type of construction on that locality having more or less the same finishing and amenities.
2. Cube rate estimate: - In cube rate estimate the cubic content of the construction is worked out and same is multiplied by the rate per cu.m to calculate the cost.
The cubic content = plinth area ×height of the building.
The building should have similar finishing and amenities as that of building taken as reference of that locality.

3. Approximate quantity estimate: - In this estimate total length of wall is found out in running meter and this total length multiplied by rate per running meter of
wall gives the fairly accurate cost. For this structure is divided into two parts:-
a) Foundation including plinth b) Superstructure
The running meter cost for foundation and superstructure should be calculated first and these running meter rate should be multiplied by the total length of wall. To
find the running meter rate for superstructure the approximate quantities of brick work, wood work, roof, floor finishing, etc. are determined and for foundation
earth work in excavation ,B/W up to plinth, D.P.C, are calculated and multiplied by each item rate and running meter rate is found out. For this plan of the structure
is required.
Preliminary estimate is accompanied by

a) A brief report.
b) Brief specification.
c) Site plan / lay out plan showing the proposal in hand.
d) Line plan showing north line on it.
e) Brief idea of rates for different items.
For plinth rate, cube rate or approximate estimate the following things are accompanied
a. Report.
b. Line plan of the building.
c. Brief specification.
d. Line plan of the building for which the plinth / cube rate is considered.
3.2. Detailed Estimate: Item rate estimate
It is the accurate estimate and consists of working out the quantities of each item of work and working out their cost. The dimensions are taken from the detailed
drawing i.e. (length, breadth and height) of each item to calculate quantities and billings of these item are done later to know their cost. The quantities are shown in
measurement form. The total cost is worked out in the abstract of cost form. The rates are calculated by analysis of rates method.
Detailed estimate is prepared for technical sanction of the competent authority for arranging contract and for the execution of the work. It is accompanied by
a. Detailed report
b. Detailed specification for the execution of different items
c. Detailed drawings (plan, cross sections, elevations, site plan, location plan etc.
d. Calculations and design of various items such as beams, columns, slabs , irrigation channels etc.
e. Schedule of rates followed and premium if any
f. analysis of rates for non scheduled items
3.3 Revised Estimate:

It is also the detailed estimate which is prepared a new fresh one if the original sanctioned detail estimate exceeds by 5 % or more due to any causes. It is also
prepared if the original cost of each item is exceeded by 10 % due to rise of rates/ any causes.
It is accompanied by all the papers as in case of detailed estimate and also should include comparative statement showing the variations in each item of works, its
quantity, rate and cost i.e. original and revised, excess or saving and giving the reasons of excess or saving case of each item.

3.4 Supplementary estimate: -

This is the detailed estimate which is prepared when additional work is required to be done in addition to the original work or further development is required during
the progress of the work. It is also provided with the papers as that of detailed estimate.
3.5Annual maintenance and repair estimate: -
To keep the structure in the fit and working condition repair and maintenance works shall be carried out and for such works, annually estimate is prepared called
annual maintenance and repair estimate. For buildings it includes white washing, paintings, colour washing, replacement of glass panes, patch works for the cement
plasters etc. the estimated amount should not be more than 1.5 % of the capital cost of the work.
3.6 Extension and improvement estimate :-
It is also the detailed estimate which is prepared for the extension and improvement of the old work. In one hand, additional extension works of the old structure is
done for achieving necessary accommodation. Similarly in other hand, improvement and retrofitting of such structures is done which ultimately helps them for
further strengthening. i.e when some changes and extensions are required to be done in the old work, the cost of which can not be met by the budget of annual repair
and improvement estimate, a detailed estimate of additional work is prepared called extension and improvement estimate. It is accompanied by
a. Report explaining the necessity of the additional works
b. Existing drawings, plans etc.
c. Drawings of the additional / changed works
d. Calculation sheet as per design or otherwise
e. Rates followed for preparing the abstract of cost.
3.7 Complete Estimate:-
The complete estimate is prepared after the competition of the project to know the actual cost of the project. The complete estimate for the project should include all
the expenditures from the very beginning to the end of its completion.
It includes the following expenditures: -
a) Cost of preliminary works (observations, surveying and other preliminary works).
b) The cost of land including acquisition and legal expenses.
c) Improvement cost of land by leveling, dressing, filling etc.
d) Cost of planning, designing, preparation of estimate, specification and tender documents etc.
e) Cost of building of structures including internal electrification, water supply, sanitary etc.
f) Cost of the supervision charge during execution works.
g) Cost of external services such as: roads, electric service lines, side drains, sewer lines, water supply lines etc.
h) Cost of maintenance and repair works etc.
i) Cost of inauguration and handover of the project etc.

3.8 Split up of cost of building , water supply and sanitary works.

S.N Description Percentage
1 Cost of labors 35 to 40%
2 Cost of materials 60 to 65%
3 Cost of foundation and plinth 18 to 20%
4 Cost of superstructure 80 to 90%
5 Cost of second story 85 to 90% of the ground floor

6 E/W in excavation and filling ½ to 1%

7 Concrete in foundations 5 to 6%
Contd…
S.N DESCRIPTION PERCENT

8 DPC Damp proof course 1 to 1.5%

9 Brick work 30 to 35%

10 Flooring 6 to 8%

11 Roofing 20 to 25%

12 Door and window 16 to 20%

13 Plastering and pointing 10 to 12%

14 White washing , colour washing, 2 to 5%

painting etc
15 Miscellaneous 6%

16 Sanitary and W/S 8 to 10%

17 Electric installations 8 to 10%

18 Cost of bricks 22 to 25%

18 Cost of cement 12 to 15%

20 Cost of steel bars 10 to 12%

21 Cost of timber 10 to 12%

Problem No. 1.

Prepare the preliminary estimate of the three storied office building having carpet area of 250 sq.m for each floor with the following data provided. 35% of the built up
portion will be covered by corridors, stair hall , toilets etc and 10% will be taken by walls. Plinth area rate is Rs. 8000 / sq. m . Extra for architectural treatment as 4%
of building cost, water supply and sanitary as 8%, electrification installations of 10%, for other services as 5% of the building cost. Contingencies of 3 % and
supervision of 5%.
Solution :
The preliminary estimate of the given project can be worked out by plinth area method.
a) Calculation of plinth area of the building
Let ‘X’ be the plinth area of each floor
We know, plinth area = wall area + carpet area + circulation area
X = 0.10 X + 250 + 0.35 X
X = 250/0.55 = 454.55sq.m
⸫ Total plinth area of 3 storied building = 3 x 454.55 = 1363.65 sq.m
b) Calculation of cost of the building with provisions
i) Cost of the building = Total Plinth Area x Plinth rate = 1363.65 sq.m x Rs. 8000/sq.m = Rs. 1,09,09,200.00
ii) Provisions made for
a) Architectural treatments @ 4% of building cost = 0.04 x 1,09,09,200.00 = Rs. 4,36,368.00
b) Water supply and sanitary @ 8% of building cost = 0.08 x 1,09,09,200.00 = Rs. 8,72,736.00
c) Electrification installations @ 10% of building cost = 0.10 x 1,09,09,200.00 = Rs. 10,90,920.00
d) Extra for other services @ 5% of building cost = 0.05 x 1,09,09,200.00 = Rs. 5,45,460.00
iii) Total cost : i) + ii) = Rs. 1,38,54,684.00
iv) Other provisions for contingencies and supervisions @ (3 + 5 = 8%) of total cost = 0.08 x 1,38,54,684 = Rs. 11,08,374.72
⸫ Total preliminary Estimated cost = iii) + iv) = Rs. 14963058.72
Problem No.2 :

Prepare the preliminary estimate of the 5 storied public building with total carpet area of 2500 sq.m and the height of each floor is 3.5m. The total area required for both
walls and circulation purpose may be taken as 40% of the plinth area. At the top floor of the building parapet wall of 0.90m height is provided. Necessary provisions
for W/S, sanitary as well as electrification may be taken as 17% of civil work. The cube rate for this building is Rs. 2300.

Solution: The preliminary estimate for this public building can be done by cube rate method.
a) Calculation of plinth area b) Calculation cubic content of the building
Let X be the plinth area of building Height of 5 story = 5 x 3.5 = 17.5m
Plinth area = wall area + carpet area + circulation area Height of parapet is considered as 1/3 of its height to calculate cubic content = 1/3 x 0.90 = 0.30m
X = 0.40 X + 2500 Total height = 17.5 + 0.30 = 17.80m
⸫ X = 6250 sq.m ⸫Cubic content of building = plinth area x total height = 6250 x 17.8 = 1,11,250 cu.m

2) Calculation of cost of building

a) Cost of building = cubic content x cube rate = 1,11,250 cum x Rs. 2300 /cu.m = Rs. 25,58,75,000.00
b) Provisions for w/s , sanitary and electrifications etc @ 17% of building cost = 0.17 x Rs. 25,58,75,000.00 = Rs. 4,34,98,750.00
Total: a) + b) = Rs. 29,93,73,750.00
c) Assuming Other provisions for work charged establishment, contingencies, departmental charge etc @ (1.5 + 5+10) = 16.5% of total cost :
0.165 x 29,93,73,750.00 = Rs. 4,93,96,668.75
⸫ Preliminary estimated cost for the given building = Total + c) = Rs.34,87,70,418.75