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Professeurs: Rachid Fitas Et Ahmed Zouaoui S1, LMD, ST

The document outlines the field of chemical engineering, focusing on its definition, objectives, and various industrial applications. It details several processes such as distillation, rectification, liquid-liquid extraction, and crystallization, which are essential for transforming matter in industries like petrochemistry and pharmaceuticals. The goal of process engineering courses is to prepare engineers to design and manage these processes effectively.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
4 views2 pages

Professeurs: Rachid Fitas Et Ahmed Zouaoui S1, LMD, ST

The document outlines the field of chemical engineering, focusing on its definition, objectives, and various industrial applications. It details several processes such as distillation, rectification, liquid-liquid extraction, and crystallization, which are essential for transforming matter in industries like petrochemistry and pharmaceuticals. The goal of process engineering courses is to prepare engineers to design and manage these processes effectively.

Uploaded by

achrafchaibi36
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Careers in Science and Technology 2

Professeurs : Rachid FITAS et Ahmed ZOUAOUI S1, LMD, ST

INTRODUCTION
- Agro-food and bio-industries;
I) Definition:
- Various industries: metallurgy, textiles, rubber, glass,
Chemical engineering, or process engineering, refers to paper.
the application of chemistry on an industrial scale (agro-
food, biotechnology). Its goal is the transformation of IV) Some Processes:
matter in an industrial setting and involves the design
(methods used in a laboratory are often not - Distillation, sedimentation, centrifugation,
economically and technically feasible for industrial evaporation, drying, pumps, reactors,
production). absorption/desorption, filtration, fragmentation,
combustion-heat, valve technologies, safety measures,
Chemical engineering thus enables the transition from rectification, storage, liquid-liquid extraction.
laboratory synthesis to industrial processes and
establishes laws and correlations for use in scaling up or IV-1) Distillation:
extrapolating to an industrial scale.
It separates the components of a homogeneous
Chemical engineering is at the intersection of several mixture. Under the influence of heat or low pressure
disciplines and studies the transformations, transports, (Ideal Gas Law), substances vaporize successively, and
and transfers of matter, energy, and momentum. the vapor obtained is liquefied to yield the distillate.

II) Objective: IV-3) Rectification:

The objective of process engineering courses is to Rectification is a unit operation for separating
prepare engineers capable of designing, operating, components of a mixture (which we will consider binary
improving, managing, or commercializing processes for here). It is based on the difference in volatility between
various industrial sectors (petrochemistry, specialized these components. It is one of the most widely used
materials, specialty chemicals, pharmaceuticals, separation operations in chemistry and petro chemistry.
cosmetics, agro-food). They may also oversee technical
and human management. Principle: when a liquid phase is brought into
equilibrium with its vapor phase, it is observed that the
III) Application Areas: vapor phase is richer in volatile constituent. Thus, by
partially vaporizing a liquid containing two components
Process engineering methods apply to all industries with different volatilities, one obtains a vapor phase
transforming matter. Chemical engineering or process enriched in the volatile constituent. This is then referred
engineering integrates into the following sectors: to as simple distillation (or flash). When a series of
liquid-vapor equilibrium is achieved with this mixture
- Quality control laboratories; and suitable equipment, it is referred to as rectification.

- Chemical and para-chemical industries; IV-4) Liquid-liquid Extraction:

- Pharmaceutical industry; Principle of liquid-liquid extraction: the aim is to extract


a solute contained in a homogeneous liquid mixture
- Petroleum and petrochemical industries; consisting of solute and diluent, called feed. For this, a
certain quantity of a solvent is used, which must not be
- Engineering and equipment industries; miscible with the diluent but must be miscible with the
solute.
- Environment: water treatment, air treatment, waste
treatment; IV-5) Sedimentation - Decantation:

Cours Métiers ST2 (2023-2024) Page n°1 sur 2


Careers in Science and Technology 2
Professeurs : Rachid FITAS et Ahmed ZOUAOUI S1, LMD, ST

Sedimentation or decantation occurs when a solid is IV-8) Crystallization:


separated from a liquid by gravity alone.
Crystallization is the operation that consists of forming
IV-6) Filtration: a crystallized solid from a solution (solvent + solute) or
a molten solid.
Filtration aims, starting from a suspension of solids in a
liquid, to obtain a clear liquid called filtrate, more or less IV-9) Absorption/Desorption:
clarified (for example, no particles larger than 100, 10,
or 1 mm). Principle of absorption:

IV-7) Drying: - Dissolve a solute contained in a gas mixture using a


liquid solvent in which the solute is soluble.
Drying aims to remove a liquid from a solid. This removal
can be achieved either by evaporation at boiling, Principle of desorption:
favored by working under vacuum.
- The reverse operation of absorption, i.e., the removal
IV-8) Evaporation: of a solute dissolved in a liquid using a gas that is
insoluble in this liquid.
Flash evaporation occurs when no energy is supplied to
the evaporator. The feed, possibly overheated,
undergoes an isenthalpic expansion in a valve at the
entrance of the evaporator.

Cours Métiers ST2 (2023-2024) Page n°2 sur 2

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