Professeurs: Rachid Fitas Et Ahmed Zouaoui S1, LMD, ST
Professeurs: Rachid Fitas Et Ahmed Zouaoui S1, LMD, ST
INTRODUCTION
- Agro-food and bio-industries;
I) Definition:
- Various industries: metallurgy, textiles, rubber, glass,
Chemical engineering, or process engineering, refers to paper.
the application of chemistry on an industrial scale (agro-
food, biotechnology). Its goal is the transformation of IV) Some Processes:
matter in an industrial setting and involves the design
(methods used in a laboratory are often not - Distillation, sedimentation, centrifugation,
economically and technically feasible for industrial evaporation, drying, pumps, reactors,
production). absorption/desorption, filtration, fragmentation,
combustion-heat, valve technologies, safety measures,
Chemical engineering thus enables the transition from rectification, storage, liquid-liquid extraction.
laboratory synthesis to industrial processes and
establishes laws and correlations for use in scaling up or IV-1) Distillation:
extrapolating to an industrial scale.
It separates the components of a homogeneous
Chemical engineering is at the intersection of several mixture. Under the influence of heat or low pressure
disciplines and studies the transformations, transports, (Ideal Gas Law), substances vaporize successively, and
and transfers of matter, energy, and momentum. the vapor obtained is liquefied to yield the distillate.
The objective of process engineering courses is to Rectification is a unit operation for separating
prepare engineers capable of designing, operating, components of a mixture (which we will consider binary
improving, managing, or commercializing processes for here). It is based on the difference in volatility between
various industrial sectors (petrochemistry, specialized these components. It is one of the most widely used
materials, specialty chemicals, pharmaceuticals, separation operations in chemistry and petro chemistry.
cosmetics, agro-food). They may also oversee technical
and human management. Principle: when a liquid phase is brought into
equilibrium with its vapor phase, it is observed that the
III) Application Areas: vapor phase is richer in volatile constituent. Thus, by
partially vaporizing a liquid containing two components
Process engineering methods apply to all industries with different volatilities, one obtains a vapor phase
transforming matter. Chemical engineering or process enriched in the volatile constituent. This is then referred
engineering integrates into the following sectors: to as simple distillation (or flash). When a series of
liquid-vapor equilibrium is achieved with this mixture
- Quality control laboratories; and suitable equipment, it is referred to as rectification.