CHAPTER

1 Basic Maths

Topicwise Weightage of JEE Main 6 Years Paper (124 Sets)

Inequalities

44%

56%

Logarithm

“How’s the Josh?” for these Topics: Mark your confidence level in the blank space around the topic (Low-L, Medium-M, High-H)

NUMBER SYSTEM (v) Odd integers: Integers which are not divisible by 2 are
called odd integers.
(i) Natural numbers: The counting numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, ...
are called Natural Numbers. The set of natural numbers is e.g. ± 1, ± 3, ± 5, ± 7......
denoted by N. (vi) Prime numbers: Natural numbers which are divisible by 1
and itself only are called prime numbers.
Thus N = {1, 2, 3, 4, ....}.
e.g. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, ........
(ii) Whole numbers: Natural numbers including zero are called
whole numbers. The set of whole numbers is denoted by W. (vii) Composite number: Let ‘a’ be a natural number, ‘a’ is said
to be composite if, it has atleast three distinct factors.
Thus W = {0, 1, 2, .........}
e.g. 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15 .........
(iii) Integers: The numbers ... – 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3 .... are
Note: (a) 1 is neither a prime number nor a composite number.
called integers and the set is denoted by Ι or Z. Thus Ι
(b) Numbers which are not prime are composite numbers
(or Z) = {.. – 3, – 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2, 3...}
(except 1).
Note: (a) Positive integers Ι+ = {1, 2, 3 ....} = N (c) ‘4’ is the smallest composite number.
(b) Negative integers Ι– = {....., –3, –2, –1}. (d) ‘2’ is the only even prime number.
(c) Non-negative integers (whole numbers) = {0, 1, 2, ...}. (viii) Co-prime numbers: Two natural numbers (not necessarily
(d) Non-positive integers = {......, –3, –2, –1, 0}. prime) are called coprime, if their H.C.F (Highest common
factor) is one.
(iv) Even integers: Integers which are divisible by 2 are called
e.g. (1, 2), (1, 3), (3, 4), (3, 10), (3, 8), (5, 6), (7, 8)
even integers. (15, 16) etc.
e.g. 0, ± 2, ± 4,.......
 These numbers are also known as relatively prime numbers. (e) If a ∈ Q and b ∉ Q, then ab = rational number, only if
Note: a = 0.
(a) Two prime numbers are always co-prime but converse (f) Sum, difference, product and quotient of two irrational
need not be true. numbers need not be a irrational number or we can say,
(b) Consecutive natural numbers are always co-prime result may be a rational number also.
numbers.
ADVANCED LEARNING
(ix) Twin prime numbers: If the difference between two
prime numbers is two, then the numbers are called twin (xiii) Complex number: A number of the form a + ib is called
prime numbers. a complex number, where a, b ∈ R and i = −1 . Complex
e.g. {3, 5}, {5, 7}, {11, 13}, {17, 19}, {29, 31} number is usually denoted by z and the set of complex
number is represented by C. Thus C = {a + ib : a, b ∈ R
(x) Rational numbers: All the numbers that can be
represented in the form p/q, where p and q are integers and i = −1 }
and q ≠ 0, are called rational numbers and their set is Note: It may be noted that N ⊂ W ⊂ Ι ⊂ Q ⊂ R ⊂ C.
denoted by Q. Thus Q = {p/q : p, q ∈ Ι and q ≠ 0}. It
may be noted that every integer is a rational number
since it can be written as p/q. It may be noted that all
Train Your Brain
recurring decimals are rational numbers.
p
Note: Maximum number of different decimal digits in
q Example 1: The value of 1.285714 ÷ 1.714285 =
______.
11
is equal to q, i.e. will have maximum of 9 different 3 7
9 (a) (b)
decimal digits. 4 8
(xi) Irrational numbers: The numbers which can not be 7 3
expressed in p/q form where p, q ∈ Ι and q ≠ 0 i.e. the (c) (d)
12 7
numbers which are not rational are called irrational numbers Sol. (a)
and their set is denoted by Qc. (i.e. complementary set of Q) 1.285714
e.g. 2 , 1 + 3 etc. Irrational numbers can not be = 1 + 0.285714
expressed as recurring decimals.
2 9
Note: e ≈ 2.71 (is called Napier’s constant) and =1 + =
7 7
π ≈ 3.14 are irrational numbers.
1.714285
(xii) Real numbers: Numbers which can be expressed on
5 12
number line are called real numbers. The complete set of =1 + =
7 7
rational and irrational numbers is the set of real numbers
and is denoted by R. Thus R = Q ∪ QC. ∴1.285714 ÷ 1.714285
9 12
= ÷
Negative side Positive side 7 7
9 7
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 2 3  = ×
7 12
Real line
3
All real numbers follow the order property i.e. if there are two =
4
distinct real numbers a and b then either a < b or a > b.
Note: Example 2: Prove that the difference 1025 – 7 is divisible
(a) Integers are rational numbers, but converse need not by 3.
be true.
Sol. Write the given difference in the form 1025 – 7
(b) Negative of an irrational number is an irrational
number. = (1025 – 1) – 6. The number 1025 – 1 = 99..9
 is
25 digits
(c) Sum of a rational number and an irrational number is
always an irrational number divisible by 3 (and 9). Since the numbers (1025 – 1) and
e.g. 2 + 3 6 are divisible by 3, the number 1025 – 7, being their
(d) The product of a non zero rational number and an difference, is also divisible by 3 without a remainder.
irrational number will always be an irrational number.

2 JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

 Concept Application Train Your Brain

Example 3: Show that the expression, (x2 – y z)3 + (y2 – z x)3 +

1. The product of 1.142857 and 0.63 = _____. (z2 – x y)3 – 3 (x2 – y z) . (y2 – z x).(z2 – x y) is a perfect square
8 and find its square root.
(a)
11 Sol. (x2 – yz)3 + (y2 – zx)3 + (z2 – xy)3 – 3(x2 – yz)
7 (y2 – zx) (z2 – xy) = a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc
(b)
11 (where a = x2 – yz, b = y2 – zx, c = z2 – xy)
11 = (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca)
(c)
7 1
= (a + b + c) ((a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2)
8 2
(d)
7 1 2 2 2
= (x + y + z – xy – yz – zx) [(x2 – yz – y2 + zx)2
2. If x = 12 − 9, y = 13 − 10, and=z 11 − 8, 2

then which of the following is true?  + (y2 – zx – z2 + xy)2 + (z2 – xy – x2 + yz)2]

(a) z > x > y 1 2 2 2
= (x + y + z – xy – yz – zx) [{x2 – y2 + z(x – y)}2
2
(b) z > y > x
+{y2 – z2 + x (y – z)}2 + {z2 – x2 + y (z – x)}2]
(c) y > x > z
1 2 2 2
(d) y > z > x = (x + y + z – xy – yz – zx) (x + y + z)2
2
 [(x – y)2 + (y – z)2 + (z – x)2]
= (x + y + z)2 (x2 + y2 + z2 – xy – yz – zx)2
= (x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz)2
SOME IMPORTANT IDENTITIES
(which is a perfect square) its square roots are
1. (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a – b)2 + 4ab
± ( x 3 + y 3 + z 3 − 3 xyz )
2. (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2 – 4ab 1
Example 4: If x2 – 4x + 1 = 0, then what is the value of x 3 + ?
3. a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b) x3
1
Sol. x2 – 4x + 1 = 0 ⇒ x + = 4
4. (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab (a + b) x
3
5. (a – b)3 = a3 – b3 – 3ab (a – b) 1  1  1
x 3 + 3 =  x +  − 3  x +  = 43 − 3 × 4 = 52
x  x   x
6. a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 – 3ab (a + b) = (a + b) (a2 + b2 – ab)
1
Example 5: If x + a , then what is the value of
=
7. a3 – b3 = (a – b)3 + 3ab (a – b) = (a – b) (a2 + b2 + ab) x
1 1
x3 + x 2 + + ?
8. (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca = a2 + b2 + c2 x3 x 2
1 1 1 (a) a3 + a2 (b) a3 + a2 – 5a
+ 2abc  + + 
a b c (c) a3 + a2 – 3a –2 (d) a3 + a2 – 4a –2
1 Sol. (c)
9. a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca = [(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2]
2 1
Given, x + = a
10. a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc = (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca) x
1 1 1  1   1 
= (a + b + c) [(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2] Now, x 3 + x 2 + 3 + 2 =  x 3 + 3  +  x 2 + 2 
2 x x  x   x 
3 2
If a + b + c = 0 , then a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc  1  1  1
=  x +  − 3 x +  +  x +  − 2
 x  x  x
11. a4 – b4 = (a + b) (a – b) (a2 + b2)
= a3 – 3a + a2 – 2 = a3 + a2 – 3a –2.
12. a4 + a2 + 1 = (a2 + 1)2 – a2 = (1 + a + a2) (1 – a + a2)

Basic Maths 3
 Concept Application am
4. am – n = , where m and n are rational numbers, a ≠ 0
an
5. (am)n = amn
3. If x1/3 + y1/3 + z1/3 = 0, then (x + y + z)3 is equal to?
q
(a) 1 (b) 3 6. ap/q = ap
(c) 3xy (d) 27xyz
7. m n
= a mn
= a n m
a , where m, n ∈ N and
4. If a + b + c = 0, then what is the value of
(m, n ≥ 2) and a is positive rational number
a 2 + b2 + c2
8. a× b = ab , a, b ∈ R and atleast one of a and b should
( a − b ) + (b − c ) + (c − a )
2 2 2
be positive
1
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) (d) 0
3
1 1 SURDS
5. If x + p
=then x 6 + 6 equals to :
x x If a is a positive rational number, which is not the nth power (n is any
(a) p6 + 6p (b) p6 – 6p natural number) of any rational number, then the irrational number
(c) p6 + 6p4 + 9p2 + 2 (d) p6 – 6p4 + 9p2 – 2 ± n a are called simple surds or monomial surds.
1 Every surd is an irrational number (but every irrational number is
6. If x + 4, then find values of
=
x not a surd). So, the representation of monomial surd on a number
line is same as that of irrational numbers.
2 1 3 1
(i) x + (ii) x + Examples:
x2 x3
4 1 1. 3 is a surd and 3 is an irrational number.
(iii) x +
x4 2. 3
5 is a surd and 3
5 is an irrational number.
7. Prove that (1 + x)(1 + x2)(1 + x4)(1 + x8)(1 + x16) 3. p is an irrational number, but it is not a surd.
(1 − x 32 )
= 4. 3
3 + 2 is an irrational number. It is not a surd, because
(1 − x)
8. If x, y, z are all different real numbers, then prove that 3 + 2 is not a rational number.
2
1 1 1  1 1 1 
+ + =  + +  .
( x − y ) 2 ( y − z ) 2 ( z − x) 2  x − y y − z z − x  Train Your Brain
a b
9. If + = −1, then find value of a3 – b3.
b a 4 4

10. If a – b = –8, ab = –12 then a3 – b3 will be Example 6: Simplify  3 6 a 9   6 3 a 9 

11. The product (x + y)(x – y)(x2 + xy + y2)(x2 – xy + y2) Sol. a9(1/6)(1/3)4 · a9(1/3)(1/6)4 = a2 · a2 = a4.
simplifies to Example 7: Arrange the following in ascending or
12. Find the real values of p, q, r satisfying (2p – 3)8 descending order of magnitude:
+ (1 – q)6 + (4 – 3r)4 = 0. 4
6, 3 7, 5
Sol.
= 4 1/ 4 3
6 6= 1/3
, 7 7= , 5 51/ 2
ADVANCED LEARNING LCM of the denominators of the exponents of these
INDICES three terms, 4, 3 and 2 is12.
If ‘a’ is any non zero real or imaginary number and ‘m’ is the Now express the exponent of each term, as a fraction in
positive integer, then am = a · a · a. ... a (m times). Here a is which then denominator is 12.
called the base and m is called the index, power or exponent. 1 3 1

Law of indices:
6=
4
6=
12
( 6 )=
3 12 12
216
1 4 1
1. a0 = 1, (a ≠ 0) 7= 7=
3 12
( 7 )=
4 12 12
2401
1 1 6 1
2. a–m =
am
, (a ≠ 0) 5=
2
5=
12
( 5 )=
6 12 12
15625

3. am + n = am · an, where m and n are rational numbers

4 JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

 ADVANCED LEARNING
Now,
= 6 4
216, 7
12
= 3 12
2401, 5
= 12
15625 RATIO
Hence, their ascending order is
(i) If A and B be two quantities of the same kind, then their
216, 12 2401, 12 15625, i.e., 4 6, 3 7, 5
12
A

\ The descending order of magnitude of the given ratio is A : B; which may be denoted by the fraction
B
(This may be an integer or fraction)
radical is 5, 3 7, 4 6 .
a
Example 8: Find the square root of 10 + 24 + 60 + 40 (ii) A ratio may represented in a number of ways e.g.
b
ma na
Sol. = 10 + 24 + 60 + 40 = = =...... where m, n,...... are non-zero numbers.
mb nb
= 10 + 2 6 + 2 15 + 2 10
(iii) To compare two or more ratio, reduce them to common
= ( 2 + 3 + 5 ) + 2 2 ( 3) + 2 3 ( 5 ) + 2 2 ( 5 ) denominator.

( )
2
= 2+ 3+ 5 (iv) Ratio between two ratios may be represented as the ratio
of two integers
= 2 + 3 + 5.
e.g. a : c : a b = ad or ad : bc
b d c d bc
(v) Ratios are compounded by multiplying them together i.e.
Concept Application a c e ace
⋅ ⋅ ..... = .....
b d f bdf
13. If the surds 4 4, 6 5, 8 6 and 12 8 are arranged in (vi) If a : b is any ratio then its duplicate ratio is a2 : b2;
ascending order from left to right, then the third surd
triplicate ratio is a3 : b3..... etc.
from the left is
(a) 12
8 (b) 4
4 (c) 8
6 (d) 6
5 (vii) If a : b is any ratio, then its sub-duplicate ratio is
a1/2 : b1/2; sub-triplicate ratio is a1/3 : b1/3 etc.
14. 6
15 − 2 56 3 7 + 2 2 = ______.
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 6
2 PROPORTION
15. If x = 21/3 – 2, then +
+ 12x = _________. x3 6x2
When two ratios are equal, then the four quantities compositing
(a)6 (b) –6
(c) 8 (d) –8
a c
−3 −2 −3
1 1 1 them are said to be proportional. If = , then it is written as
16. If a = 4 2 , b = (125) 3 , c = 81 4 then + + = b d
a b c a : b = c : d or a : b : : c : d
2 3 5
1 (i) ‘a’ and ‘d’ are known as extremes and ‘b and c’ are known
17. If p = 8 3 , q = 9 2 , r = 16 4 , s = then
6−2 as means.

p+q+r+s=
−4 −2
(ii) An important property of proportion Product of extremes
 1 3  1 3 5/3 –5/2
18. If u =   , v =   , w = (8) . (4) , = product of means.
27
   216 
(iii) If a : b = c : d, then b : a = d : c (Invertando)
vwt
t = (9)3/2 . (81)–3/4 then =
u (iv) If a : b = c : d, then a : c = b : d (Alternando)
19. Which of the following number is greater than 1 a+b c+d
−2/3 (v) If a : b = c : d, then = (Componendo)
 1   1  b d
(a)   ⋅ 2  (b) (125)–2/3 . (625)1/2
 216  6 
a −b c−d
(c) log(1/2) 16 (d) log16 32 (vi) If a : b = c : d, then = (Dividendo)
b d
−1 −1
 a+ b  a+ b
20. Simplify a   + b   a+b c+d
(vii) If a : b = c : d, then = (Componendo and
 2b a   2a b  a −b c−d
dividendo)

Basic Maths 5
 a c e a + c + e + .....
(viii) If = = = ..... , then each Concept Application
b d f b + d + f + ......

Sum of the numerators

= x2  1  x2  1 2x2  1
Sum of the denominators 21. Solve the equations 
x2  1  x2  1 2
a c e xa + yc + ze + ......
(ix) If = = = ..... , then each =
b d f xb + yd + zf + ...... 1  x2  1  x2
22. Solve: 3
1/ n 1  x2  1  x2
a c e  xa + yc + ze  n n n
(x) If = = = ..... , then each =  n n n  23. If (4x – 3y) : (2x + 5y) = 12 : 19 then x : y is ......
b d f  xb + yd + zf 
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 1 : 2
(c) 9 : 4 (d) 2 : 1

Train Your Brain

INTERVALS
Intervals are basically subsets of R and are commonly used in
x+ y y+z z+x
Example 9: If = = , then find x : y : z. solving inequalities or in finding domains. If there are two
2 3 4 numbers a, b ∈ R such that a < b, we can define four types of
intervals as follows :
Sum of the numerators
Sol. Each = Open Interval (a, b)
Sum of the denominators
{x : a < x < b} i.e. extreme points are not included
2( x + y + z ) x + y + z
= = and therefore each Closed Interval [a, b]
9 9/2
{x : a ≤ x ≤ b} i.e. extreme points are included
( x + y + z) − ( y + z) ( x + y + z) − ( x + z) It can possible when a and b are finite
=
9 9 Semi-Open Interval (a, b]
−3 −4
2 2
{x : a < x ≤ b} i.e. a is not included and b is included
( x + y + z) − ( x + y) Semi-Closed Interval [a, b)
=
9 {x : a ≤ x < b} i.e. a is included and b is not included
−2
2
Note:
x y z 1. The infinite intervals are defined as follows :
= = = ⇒x:y:z=3:1:5
3 / 2 1/ 2 5 / 2 (i) (a, ∞) = {x : x > a}

a  3b  2c  6d 3a  b  6c  2d (ii) [a, ∞) = {x : x ≥ a}
Example 10: If  , then
a  3b  2c  6d 3a  b  6c  2d (iii) (– ∞, b) = {x : x < b}
the correct statement is (iv) (∞, b] = {x : x ≤ b}
(v) (– ∞, ∞) = {x : x ∈ R}
(a) ad = bc (b) ac = bd
2. x ∈ {1, 2} denotes some particular values of x, i.e. x = 1, 2
ab 3. If there is no value of x, then we say x ∈ φ (null set)
(c) c = (d) a + d = b + c
d
Sol. (a) Apply C and D the the given equation GENERAL METHOD TO SOLVE
INEQUALITIES
4c  12d 4d  12c c  3d d  3c
⇒  ⇒ 
2a  6d 2b  6a a  3b b  3a Method of Intervals (Wavy Curve Method)
⇒ bc + 3ac + 3bd + 9ad = ad + 3ac + 3bd + 9bc  ( x – b1 ) k1 ( x – b2 ) k2 − − − ( x – bn ) kn 
Let g(x) =  r1 r rn 
...(i)
⇒ 8ad = 8bc  ( x – a1 ) ( x – a2 ) 2 − − − ( x – an ) 
Where k1, k2 ..... kn and r1, r2 ........ rn ∈ N and b1, b2..... bn and a1,
⇒ ad = bc a2 ... an are real numbers.
Then to solve the inequality following steps are taken.

6 JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

Steps: Points where numerator becomes zero are called zeros or
roots of the function and where denominator becomes zero are Concept Application
called poles of the function.
(i) First we find the zeros and poles of the function.
(ii) Then we mark all the zeros and poles on the real line and x 3  4 x 2  12 x
form a curve to divide the real line in many intervals. 24. Solve the inequality 0
x3
(iii) Determine sign of the function in any of the interval and
then alternates the sign in the neghbouring interval if the ( x  1) 4 ( x  2)( x  3)3 ( x  4) 2
25. Solve the inequality 0
poles or zeros dividing the two interval has appeared odd x 3  36 x
number of times otherwise retain the sign.
(iv) Thus we consider all the intervals. The solution of the 26. Find the number of integer values of variable x
g(x) > 0 is the union of the intervals in which we have put satisfying the following pair of inequalities.
the plus sign and the solution of g(x) < 0 is the union of all
intervals in which we have put the minus sign. ( x  1)( x  4)
 0 & x 2  6 x  27  0
x3
27. The solution of the inequality 2x − 1 ≤ x2 + 3 ≤ x − 1 is
Train Your Brain
(a) x ∈ R (b) (−2, 2]
(c) (−2, 2) (d) x ∈ f
( x –1) 2 ( x + 4)
Example 11: Solution < 0 is 1+ x 2

(2 – x) 28. Solve for x: −1 ≤ ≤1

2x
( x –1) 2 ( x + 4) ( x + 4) ( x − sin1)( x − sin 2)
Sol. <0⇒ >0 29. Solve for x: ≤0
(2 – x) ( x – 2) ( x − sin 3)( x − sin 4)
30. Solve for x: ( x − 1) ( x − 2) x ≤ 0
+ +
–4 – 2 31. Solve for x: x − 5 − 9 − x > 1: x ∈ Z

32. Solve for x: x −1 > 3 − x

⇒ (– ∞, – 4) ∪ (2, ∞).
3
( x + 4) 4 ( x –1)3
Example 12: The solution of > 0 is
( x – 2) LOGARITHM FUNCTION
4/3 3
( x + 4) ( x –1) x –1
Sol. >0⇒ >0 Definition
( x – 2) x–2
The logarithm of the number N to the base ‘a’ is the exponent
indicating the power to which the base ‘a’ must be raised to obtain
+ + the number N.
1 – 2
This number is designated as logaN.
⇒ (– ∞, 1) ∪ (2, ∞) Excluding – 4. Hence logaN = x ⇔ ax = N, a > 0, a ≠ 1 and N > 0
Example 13: Find the range of x, so that following If a = 10, then we write log b rather than log10b
expressions are defined. a = e, we write ln b rather than logeb
(a) (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3)2 (x – 4)5 (x – 5) > 0 The existence and uniqueness of the number logaN follows
( x − 1)( x − 2) from the properties of an exponential functions.
(b) ≥0
( x − 3)
Domain
Sol. (a)  x  (,1)  (2, 3)  (3, 4)  (5, )
The existence and uniqueness of the number loga N can be
determined with the help of set of conditions, a > 0 & a ≠ 1 &
+ + + +
– – N > 0.
1 2 3 4 5

(b)  x  [1, 2]  (3, )

FUNDAMENTAL IDENTITY
– + – + (i) loga1 = 0 (a > 0, a ≠ 1)
1 2 3
(ii) logaa = 1 (a > 0, a ≠ 1)
(iii) log1/a a = –1 (a > 0, a ≠ 1)
Basic Maths 7
Remember ⇒ logaM = x · logab
log102 ≈ 0.3010; log103 ≈ 0.4771 log a M
⇒ = x = logb M
ln 2 ≈ 0.693; ln 10 ≈ 2.303 log a b
Important Results
FUNDAMENTAL 1
LOGARITHMIC IDENTITY (i) Base power formula: log ak M = loga M
k
loga N = N, a > 0, a ≠ 1 & N > 0 Proof:

a
log a M log a M 1
Proof : log= ak
(M ) = = log a M
log a a k k log a a k
logaN = x ... (i) (ii) a logb c = c logb a
N= (a)x ... (ii) Proof:
= a logb c a=
log a c .logb a
(a log
= a c log b a
) (c)logb a
by equation (i) & (ii)
N = (a)logaN GRAPH OF LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
If a > 0, a ≠ 1, then the function y = loga x, x ∈ R+ (set of positive real
PRINCIPAL PROPERTIES numbers) is called the logarithmic Function with base a.
Y
Let M & N are arbitrary positive numbers, a > 0, a ≠ 1, y = log2x
y = log4x
and x, y are any real numbers, then: y = log10x +
(i) loga (M · N) = loga M + loga N; Domain : R
X Range : R
O
Proof: Nature : one-one
y = log1/10x
Let logaM = x and logaN = y y = log1/4x
y = log1/2x

⇒M= ax and N = ay
Now, MN = axay = ax+y Note: (i) If the number and the base are on the same side of the
unity, then the logarithm is positive.
⇒
logaMN = x + y
(ii) If the number and the base are on the opposite sides of
In general unity, then the logarithm is negative.
loga(x1 x2 ... xn) = logax1 + loga x2 + ... + loga xn
(ii) loga(M/N) = loga M − loga N
EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION
Proof: ADVANCED LEARNING
Let logaM = x and logaN = y If a > 0, a ≠ 1 then the function defined by f (x) = ax, x ∈ R is
called an Exponential Function with base a.
⇒ M = ax and N = ay

Y
Now, M/N = ax/ay = ax–y –x –x
y = 4 y = 10 x
x
y = 4 y = 2x

⇒ loga(M/N ) = x – y y =10
–x
y=2 Domain : R

(iii) loga Mα = α·loga M Range : R

+

a>1
BASE CHANGING THEOREM Nature : one-one
0<a<1
It states that ratio of logarithm of two numbers is independent of
their common base O
X
Symbolically
log a M
= logb M (a > 0, M > 0, b > 0)
log a b
LOGARITHMIC EQUATION
Proof: The equality loga x = loga y is possible if and only if x = y
Let logbM = x i.e. loga x = loga y ⇔ x = y
⇒M= bx Always check validity of given equation, (x > 0, y > 0, a > 0,
⇒ logaM = loga bx a ≠ 1)

8 JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

LOGARITHMIC INEQUALITY
Let ‘a’ is a real number such that 1
⇒ log2 (x – 1) = log2 (x – 3)
2
(i) If a > 1, then logax > loga y ⇒ x > y ⇒ log2 (x – 1)1/2 = log2 (x – 3)
⇒ (x – 1)1/2 = (x – 3)
(ii) If a > 1, then logax < α ⇒ 0 < x < aα
⇒ x – 1 = x2 – 6x + 9
(iii) If a > 1, then logax > α ⇒ x > aα ⇒ (x – 2) (x – 5) = 0
⇒ x = 2, 5
(iv) If 0 < a < 1, then logax > loga y ⇒ 0 < x < y
But x – 1 > 0 and x – 3 > 0
(v) If 0 < a < 1, then logax < α ⇒ x > aα x > 1 and x > 3
So only one solution x = 5
Form - I: f (x) > 0, g(x) > 0, g(x) ≠ 1
Example 15: Solve the logarithmic inequality
Form Collection of system 4x + 6
log1/5 ≥0.
x
 f ( x) ≥ 1, g ( x) > 1 Sol. Since log1/5 1 = 0, the given inequality can be written as.
(a) logg(x) f (x) ≥ 0 ⇔ 
 0 < f ( x ) ≤ 1, 0 < g ( x) < 1 4x + 6
log1/5 ≥ log1/5 1
x
 f ( x) ≥ 1, 0 < g ( x) < 1
(b) logg(x) f (x) ≤ 0 ⇔  When the domain of the function is taken into account
0 < f ( x) ≤ 1, g ( x) > 1 the inequality is equivalent to the system of inequalities.
 4x + 6

(c) logg(x) f (x) ≥ a ⇔ 
f ( x) ≥ g ( x) a , g ( x) > 1  x > 0,
a
0 < f ( x ) ≤ g ( x ) , 0 < g ( x ) < 1 
 4x + 6 ≤ 1
 x
0 < f ( x ) ≤ g ( x ) a , g ( x ) > 1
(d) logg(x) f (x) ≤ a ⇔  a Solving the inequalities by using method of intervals
 f ( x) ≥ g ( x) , 0 < g ( x) < 1
–3 
From - II: f (x) > 0, g(x) > 0, f(x) > 0, f(x) ≠ 1 x ∈  –2, 
 2 
Form Collection of system Example 16: For x ≥ 0, what is the smallest possible value
of the expression log(x3 – 4x2 + x + 26) – log(x + 2)?
 f ( x) ≥ g ( x), φ( x) > 1, ( x 3 − 4 x 2 + x + 26)
(a) logφ(x) f (x) ≥ logφ(x) g(x) ⇔  Sol. log
0 < f ( x) ≤ g ( x);0 < φ( x) < 1 ( x + 2)
( x 2 − 6 x + 13)( x + 2)
 0 < f ( x) ≤ g ( x), φ( x) > 1, = log
(b) logφ(x) f (x) ≤ logφ(x) g(x) ⇔  ( x + 2)
 f ( x) ≥ g ( x) > 0, 0 < φ( x) < 1
= log (x2 – 6x + 13)  [ x ≠ – 2]
= log{(x – 3)2 + 4}
COMMON AND NATURAL LOGARITHM ∴ Minimum value is log 4 when x = 3
log10N is referred as a common logarithm and logeN is called 2
as natural logarithm of N to the base Napierian and is popularly Example 17: Given log2a = s, log4b = s2 and log c2 (8) = s 3 + 1 .
written as n N. Note that e is an irrational quantity lying between a 2 b5
Write log2 4 as a function of ‘s’ (a, b, c > 0, c ≠ 1).
2.7 to 2.8 Note that en x = x. c
Sol. Given log2a = s  ...(i)
log2b = 2s2  ...(ii)
Train Your Brain
s3 + 1
log8c2 =  ...(iii)
2
Example 14: How many solutions are there for equation 2 log c s3 + 1
⇒ = ⇒ 4 log2c = 3(s3 + 1) ...(iv)
log4 (x – 1) = log2 (x – 3)? 3log 2 2
Sol. log4 (x – 1) = log2 (x – 3) to find 2 log2a + 5 log2b – 4 log2c
⇒ log22 (x – 1) = log2 (x – 3) ⇒ 2s + 10s2 – 3(s3 + 1)

Basic Maths 9
 1 40. log2 (a2 – 5) = 2
Example 18: If log 4 M + 4 log 4 N = 1+ log.008 5 then the
4 41. log1/3 (a2 – 1) = –1
value of MN16 = k.21/3, where k is equal to log 2 3 log3 2
42. Prove that : 2 =3
(a) 8 (b) 32
(c) 36 (d) 40 43. If log1227 = a find the value of log616 in term of a.

1 log 2 5 44. Solve for x:

Sol. (b) log 2 M  2 log 2 N  1 
8 log 2 (.008) (i) logx (2) . log2x 2 = log4x 2
log 2 10  1 (ii) 5loga x + 5 x loga 5 =
3(a > 0)
 log 2 M 1/ 8  log 2 N 2  1 
3  3 log 2 10 (iii) x(log2 x) + 4 = 32
 log 2  MN  1 2
16 1/ 8
 1  (iv) logx+1 (x2 + x – 6)2 = 4
3 3
(v) x + log10 (1 + 2x) = x ∙ log10 5 + log10 6
  MN 16 
1/ 8
 22 / 3
45. Prove that loga N ∙ logb N + logb N ∙ logc N +
 MN 16  216 / 3  32(21/ 3 ) log a N ⋅ log b N ⋅ log c N
logc N ∙ loga N = log abc N
 b a 
 log a 4 ab + logb 4 ab − log a 4 + logb 4 ⋅ log a b
 a b
46. Prove that: 2  

Concept Application  2 if b ≥ a > 1

=  loga b
 2 if 1 < b < a

33. Solve the inequality log1/3 (5x – 1) > 0.

47. Simplify: log1/3 4 729 ⋅ 3 9−1 ⋅ 27 −4/3
34. Suppose that a and b are positive real numbers such
7 2
that log27a + log9b = and log27b + log9a = . Find
2 3 ABSOLUTE VALUE FUNCTION /
the value of the ab.
MODULUS FUNCTION
35. If m1 = log8 16, m2 = log81 27, m3 = log1/3 1/9,
This is also known as absolute value function and denoted by
m4 = log1/3 9 3 then m1 . m2 . m3 ∙ m4
36. If p = log 2 3 1728 , q = log2 (cos 45°), r = log2 (log2 4),  x, x≥0
f(x) = |x| i.e. f(x) = 
prt − x , x < 0
s = log3 (tan 30°), t = log625 125 then =
qs Domain of this function is set of all real numbers because f(x)
exists for all x ∈ R but |x| ≥ 0 so range is all non-negative real
37. If log7 (log3 (log2 x)) = 0, then find log0.125 x.
numbers.
38. Solve for x: f(x)
y
(i) log3 x > 0 (ii) log5 x ≥ 0
(iii) log6 x < 0 (iv) log2 x ≤ 0
(v) log1/7 x > 0 (vi) log1/8 x ≥ 0 x x
O x
(vii) log1/9 x < 0 (viii) log1/e x ≤ 0 y
(ix) log2 (x – 1) > 1 (x) log1/2 (x – 2) ≤ 1
Domain = R; Range = [0, ∞) or R+ ∪ {0}
39. Solve for x:
Properties of modulus: For any a, b ∈ R
(i) log4 (2x – 3) < 2
(i) | a | ≥ 0
(ii) log1/2 (3x – 2) ≥ 3
(ii) | a | = | –a |
(iii) log16 (log4 (x)) > 1
(a) | a |n = | an |
(iv) log1/2 (log1/4 (x)) < 1
(b) | an | = an , where n is even and n ∈ z

10 JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

 (iii) a ≥ a, a ≥ −a
Sol. (c)
(iv) ab = a b Case-I: x ≤ 1, 1 – x = 2 – x + 3 – x
a x = 4 (rejected)
a
(v) = Case-II: 1 < x ≤ 2, x – 1 = 2 – x + 3 – x, x = 2
b b
Case-III: 2 < x < 3, x – 1 = x – 2 + 3 – x, x = 2
Note: | f (x) | + | g(x) | = | f (x) + g(x) |
Case-IV: x ≥ 3, x – 1 = x – 2 + x – 3
⇒ f (x) · g(x) ≥ 0 x = 4 ⇒ x = 2, 4

Train Your Brain

Concept Application
Example 19: The absolute value of sum of real solutions of
log2 |x2 + 5x + 4| = log2 3 + log2 |x + 1| is 48. Let x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 ∈ R and | x1 – x2 | = 2, | x2 – x3 | = 4,
(a) 8 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 5 | x3 – x4 | = 3, | x4 – x5 | = 5.
| ( x + 1)( x + 4) |
Then the sum of all distinct possible values of
Sol. (c) log 2 = log 2 3
| x5 – x1 | is
| x + 1|
|x + 4| = 3 49. The number of integers which does NOT satisfy
x + 4 = –3, +3 log|2x| (| x + 2| + | x – 2|) = 1 is
x = –7, –1 (rejected); ⇒ x = –7 (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
50. The real solutions of the equation where |x|2 –3 |x|
Example 20: Solve the following linear equation + 2 = 0 where x1 < x2 < x3 < x4 then
(i) x | x | = 4 (a) |x1| = |x3| (b) |x2| = |x3|
(ii) | x – 3 | + 2 | x + 1 | = 4 (c) x1 + x4 = x2 + x3 (d) –x2 + x4 = x1 – x3
Sol. (i) x | x | = 4 51. Solve for x:
(i) ||x – 2| –1| = 2 (ii) ||x – 3| –5| = 1
If x > 0
(iii) |||x – 5| –4| –3| = 2
∴ x2 = 4 ⇒ x = ±2 ∴ x = 2 ( x ≥ 0)
If x < 0
⇒ –x2 = 4 ⇒ x2 = –4 which is not possible
INEQUALITIES INVOLVING
(ii) | x – 3 | + 2 | x + 1 | = 4
ABSOLUTE VALUE
Case-I: If x ≤ – 1
(i) | x | ≤ a (where a > 0)
∴ –(x – 3) –2 (x + 1) = 4
It implies those values of x on real number line which are
⇒ –x + 3 –2 x – 2 = 4 ⇒ –3x + 1 = 4
at distance a or less than a from zero.
⇒ –3x = 3   ⇒ x = –1
–a 0 a
Case-II: If –1 < x ≤ 3
⇒ –a ≤ x ≤ a
∴ –(x – 3) + 2 (x + 1) = 4
e.g. | x | ≤ 2 ⇒ –2 ≤ x ≤ 2
⇒ –x + 3 + 2x + 2 = 4
|x| < 3 ⇒ –3 < x < 3
⇒ x = – 1 which is not possible
In general, |f(x)| ≤ a (where a > 0) ⇒ –a ≤ f (x) ≤ a.
Case-III: If x > 3
(ii) | x | ≥ a (where a > 0)
x – 3 + 2(x + 1) = 4
It implies those values of x on real number line which are
3x – 1 = 4 ⇒ x = 5/3 which is not possible
at distance a or more than a from zero
∴ x = –1
Example 21: Number of real solutions of |x – 1| = |x – 2| –a 0 a
+ |x – 3| is ⇒ x ≤ –a or x ≥ a
(a) 0 (b) 1 e.g. | x | ≥ 3 ⇒ x ≤ –3 or x ≥ 3
(c) 2 (d) more than 2 | x | > 2 ⇒ x < –2 or x > 2
In general, |f(x)| ≥ a ⇒ f(x) ≤ – a or f (x) ≥ a

Basic Maths 11
(iii) a ≤ | x | ≤ b (where a, b > 0)
It implies those value of x on real number line whose
x3
distance from zero is equal to a or b or lies between a and b 55. Solve 1.
x 1
–b –a 0 a b 56. Solve for x:

⇒ [–b, –a] ∪ [a, b] (i) |x| > 1 (ii) |x| ≥ 5 (iii) |x| < 7
e.g. 2 ≤ x ≤ 4 ⇒ x ∈ [–4, –2] ∪ [2, 4] (iv) |x| ≤ 10 (v) |x| ≥ 0 (vi) |x| < –8
(vii) |x| > –4 (viii) |x| ≥ –5 (ix) |x| ≤ –10
(iv) If | x + y | = | x | + | y |, xy ≥ 0
57. Solve for x:
If | x – y | = | x | + | y |, xy ≤ 0
(i) |x – 1| > 1 (ii) |x – 2| < 1
If | x + y | = || x | – | y ||, xy ≤ 0
(iii) 1 < |2x + 1| < 3 (iv) 1 ≤ |1 – 2x| ≤ 3
If | x – y | = || x | – | y ||, xy ≥ 0
(v) –1 ≤ |3x – 1| ≤ 5 (vi) –6 ≤ |1 – 3x| ≤ –1
58. Solve for x:
Train Your Brain (i) ||x – 2| –1| ≤ 2 (ii) ||x – 3| –5| ≥ 1
(iii) |||x – 5| –4| –3| ≤ 2
Example 22: Solve x2 – 4| x | + 3 < 0. 59. Solve for x:
Sol. x2 – 4| x | + 3 < 0
1 3 1
⇒ (| x | – 1) (| x | – 3) < 0 (i) ≤ | 2 x − 1| ≤ (ii) − ≤ | 3 x − 4 | ≤ 2
⇒1<|x|<3 2 5 3
⇒ – 3 < x < –1 or 1 < x < 3 10
⇒ x ∈ (−3, −1) ∪ (1,3) (iii) 2 ≤ | 4 − 5 x | ≤ (iv) 3 < |x2 – 1| < 8
3
Example 23: Solve 1 ≤ | x – 2 | ≤ 3
Sol. 1 ≤ | x – 2 | ≤ 3 60. Solve for x:
⇒ –3 ≤ x – 2 ≤ – 1 or 1 ≤ x – 2 ≤ 3 (i) |||x + 5| –3| –1| = 2
⇒ –1 ≤ x ≤ 1 or 3 ≤ x ≤ 5 (ii) ||||x – 5| –7| –3| –2| = 1
⇒ x ∈ [–1, 1] ∪ [3, 5]
61. Solve for x:
Example 24: Solve | x –1 | + | x –2| + | x –3| ≥ 6,
Sol. For x ≤ 1, the given inequation becomes (i) 2 ≤ |||x – 7| –3| +2| ≤ 5
1 – x + 2 – x + 3 – x ≥ 6 ⇒ –3x ≥ 0 (ii) ||||x – 5| –7| –3| –2| ≤ 1
⇒ x ≤ 0 and for x ≥ 3, the given equation becomes
62. Solve for x:
x –1 + x –2 + x – 3 ≥ 6 ⇒ 3x ≥ 12 ⇒ x ≥ 4
For 1 < x ≤ 2 (| x | − 1) (| x | − 1)(| x | − 3)
(i) ≤0 (ii) ≥0
we get x – 1 + 2 – x + 3 – x ≥ 6 (| x | − 2) | x |2 − 2 | x |
⇒ –x+4≥6
(| x |2 − 5 | x | + 6)
i.e. – x ≥ 2 ⇒ x ≤ –2 Not possible (iii) ≤0
For 2 < x < 3, (4 − | x |2 )
We get x – 1 + x – 2 + 3 – x ≥ 6 (iv) (||x – 1| –2| – 3)(|x – 2| –3) ≥ 0
⇒ x ≥ 6 not possible (v) (|||x – 1| –2| –1| –2)(|x – 2|) ≥ 0
Hence solution set is (–∞, 0] ∪ [4, ∞)
i.e. x ≤ 0 or x ≥ 4 63. Solve for x:
x−3 x +1 ( x + 1) 2
(i) ≤1 (ii) + | x + 1| =
x +1 x |x|

Concept Application 3
(iii) 1 + >2 (iv) |2x – 1| + |4 – 2x| < 3
x
| x + 2|
52. Solve x − 1 − 2 < 5  1  2 − | x|
(v)   >9
53. Number of non-positive integral values of ‘x’ satisfying 3
the given inequality, |x2 – 1| ≤ |2x – 1| is
64. Solve: ||x2 – 2x + 6| – |x + 6|| = |x2 – 3x|
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
54. Solve |x2 – 2x| + |x – 4| > |x2 – 3x + 4|.

12 JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

 Aarambh (Solved Examples)
1. The value of 81(1/log53) + 27 log936 + 34/log79 is equal to Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.
(a) 49 (b) 625 (c) 216 (d) 890  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) 5. Values of x satisfying the equation
(1/ log5 3)
Sol. 81 + 27 log9 36
+3 4/ log 7 9
5
log52 x + log5x   = 1 are
4 log3 5
1
3. log3 36 x
=3 +3 2
+ 34 log9 7 (a) 1 (b) 5

4 3/2 4/2
=3log3 5 + 3log3 36 + 3log3 7 1
(c) (d) 3
= 54 + 363/ 2 + 7 2 = 890 25
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.
5
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) Sol. (log5x)2 + log5x =1
x
2. The largest integral value of x satisfying
⇒ (log5x)2 + log5x5 – log5xx = 1

x
18 − 5 ≤ 2(18 + 12) − 18 + 5 is x x
log 5 5 log 5 x
⇒ ( log 5 x ) +
2
− 1
=
(a) 0 (b) 1 log 5 5 + log 5 x log 5 5 + log 5 x
(c) 2 (d) no integral value of x possible
1 log 5 x
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) ⇒ (log5x)2 +
− 1
=
1 + log 5 x 1 + log 5 x
Sol. Let 18x = p
p − 5 + p + 5 ≤ 2( p + 12) Let log5x = t
1 t

⇒ p − 5 + p + 5 + 2 p 2 − 25 ≤ 2 p + 24
∴ t2 + − 1
=
1+ t 1+ t

⇒ p 2 − 25 ≤ 12 ⇒ p 2 ≤ 169 ⇒ p ≤ 13 t 2 (1 + t ) + 1 − t

⇒ 1
=
Also p ≥ 5 1+ t
Thus 5 ≤ p ≤ 13 ⇒ log185 ≤ x ≤ log1813 ⇒ t3 + t2 + 1 – t = 1 + t

Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.
t3 + t2 – 2t = 0

 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
t (t2 + t – 2) = 0

3. Solve if |x – 5| + |x + 4| = 9

t (t – 1) (t + 2) = 0
(a) [–4, 5] (b) (–4, 5) (c) (–4, 5] (d) [–4, 5)

t = 0, 1, – 2
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)

∴ log5x = 0, 1, –2
Sol. Given equation is of form |a| + |b| = |a – b|
It is true for ab ≤ 0 1

∴ x = 1, 5,
(x – 5)(x + 4) ≤ 0 25
So x ∈ [–4, 5] Therefore, option (a, b, c) is the correct answers.
Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer. 6. The equation log x2 16 + log2x 64 = 3 has
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(a) One irrational solution
(e − sin x)( x − 2)
4. Solve ≥ 0. (b) No prime solution
( x + 4)
(c) Two real solutions
(a) (–∞, –4) ∪ [2, ∞) (b) (–∞, –4] ∪ (2, ∞) (d) One integral solution
(c) (–∞, –4) ∪ (2, ∞) (d) None of these  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
4 log x 64
Sol. Zeros x = 2, Pole x ≠ –4 Sol. log x 2 +
e – sin x > 0 always positive 2 log x 2 x

(e − sin x)( x − 2) 6 log x 2

≥0 ⇒ 2 log x 2 + 3
=
( x + 4) 1 + log x 2
Final solution x ∈ (–∞, –4) ∪ [2, ∞) Let α = logx2

Basic Maths 13
 6α Case-II: – 5 < x < 5 The above equation becomes

∴ 2α + =3 – (x – 5) + (x + 5) = 10
1+ α
⇒ – x + 5 + x + 5 = 10
⇒ 2α + 2α2 + 6α – 3 – 3α = 0

⇒10 = 10 which is true.
⇒ 2α2 + 5α – 3 = 0
So, the solution is x ∈ (–5, 5)

⇒ (α + 3) (2α – 1) = 0 ⇒ a = – 3, 1/2 Case-III: x ≤ – 5, The above equation becomes
∴ logx2 = – 3 ⇒ x = 2–1/3 (Irrational)
– (x – 5) – (x + 5) = 10
1 ⇒ – x + 5 – x – 5 = 10
or logx2 = ⇒ x = 4 (Integer) ⇒ – 2x = 10
2
⇒ x = – 5 which satisfies the above case so, accepted.
Therefore, option (a, b, c, d) is the correct answers.
∴ final answer is x ∈ [–5, 5]
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
Therefore, option (b, c) is the correct answers.
1
7. If ≤ log0.1 x ≤ 2, then 10. If logax = b for permissible values of a and x then identify
2
1 the statements(s) which can be correct?
(a) Maximum value of x is
10 (a) If a and b are two irrational numbers then x can be
1 rational.
1
(b) x lies between and (b) If a rational and b irrational then x can be rational.
100 10
1 (c) If a irrational and b rational then x can be rational.
(c) Minimum value of x is (d) If a rational and b rational then x can be rational.
10
1 Sol. (a) a = ( 2) 2 is irrational
(d) Minimum value of x is
100 b = 2 is also irrational
1/ 2 2
1 1 1 ( )
2
2
Sol.≤ log0.1x ≤ 2 ⇒   ≥ x ≥   but a b = 2 = 2 which is rational ⇒ (a) is correct.
2  10   10 
(b) a = 2 ∈ Q ; b = log2 3 ∉Q
Therefore, option (a, b, d) is the correct answers.
ab = 2log23 = 3 ∈ Q ⇒ (b) is correct
log 3 135 log 3 5 Therefore, option (a, b, c, d) is the correct answers.
8. Let N = − . Then N is
log15 3 log 405 3 11. Match the column:
(a) a natural number (b) a prime number Column-I Column-II
(c) a rational number (d) an integer
A. The roots of log2(x +e) = p. Positive Number
Sol. = log3135 log315 – log35 log3405 log2x + log2e is a
= log3(5 × 33) . log3(5 × 3) – log3 5. log3 (5 × 34) B. The solution of log1/5 (2x2 q. Rational Number
= (log35 + log333) (log35 + log33) – log35 (log35 + log334) + 5x +1) < 0 contains
= (x + 3) (x + 1) – x (x + 4) C. log π is r. Irrational Number
π
sin
{Let log35 = x} 6
D. log 5.log 20 + log 2 2 s. Negative Number
= x2 + 4x + 3 – x2 – 4x = 3 10 10 10
simplifies to
which is Prime, rational Integer and natural number
Therefore, option (a, b, c, d) is the correct answers. (a) A→(p, r) ; B→(p, q, r, s) ; C→(r, s) ; D→(p, q)
(b) A→(p, q, r, s) ; B→(p, r) ; C→(r, s) ; D→(p, q)
9. If |x – 5| + |x + 5| = 10, then
(c) A→(r, s) ; B→(p, q, r, s) ; C→(p, r) ; D→(p, q)
(a) The number of integral solutions is 10
(d) A→(p, q) ; B→(p, q, r, s) ; C→(r, s) ; D→(p, r)
(b) The number of integral solutions is 11
Sol. (A) x + e = xe
(c) The sum of all the integral solutions is 0

x(e – 1) = e ⇒ x =
e
(d) All the solutions of the equation are rational numbers
e −1
Sol. |x – 5| + |x + 5| = 10 (B) 2x2 + 5x + 1 > 1 and 2x2 + 5x + 1 > 0
Case-I: x ≥ 5, the equation becomes ⇒ 2x2 + 5x + 1 > 1
(x – 5) + (x + 5) = 10 ⇒ (x)(2x + 5) > 0
⇒ 2x = 10  −5 
⇒ x = 5 which satisfies the case, therefore accepted. ⇒ x ∈  −∞,  ∪ (0, ∞)
 2 

14 JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

 2
(D) (1 − log10 2)(1 + log10 2) + log10 2 14. Sum of all the solutions of the equation
2 2
⇒ 1 − log10 2 + log 10 2 =
1 log6(x2 – 1) – log 6 ( x − 6) 2 = log6(x + 1)2 is a + b ,(a, b ∈ N).
Then a + b is equal to
Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.
12. Let y = log 2 3·log 2 12·log 2 48·log 2 192 + 16 Sol. log6(x2 – 1) – log 6 ( x − 6) 2= log 6 ( x + 1) 2

– log212·log248 + 10. ( x − 1)( x + 1)

⇒ log 6
= log 6 | x − 6 |
Find y ∈ N. ( x + 1) 2

Sol. y = log 2 3·log 2 12·log 2 48·log 2 192 + 16  ( x − 1) 

⇒ log 6  =  log 6 | x − 6 |
– log212 · log248 + 10  ( x + 1) 
log 2 3 · ( 2 + log 2 3) ( 4 + log 2 3) ( 6 + log 2 3) + 16 − x −1
=
⇒ = | x−6|
x +1

( 2 + log 2 3) ( 4 + log 2 3) + 10
Case-I: x ≥ 6
Let us put log23 = x ⇒ x – 1 = x2 – 5x – 6
= x ( 2 + x ) ( 4 + x ) ( 6 + x ) + 16 − ( 2 + x ) ( 4 + x ) + 10 ⇒ x2 – 6x – 5 = 0
⇒ (x – 3)2 = 14
= (x 2
+ 6 x ) ( x 2 + 6 x + 8 ) + 16 − ( x 2 + 6 x + 8 ) + 10 ⇒ x = 3 ± 14
Put again x2 + 6x = α x = 3 – 14 < 1 rejected
= α ( α + 8 ) + 16 − ( α + 8 ) + 10

x=3+ 14 accepted
= α 2 + 8α + 16 − ( α + 8 ) + 10
Case-II: x < 6

x – 1 = –(x2 – 5x – 6)
= ( α + 4 ) − ( α + 8 ) + 10
2

⇒ x2 – 4x – 7 = 0
= ( α + 4 ) − ( α + 8 ) + 10 = y = 6.
(x – 2)2 = 11
Therefore, 6 is the correct answer. x= 2 ± 11
13. If ‘x’ and ‘y’ are real numbers such that,
x= 2 + 11 (accepted)
y
x= 2 − 11 (accepted)
2 log(2y – 3x) = log x + log y, find .
x
(truncated upto two decimal) Sum of roots = 7 + 14
Sol. log(2y – 3x)2 = log xy ⇒ a = 7, b = 14
⇒ (2y – 3x)2 = xy a + b = 21
⇒ 4y2 – 12xy + 9x2 = xy Therefore, 21 is the correct answer.
Dividing the equation by y2
2
x x

9   − 13 + 4 =0 “FIVE-MINUTE MEDITATION”
 y y BEFORE STUDY SESSIONS
x   9x  Before starting a study session, set aside five minutes for a

 − 1  − 4 =
0 ™
y  y  brief meditation. Sit in a quiet space, close your eyes, and
x x 4 focus on your breathing, gently clearing your mind of any
= 1,=
. worries or distractions.
y y 9
™ This helps center your thoughts and prepares you to focus
x = y disregarded as for x = y, 2y – 3x is negative. better during your study session.
y 9 ™ Before you open your books, sit still, take deep breaths,
Hence = .
x 4 and focus on the sensation of air moving in and out of
Therefore, 2.25 is the correct answer. your body for 5 minutes.

Basic Maths 15
 School Level Problems
SINGLE CORRECT TYPE QUESTIONS 9. If 4x + 3 < 6x + 7, then x belongs to the interval

1. If p1 and p2 are two odd prime numbers such that p1 > p2, (a) (2, ∞) (b) (–2, ∞)
then p12 – p22 is (c) (–∞, 2) (d) (–4, ∞)
(a) an even number (b) an odd number 
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(c) An odd prime number (d) a prime number
 VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
10. If log72 = m, then log4928 is
2. The smallest number by which 27 should be multiplied 
to get a rational number is  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(a) 27 (b) 3 3 (c) 3 (d) 3 4 6
11. ≤3≤  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
x +1 x +1

 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) 11n + 3 + 3 × 11n +1
12. Simplify  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
3. If a + ib = c + id, then 5 × 11n +1 − 11n × 3
13. Solve modulus and find the interval of x for |x2 – 5x + 6|
(a) a2 + c2 = 0 (b) b2 + c2 = 0

(c) b2 + d2 = 0 (d) a2 + b2 = c2 + d2
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) x+ y y+z z+x
14. If = = , then find x : y : z.
5 2 x 2 3 4
4. If ( 5) × 25 =5 × 5 5 , then x is equal to

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)

 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) 6 x− 4
5 2401
x −1 x −3 15.   = , find value of x
a b 7 875
5. If   =  , then the value of x is 
b a  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
1 7
(a) (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 16. If the sum of the first 20 terms of the series
2 2
 log 71/2 x + log 71/3 x + log 71/4 x +… is 460, then x is equal to:

 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)

 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
2
6. If of A = 75% of B = 0.6 of C, then A : B : C is
3
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
(a) 2 : 3 : 3 (b) 3 : 4 : 5
2 x − 1 3x − 2 2 − x
(c) 4 : 5 : 6 (d) 9 : 8 : 10 17. Solve ≥ −  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
3 4 5

18. Evaluate the following
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
1 1
7. If log105 + log10(5x + 1) = log10(x + 5) + 1, then x is equal to: log9 + log81 + 2log6 − log12
2
4
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 10
  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) 19. Simplify ( 6a bc / 4ab c ) ÷ ( 5a −3b 2 c −1 / 3ab −2 c 3 )
−2 −3 −3 2

8. If log8p = 25 and log2q = 5, then  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)

(a) p = q15 (b) p2 = q3
20. Solve for x, |x – 1| – |x – 2| = 10
(c) p = q5 (d) p3 = q
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)

21. Solve for x : log2x – 3log1/2x = 6
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)

16 JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS should put in each box so that number of boxes is the least.
(a) 20 (b) 18 (c) 50 (d) 5
Case Study-I (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
Diwali is the biggest festival in India. People give gifts to their
loved ones and wish them “Happy Diwali”. People give different Case Study-II
types of gifts to their loved ones but most of them prefer to give In a small island community, the population is growing
sweets in gifts. Therefore, all sweet shops remain very busy on the exponentially. The current population is 10,000, and it is projected
Diwali festival in India. to double every 15 years. Additionally, the island’s resources can
One shopkeeper A prepares 396 Gulab Jamuns and 342 Ras-Gullas. support a maximum of 30,000 people.
He packs them in combination. Each container consists of either 24. Calculate the year in which the population is expected to
Gulab Jamuns or Ras-Gullas but has an equal number of pieces. reach its maximum capacity.
22. Find the number of pieces, Shopkeeper A should put in each (a) 25 years (b) 26 years
box so that number of boxes is the least. (c) 27 years (d) 23 years
(a) 12 (b) 18 (c) 20 (d) 25 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(Arjuna JEE Math M-1) 25. Assuming no intervention, calculate the year in which the
23. There is another sweets shopkeeper B beside shopkeeper population will exceed the island’s resource capacity.
A. Shopkeeper B prepares 350 Gulab Jamuns and 400 (a) 24 years (b) 23 years
Ras-Gullas. His packing follows the same rules as of (c) 22 years (d) 21 years
shopkeeper A. Find the number of pieces shopkeeper B
(Arjuna JEE Math M-1)

Prarambh (Topicwise)
BASIC CONCEPTS AND NUMBER SYSTEM 5. If x – a is a factor of x3 – a2x + x + 2, then ‘a’ is equal to
1. Let x ∈ Q, y ∈ Qc, Which of the following statement is (a) 0 (b) 2 (c) –2 (d) 1
always WRONG?  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(a) xy ∈ Qc 6. Every irrational number can be expressed on the number
(b) y/x ∈ Q, whenever defined line. This statement is
(c) 2 x + y ∈ Q (a) Always true
(d) x/y ∈ Qc, whenever defined (b) Never true
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) (c) True subject to some condition
2. If x and y are two rational numbers such that (x + y) + (x − 2y) (d) None of these
2 = 2x − y + ( x − y − 1) 6 , then:  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(a) x = 1, y = 1 7. The multiplication of a rational number ‘x’ and an irrational
(b) x = 2, y = 1 number ‘y’ is
(c) x = 5, y = 1 (a) Always rational
(d) x and y can take infinitely many values (b) Rational except when y = π
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) (c) Always irrational
3. Which of the following statement is incorrect: (d) Irrational except when x = 0
(a) rational number + rational number = rational number  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(b) irrational number + rational number = irrational number
8. If x, y are integral solutions of 2x2 – 3xy – 2y2 = 7, then value
(c) integer + rational number = rational number
of |x + y| is
(d) irrational number + irrational number = Irrational
number (a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 6 (d) 2 or 4 or 6
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
4. The number of real roots of the equation
(x − 1)2 + (x − 2)2 + (x − 3)2 = 0 is: 9. If a, b, c are real, then a(a – b) + b(b – c) + c(c – a) = 0, only if
(a) a + b + = 0 (b) a = b = c
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
(c) a = b or b = c or c = a (d) a – b – c = 0
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
Basic Maths 17
 10. If 2x3 – 5x2 + x + 2 = (x – 2) (ax2 – bx – 1), then a & b are (a) 1/2 (b) 1
respectively (c) 2 (d) 4
(a) 2, 1 (b) 2, – 1 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(c) 1, 2 (d) –1, 1/2 1
18. If logx log 18 ( 2 + 8) = . Then the value of 1000 x is
(Arjuna JEE Math M-1) equal to 3
11. The value of [e] – [– π] is, where [.] denotes greatest integer (a) 8 (b) 1/8
function. (c) 1/125 (d) 125
(a) 5 (b) 6 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(c) 7 (d) 8
19. Number of real solutions of the equation
(Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
1 1 1 1 1 log10 ( − x ) = log10 x 2 is:
12. If L     
7 8 7 6 3 8 52 5 6 (a) none (b) exactly 1
 1  2 a  2 b , then a × b is equal to (c) exactly 2 (d) 4
(a) 30 (b) 45 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(c) 8 (d) 0 20. Greatest integer less than or equal to the number
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) log2 15.log1/6 2.log3 1/6 is
13. If a, b, c are real and distinct numbers, then the value of (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
(a − b)3 + (b − c)3 + (c − a )3 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
is
(a − b)(b − c)(c − a ) log 1 a
2 3

(a) 1 (b) a b c 2 − 3log27 ( a +1) − 2a

24

21. The ratio simplifies to

7 4 log49 a − a − 1
(c) 2 (d) 3
(a) a2 – a – 1 (b) a2 + a – 1
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) 2
(c) a – a + 1 (d) a2 + a + 1
14. The remainder obtained when the polynomial
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
1 + x + x 3 + x 9 + x 27 + x81 + x 243 is divided by x – 1 is
(a) 3 (b) 5 22. If 32 log3 x – 2x – 3 = 0, then the number of values of ‘x’
(c) 7 (d) 11 satisfying the equation is
(Arjuna JEE Math M-1) (a) zero (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) More than 2
LOGARITHM AND ITS PRINCIPLE  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
PROPERTIES 23. The number log27 is
(a) an integer (b) a rational number
1 1 1
15. 1 + log a + log c + 1 + log a + log b + 1 + log b + log c (c) an irrational number (d) a prime number
b b c c a a
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
has the value equal to 24. Anti logarithm of 0.75 to the base 16 has the value equal to
1 (a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 12
(a) abc (b)
abc  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(c) 0 (d) 1
25. The sum of all the solutions to the equation
(Arjuna JEE Math M-1) 2logx – log (2x – 75) = 2:
(a) 30 (b) 350 (c) 75 (d) 200
16. log 7 log 7 7( 7 7 ) =
(Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(a) 3 log2 7 (b) 1 – 3 log37
(c) 1 – 3log72 (d) 1 – 10 log27 INEQUALITIES
(Arjuna JEE Math M-1) 2
26. If the solution set of the inequality log 0.9 log 5 ( x + 5 + x )
1 1 1 > 0 contains ‘n’ integral values, then n equals to
17. + + has the value equal to
log bc
abc log ca
abc log ab
abc (a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) 10
(Arjuna JEE Math M-1)

18 JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

 27. If log0.5 log5 (x2 – 4) > log0.51, then ‘x’ lies in the interval MISCELLANEOUS
(a) ( −3, − 5 ) ∪ ( 5, 3) (b) ( −3, − 5 ) ∪ ( 5, 3 5 ) 34. Simplify: 7 log3 5 + 3log5 7 − 5log3 7 − 7 log5 3
(c) (d) φ ( 5, 3 5 ) (a) 0 (b) 1
(Arjuna JEE Math M-1) (c) 3 (d) 4
(Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
28. Solution set of the inequality 2 − log2 (x2 + 3x) ≥ 0 is:
35. The expression x2 – y2 – z2 + 2yz + x + y – z has a factor
(a) [− 4, 1]
(b) [− 4, − 3) ∪ (0, 1] (a) x + y + z + 1 (b) –x + y + z

(c) (− ∞, − 3) ∪ (1, ∞) (c) x + y – z + 1 (d) x – y + z + 1

(d) (− ∞, − 4) ∪ [1, ∞) (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(Arjuna JEE Math M-1) 3x 4 + x 2 − 2 x − 3 5 x 4 + 2 x 2 − 7 x + 3
36. Solve the equation =
3x 4 − x 2 + 2 x + 3 5 x 4 − 2 x 2 + 7 x − 3
MODULUS FUNCTION
(a) x = 5, 2 (b) x = 4, 1
29. Solutions of |4x + 3| + |3x – 4| = 12 are
(c) x = 3, 8 (d) x = 1, 5
7 3 5 2
(a) x = − , (b) x = − , (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
3 7 2 5
37. If x, y, z are positive real number and a, b, c are rational
11 13 3 7
(c) x = − , (d) x = − , 1 1
7 7 7 5 numbers, then the value of b−a c−a
+ +
1+ x + x 1 + x + x c −b
a −b

 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) 1

is
|x2
30. If – 2x – 8| + |x2 + x – 2| = 3 |x + 2|, then the set of all real 1 + xb −c + x a −c
values of x is (a) –1 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) 2
(a) [1, 4] ∪ {–2} (b) [1, 4] (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(c) [–2, 1] ∪ [4,∞) (d) (–∞, –2] ∪ [1, 4] x
If a
38. = b,by
= 3
c and
= cz a then the value of xyz is
(Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
1 1 1 1
31. The complete set of real ‘x’ satisfying ||x – 1| – 1| ≤ 1 is: (a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 6 12
(a) [0, 2] (b) [− 1, 3]
(c) [− 1, 1] (d) [1, 3] (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(Arjuna JEE Math M-1) log a log b log c
39. If = = , then aa . bb . cc =
32. The number of real roots of the equation |x|2 – 3|x| + 2 = 0 is b−c c−a a −b
(a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 3 (b) 1
(c) 3 (d) 4 (c) 4 (d) 2
(Arjuna JEE Math M-1) (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
3 x 2 −10 x + 3
33. Number of real solution (x) of the equation | x − 3 | 40. The number of prime numbers satisfying the inequality
= 1 is x2 − 1
< 3 is
(a) exactly four (b) exactly three 2x + 5
(c) exactly two (d) exactly one (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
(Arjuna JEE Math M-1) (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)

Basic Maths 19
 Prabal (JEE Main Level)

1. If A & B are two rational numbers and AB, A + B and 9. The number of solution of log2(x + 5) = 6 – x is
A – B are rational numbers, then A/B is (a) 2 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) 1
(a) Always rational (b) Never rational  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(c) Rational when B ≠ 0 (d) Rational when A ≠ 0 10. If log102 = 0.30103, log103 = 0.47712, the number of digits
(Arjuna JEE Math M-1) in 312 × 28 is
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 10
( )
3 x
x x
2. If x = x. x , then x =
3

 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)

(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) 2
11. Exhaustive set of values of x satisfying
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
log|x| (x2 + x + 1) ≥ 0 is
( x + 2)
2
( x + 2)
2

3. The equation 4 − 9.2 + 8 =has

0 the solution (a) (–1, 0) (b) (–∞, –1) ∪ (1, ∞)
(a) x = ± 1 (b) x = 10 (c) (–∞, ∞) – {–1, 0, 1} (d) (–∞, –1) ∪ (–1, 0) ∪ (1, ∞)
(c) x = ± 2 (d) x = 3  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)

 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) 12. The set of real values of x satisfying
log1/ 2 ( x 2 − 6 x + 12 ) ≥ −2 is

4. Logarithm of 32 4 to the base 2 2 is
5

(a) 3.6 (b) 5 (c) 5.6 (d) 10

(a) ( −∞, 2] (b) [2, 4]

 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) (c) [ 4, +∞ ) (d) [3, 8]

5. If x = loga(bc), y = logb(ca), z = logc(ab), then which of the  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
following is equal to 1 13. If log0.04(x – 1) ≥ log0.2(x – 1) then x belongs to the interval
(a) x + y + z (a) (1, 2] (b) (–∞, 2]
(b) (1 + x)–1 + (1 + y)–1 + (1 + z)–1
(c) [2, ∞) (d) (–∞, 2)
(c) xyz
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(d) x + y – z
14. If log0.3(x – 1) < log0.09(x – 1), then x lies in the interval
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(a) (2, ∞) (b) (– 2, –1)
6. The solution of the equation log7 log5 ( 2
x +5+ x =)
0. (c) (1, 2) (d) (–2, 2)
(a) x = 2 (b) x = 3  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(c) x = 4 (d) x = – 2 15. The minimum value of f(x) = |x – 1| + |x – 2| + |x – 3| is
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) equal to
( 0.1+ 0.01+ 0.001+........) (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 0
7. The value of ( 0.05 )log 20
is
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
1
(a) 81 (b) 16. The set of real value(s) of p for which the equation
81
| 2x + 3 | + | 2x – 3 | = px + 6 has more than two solutions is:
1
(c) 20 (d) (a) [0, 4) (b) (– 4, 4)
20
(c) R – {4, – 4, 0} (d) {0}
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
21
..
98. 17. Let 3a = 4, 4b = 5, 5c = 6, 6d = 7, 7e = 8 and 8f = 9. The value
8. The value of log 2 .log 3 ....log100 10099 is
of the product (abcdef) is:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 100!
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) 3
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)

20 JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

 18. There are two positive solutions to the equation 1
3 27. The smallest integral value of x such that x  2  x  2 
log2x2 + log4 2x = − . The product of these two solution is: is
10
2
(a) 400 (b) 20 (c) 401 (d) 399
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
32 8 2 21
log p (log q (log r x ))
28. 10 = 1 and logq (logr (logp x)) = 0 then ‘p’ equals
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(a) rq/r (b) rq (c) 1 (d) rr/q
19. Number of real value of x satisfying the equation  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
x 12
29. Which one of the following is the smallest?
log 2 (2 x 2  2 )  is:
x2  2 (a) log10p (b) log10 π2
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 3
 1   1 
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) (c)   (d)  
 log10 π   log10 π 
20. Number of values of x satisfying the equation
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
x 4  | x |log 2 ( x 12 )
2
is:
2
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 30. The set of all solutions of the inequality (1/ 2) x − 2 x < 1/ 4
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) contains the set
(a) (–∞, 0) (b) (–∞, 1) (c) (1, ∞) (d) (3, ∞)
21. The number of zeros after decimal before the start of any
significant digit in the number N = (0.15)20 are:  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(a) 15 (b) 16 (c) 17 (d) 18 31. The value of b satisfying the equation,
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) loge2 ∙ logb625 = log1016 ∙ loge10 is
22. If n, k ∈ N, then the smallest value of k such that (a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) 10
k + 2k + 3k + ... + 24k = n3 is  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(a) 100 (b) 90 (c) 120 (d) 60 32. The solution set of the system of equation
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) 2
log3x + log3y = 2 + log32 and log27(x + y) = is:
a b c 3
23. If a, b, c ∈ R and a, b, c ≠ 0 such that    6 and (a) {6, 3} (b) {9, 6}
b c a
b c a a 3 b3 c 3 (c) {6, 12} (d) {12, 6}
   8 then 3  3  3  3 is equal to  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
a b c b c a
(a) 81 (b) 48 (c) 72 (d) 84 33. Which of the following statements are true?
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) (a) log23 < log1210 (b) log65 < log78
24. If 3x = 5y, then how many ordered pairs (x, y), x, y ∈ R satisfy (c) log326 > log29 (d) log1615 > log1011 > log76
the given equation?  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) Infinite 34. If x + y = a and x2 + y2 = b, then the value of (x3 + y3) is
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) (a) ab (b) a2 + b
25. The value of x + y + z satisfying the system of equations
3ab − a 3
log2 x + log4 y + log4 z = 2 is (c) a + b2 (d)
log3 y + log9 z + log9 x = 2 2
log4 z + log16 x + log16 y = 2  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
175 349 353 112 35. If x + y + z = 0, then a factor of the expression
(a) (b) (c) (d)
12 24 24 3 (x + y)3 + (y + z)3 + (z + x)3 is
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) (a) 3(x + y)(y + z)(z + x) (b) 3xyz
(c) (x + y – z) (d) (x – y + z)
26. Which is the correct order for a given number a, a > 1
(a) log2 a < log3 a < loge a > log10 a  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(b) log10 a < log3 a < loge a > log2 a 36. The number of real solution/s of the equation
(c) log10 a < loge a < log2 a > log3 a 9log3(logex) = loge x – (loge x)2 + 1 is:
(d) loge a < log3 a < log2 a > log10 a (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)

Basic Maths 21
 37. The set of all the solutions of the inequality log1–x (x – 2) ≥ –1 INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS
is
46. Suppose x, y, z > 0 and different than one and ln x + ln y +
(a) (–∞, 0) (b) (2, ∞) 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 + + +
(c) (–∞, 1) (d) f ln z = 0. If k = x ln y ln z ⋅ y ln z ln x ⋅ z ln x ln y . The k =
e
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
x2 − 1
38. The complete solution of ≥ 0 & x 2 − 5 x + 2 ≤ 0 is: 47. If log2 (log3 (log4 (x))) = 0 and log3 (log4 (log2 (y))) = 0 and
x+3
log4 (log2 (log3 (z))) = 0 then the sum of x, y and z is
 5 − 17 5 + 17   5 + 17   (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(a) x ∈  ,  (b) x ∈ 1, 
 2 2   2 
48. Let log2 x + log4 x + log8 x = logk x for all x ∈ R+. If k = b a
(c) x ∈ (−3, −1] (d) (–3, –1) ∪ [1, ∞) where a, b ∈ N then find the smallest positive value of
(a + b).
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
39. The number of the integral solutions of
x2 + 9 < (x + 3)2 < 8x + 25 is: 49. Find the value of the expression
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5  2 3 
6 + 6 
.
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)  log 4
(2000) 6
log 5
(2000) 
40. Number of non-negative integral values of x satisfying the  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
2 1 2x −1
inequality 2 − − ≥ 0 is log 900
x − x + 1 x + 1 x3 + 1 50. If N = 7 49 , A = 2log2 4 + 3log2 4 + 4log2 2 − 4log2 3
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
D = (log5 49)(log7 125)
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) Find
= P log  | N + A + D + 6 | − log 5 2,
N
 A− 
1  10 
41. The solution set of inequality log (3 x2 +1) 2 <
2  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(a) |x| > 1 (b) |x| < 1
51. If a + b + c = 1, + a2 b2 + c2 = 9, a3 + b3 + c3 = 1, then find
(c) f (d) None of these 1 1 1
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) value of + + .
 a b c (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
 1 
42. The solution set of log 4 + 1 + = log 3 log ( (3)1/ x + 27 ) 52. If a + b + c = 10 and ab + bc + ac = 20 then find the value
 2 x 
(a) (1/4, 1/2) (b) {1/4, 1/2} of a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(c) (1/4, 1/2] (d) None of these 53. If (a – b)3 + (b – c)3 + (c – a)3 = p(a – b)(b – c)(c – a), then p =
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
 2x − 6 
43. The solution set of log 7  >0 54. The value of 5 5 5 5......... is
 2x −1 
 1  1  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(a)  −∞,  (b)  −∞, 
 2  2
3 1
 1 1 55. If x = 7 + 5 2 − , then the value of x3 + 3x – 14
(c)  − , 
3
(d) None of these 7+5 2
 2 2
is equal to (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
−1/3 1/ 4
  1 −2  
44. If logx–3(2x – 3) is a meaningful quantity then find the 56. If   2    = 7 x then –3x =
interval in which x must lie.   7   
   (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(a) x ∈ (3, 4] ∪ (4, ∞) (b) x ∈ [3, 4) ∪ (4, ∞)
(c) x ∈ (3, 4) ∪ (4, ∞) (d) None of these 57. Number of cyphers after decimal before a significant figure
−100
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) 5
starts in   is equal to [Use: log102 = 0.3010]
4
(a 2 − b 2 )3 + (b 2 − c 2 )3 + (c 2 − a 2 )3  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
45. =
(a − b)3 + (b − c)3 + (c − a )3 58. Number of real solution of log5 [2 + log3 (x + 3)] = 0 is
(a) (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) (b) 1  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(c) 3 (d) None of these 59. If 4A + 9B = 10C, where A = log164, B = log39 & C = logx83,
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) then find x.
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)

22 JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

 Parikshit (JEE Advanced Level)
SINGLE CORRECT TYPE QUESTIONS 8. The number of positive integers not satisfying the inequality
log2(4x – 2.2x + 17) > 5.
1. The expression log p log p
p p p
.......... p p , where p ≥ 2, (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 1
  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
n radical sign

p ∈ N; n ∈ N when simplifies is 9. If a, b, c are positive real numbers such that

(a) Independent of p
a log3 7 27;
= = b log7 11 49 and
= c log11 25 11.
(b) Independent of p and of n
(c) Dependent on both p and n ( 2 2
The value of a (log3 7) + b (log7 11) + c (log11 25)
2
) equals
(d) Positive (a) 489 (b) 469 (c) 464 (d) 400
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
2
2. The solution set of the inequality log  π  ( x − 3 x + 2) ≥ 2  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
is
sin  
3 10. Find the value of x that satisfies the equation
 x1/ x  1
1  5 log  1/( x+1)  =
(a)  , 2  (b) 1, 
2   2 x  5050
(a) 1 (b) 10 (c) 100 (d) 1000
1   5
(c)  ,1 ∪  2,  (d) (1, 2)
2   2  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
11. Number of positive solution which satisfy the equation
3. If log 4 {log 3 {log 2 ( x − 2 x + a )}} is defined ∀ x ∈ R, then
2

log2x⋅log4x ⋅ log6x = log2x ⋅ log4x + log2x ⋅ log6x + log4x ⋅

the set of values of ‘a’ is
log6x?
(a) [9, ∞) (b) [10, ∞) (c) [15, ∞) (d) [2, ∞)
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) infinite
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(16)1/ x
4. Number of integers, which satisfy the inequality, x+3 > 1 12. Sum of all the real solutions of the inequality
(2 )
is equal to: ( x 2 + 2)( x 2 − 16)
(a) Infinite (b) Zero (c) 1 (d) 4 ≤ 0 is
( x 4 + 2)( x 2 − 9)
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 0
(3x − 4 x ) ⋅ ln( x + 2)
5. The solution set of inequality ≤ 0 is  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
x 2 − 3x − 4
13. The set of values of x satisfying simultaneously the
(a) (−∞, 0] ∪ (4, ∞) (b) (−2, 0] ∪ (4, ∞)
( x − 8)(2 − x)
(c) (−1, 0] ∪ (4, ∞) (d) (−2, −1) ∪ (−1, 0] ∪ (4, ∞) inequalities ≥ 0 and 2x−3 − 31 > 0 is:
 10 
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) log 0.3  (log 2 5 − 1) 
 7 
6. Number of values of x in the interval (0, 5) satisfying the
(a) singleton set
2 2
ln( x + 1 + x ) + ln( x +1 − x) (b) an empty set
equation = x, is
ln x (c) an infinite set
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 0 (d) a set consisting of exactly two elements.
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
1
10 times 14. If |x – 3|2 – 6 |x – 3| – 23 < 4, then
 1 12  2
 
7. If A = log 5   5 2   , then value of log 3
(1024A + 1), (a) x ∈ (–12, 6)
   (b) 17 integers satisfy the inequality
 
is equal to (c) 11 non-negative integers satisfy the inequality
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 2 (d) 6 negative integers satisfy the inequality
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)

Basic Maths 23
MULTIPLE CORRECT TYPE QUESTIONS 21. Choose the correct from the following
1 
1 
 + log 1 27 + log343 81 (a) log2 (log1/2 (x)) < 2, for all x ∈  , 1
15. The roots of the equation |x| = 49 
2
7 
include  16 
(a) One positive number greater than 1 only (b) log1/2 (log3 (x)) > 3, for all x ∈ (1, 31/8)
(b) Two real number (c) (log2 (x) – 1)(log3 (x) – 2) ≤ 0, for all x ∈ [2, 9]
(c) Two irrational number  1
(d) (log2 (x) – 1)(log1/2 (x) – 2) ≤ 0, for all x ∈  0,  ∪ [ 2, ∞ )
(d) One negative rational number  4
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
22. The solution set of the system of equations log3x + log3y
16. Which of the following is true?
2
(a) (log102)2 + 1 > log104 = 2 + log32 and log27(x + y) = is
3
(b) log1090 > log550 (a) (6, 3) (b) (3, 6) (c) (6, 12) (d) (12, 6)
(c) log4 log3 log2 16 > log16 4  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(d) 2(log10 3)2 –3(log10 2)2 > (log10 2) × (log10 3) 23. Consider the quadratic equation,
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) (log108)x2 – (log105)x = 2(log210)−1 − x. Which of the
17. Indicate all correct alternatives, where base of the log is 2. following quantities are irrational.
3
(log 2 x )2 + log 2 x −
5 (a) sum of the roots
The equation x 4 4 = 2 has:
(b) product of the roots
(a) At least one real solution
(c) sum of the coefficients
(b) Exactly three real solutions
(d) discriminant
(c) Exactly one irrational solution  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(d) Imaginary roots
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) COMPREHENSION BASED QUESTIONS
 2 9 
(log3 x ) − 2 log3 x + 5
Comprehension (Q. No. 24 to 26): Let α and β are the solutions
18. The equation x  
= 3 3 has
( )
log5 x −1
of the equation x = 5 where α ∈ I and β ∈ Q Then
(a) Exactly three real solution
[Use: log102 = 0.3010, log103 = 0.4771]
(b) At least one real solution
(c) Exactly one irrational solution 24. The number of significant digits before decimal in (α)10 is
(d) Complex roots (a) 13 (b) 14
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) (c) 15 (d) None of these
19. Solution set of the inequality  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)

 x3  32
2 25. Number of zeros after decimal before a significant digit in
( log 2 x ) −  log1 2  + 9 log 2  2  < 4 ( log1 2 x ) is
4 2
(β)10 is
 8  x 
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 6
(a, b) ∪ (c, d) then the correct statement is
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(a) a = 2b and d = 2c (b) b = 2a and d = 2c
(c) logcd = logba (d) there are 4 integers in (c, d) 26. The value of (β)log25 9 is
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) 1 1
(a) (b) 5 (c) (d) 9
20. Choose the correct from the following 3 5
1 3
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
81 log5 9
+3
log 6 3
  2
log 25 7
(a) − (125)log25 6  =
 ( 7) 1
409  
 
log1/5
1
 4   1 
(b) 5 2
+ log 2   + log1/ 2  6
 =
 7+ 3  (10 + 2 21) 
1
2 + log(16)
(c) 10 = 20
2

(d) None of these

 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)

24 JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

MATCH THE COLUMN TYPE QUESTIONS 29. Match the following columns:

27. Match the Column: Column-I Column-II

Column-I Column-II
A. The value(s) of x, which does not p.
satisfy the equation log22 (x2 – x) – 4
2
A.
If a = 3 ( 8+ 2 7 − 8−2 7 , ) p. −1

log2(x – 1) log2x = 1, is (are) =b (42)(30) + 36 then the value of

B. The value of x satisfying the equation q. 3 logab is equal to
log7 10log10 (8 x −3)
ln 5log5 7
2log2 e = 13, is
B. q. 1
C.  1 1  r. 4 If a = 4+2 3 − 4−2 3,
The number N=  +  is
less than  log 2 π log 6 π  =b (42)(30) + 36 then the value of
D. Let l = (log34 + log29)2 – (log34 – s. 5 logab is equal to
log3 8 log 65 5
log2 and m = (0.8) (1 + 9
9)2 )
then (l + m) is divisible by C. r. 2
If a =+
3 2 2 , b =−
3 2 2 then the
t. 6
value of logab is equal to
(a) A → r, t, s; B → q; C → r, s, q; D → q, r
(b) A → q, r, s, t; B → p; C → q, r; D → r, s D. s. 2 + 2log23
If a = 7 + 72 − 1 , b = 7 − 72 − 1 ,
(c) A → q, r, s, t; B → p; C → q, r, s, t; D → p, r, s
then the value of logab is equal to
(d) A → t; B → s; C → q, t; D → r, s
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) (a) A → s, B → p, C → q, D → p
(b) A → r, B → p, C → r, D → p
28. Match the column:
(c) A → r, B → s, C → p, D → p
Column-I Column-II
(d) A → p, B → q, C → p, D → r
A. logsin 30° (cos 60°) + 1 p. 3  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
B. log 4/3 (1.3) + 3 q. 5 30. Match the columns:

log 2 − 3 (2 + 3) + 6 Column-I Column-II

C. r. 4

D. logtan 20° tan 70° + 4 s. 2 3 2+2 3

A. If p = then log (5+ 2 6)
p is p. 0
3 2 −2 3
E. log t. 0
cot 40° tan 50°

F. log0.125 (8) + 8 u. –1 3 5+ 3
B. If r = then log 9 + 2 (1/ r ) is q. 2
G. log1.5 (0.6) + 9 v. 8 5− 3 15

H. log 2.25 (0.4) w. 7 C. r. –1

3+ 6
If t = then
I. x. 1 5 3 − 2 12 − 32 + 50
log10 (0.9)
log 3 t 2 is
(a) A → q, B → p, C → s, D → v, E → u, F → u, G → q,
H → w, I → x D. s. 1
3 2 4 3 6
(b) A → s, B → r, C → q, D → p, E → x, F → w, G → v, If k = − +
3+ 6 6+ 2 2+ 3
H → u, I → t
then loge (k + 1) is
(c) A → s, B → v, C → t, D → p, E → t, F → u, G → w,
H → x, I → w (a) A → t, B → s, C → r, D → q
(d) A → q, B → s, C → r, D → v, E → u, F → v, G → v, (b) A → s, B → r, C → q, D → p
H → w, I → x (c) A → r, B → p; C → r, D → s
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) (d) A → t, B → q, C → s, D → r
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
Basic Maths 25
 x2 − 6x + 5  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
31. Let f ( x) = 35. The sum of all integral values of x satisfying the equation
x2 − 5x + 6
4
Column I Column II 2log8(2x) + log8(x2 – 2x + 1) = is.
3
A. If − 1 < x < 1, then f (x) satisfies p. 0 < f(x) < 1  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
B. If 1 < x < 2, then f (x) satisfies q. f (x) < 0 36. If the complete solution set of the inequality
C. If 3 < x < 5, then f (x) satisfies r. f (x) > 0 1 
(log10x)2 ≥ log10x + 2 is (0, a] ∪  2 , ∞  then find the
value of 10a. a 
D. If x > 5, then f (x) satisfies s. f (x) < 1
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(a) A → p, B → q, C → q, D → s 37. If complete solution set of inequality
(b) A → q, B → s, C → r, D → q log1/2 (x + 5)2 > log1/2 (3x − 1)2 is (−∞, p) ∪ (q, r) ∪ (s, ∞)
(c) A → s, B → r; C → q, D → s  p2 + q2 + r 2 
then find 3  
(d) A → p, B → q, C → s, D → r  s2 
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)

32. Match the values of x given in Column-II satisfying the 38. Solve the equation x 0.5 log
2
x ( x −x )
= 3log9 4.
exponential equation given in Column-I (Do not verify).  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
Remember that for a > 0, the terms ax is always greater than
3x+6
zero ∀ x ∈ R. log 1 log 2
x2 + 2  −1 
39. If the solution set of (0.3) 3
> 1 is  , α  then a =
Column-I Column-II α 
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
A. 25 p. –3
x
5 − 24 =  x2 + x 
5x 40. If the solution set of log 0.5  log 6  < 0 is
 x+4 
B. (2x+1)(5x) = 200 q. –2 (a, b) ∪ (–2a, ∞) then –a + b =
C. 42/x – 5(41/x) + 4 = 0 r. –1
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
D. 22x+1 – 33(2x–1) + 4 = 0 s. 0
2
E. 2 x −1 ⋅ 4 x +1 t. 1 | x − 4 x | +3
41. If the solution set of log 3 ≥ 0 is
= 16 x2 + | x − 5 |
8 x −1
 α 1 
F. 32x+1
+ 10 +3=0 (3x) u. 2  −∞, −  ∪  , α  , then ab =(Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
 β  α 
G. 64(9x) – 84(12x) + 27(16x) = 0 v. 3 42. For the equation
H. 52x – 7x – 52x(35) + 7x(35) = 0 w. None
2
(0.4)log x +1 = (6.25) 2 − p log x
(a) A → u, B → u, C → t, D → q, v, E → p,q,r,s,t,u,v
(base 10)
F → w, G → t,u, H → s
If p = 2, let number of real roots be m,
(b) A → q, B → t, C → u, D → v, E →t,u,v F → w,
If p = 3, let number of real roots be n,
G → t,H → q
(c) A → p, B → u, C → s, D → q, E → p,q, F → s, G → u, Then m + n = (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
H→q 43. If p is the smallest value of x satisfying the equation
(d) A → q, B → s, C → r, D → s, E →q,r, F → q, G → u, 15
2x + x = 8 then the value of 4 p is equal to
H→q 2
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)

44. Positive numbers x, y and z satisfy xyz = 1081 and (log10x)

INTEGER TYPE QUESTIONS (log10yz) + (log10y)(log10z) = 468.
33. Find the number of integral solution of the equation Find the value of
log x ( x + | x − 2 |) = logx(5x – 6 + 5|x – 2|). ( log10 x ) + ( log10 y ) + ( log10 z )
2 2 2

 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
34. If a, b are co‑prime numbers and satisfying 45. If (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) are the solution of the system of
1
+
1 equation
(
log a 2 − 3 )  3 −1 
logb  
1 log225(x) + log64(y) = 4
(2 + 3)
 3 +1 
= , then (a + b) is equal to logx(225) – logy(64) = 1,
12
26 JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW
 then find the value of log30(x1y1x2y2). 50. Consider the system of equations
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) log10(2000xy) − log10x ⋅ log10y = 4
1 log10(2yz) − log10y ⋅ log10z = 1
46. Suppose n be an integer greater than 1. Let an = . and log10(zx) − log10z ⋅ log10x = 0,
log n 2002
x, y, z ≤ 90 then x + y + z =
Suppose b = a2 + a3 + a4 + a5 and c = a10 + a11 + a12 + a13  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
+ a14. Then find the value of (c – b).
51. Number of solutions of the equation:
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)  1  1
log2(4 − x) + log (4 − x) ⋅ log  x +  − 2 log 2  x +  =0
are
47. If logb a. logc a + loga b. logc b + loga c. logb c = 3 (where  2  2
a, b, c are different positive real numbers ≠ 1), then find the  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
value of a b c. 52. If x and y satisfying both the equations
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) log3 x + log2 y = 2; 3x – 2y = 23
48. If the product of alll solutions of the equation then sum of all the values of x and y is
(2009) x  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
= (2009)log x ( 2010) can be expressed in the lowest
2010 53. If the product of the positive roots of the equation
m
form as then the value of (m − n) is 2005( x)log2005 x = x 2 is pq then p + q =
n
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) 54. The solution set of
49. The complete solution set of the inequality
log 3 ( x + | =
x − 1|) log 9 (4 x − 3 + 4 | x − 1|) is
1 1
x + 1 < log ( x + 3) , is (−a, ∞), then determine ‘a’. [a, b] ∪ {g}, then ga+b =
log 4 4

 x + 2 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)

PYQ's (Past Year Questions)

INEQUALITIES Use the logic which gives answer in single digit.
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
1. Let the point (p, p + 1) lie inside the region
3. The number of real roots of the equation 5 + |2x – 1| = 2x
=E { }
( x, y ) : 3 − x ≤ y ≤ 9 − x ,0 ≤ x ≤ 3 .If the set of all
2
(2x – 2) is [10 April, 2019 (Shift-II)]
values of p is the interval (a, b). then b2 + b – a2 is equal (a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 1
to _________ [6 April, 2023 (Shift-I)]  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)

 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) LOGARITHM

2. The missing value in the following figure is 4. The number of integral solutions x of
2
 [18 Mar, 2021 (Shift-I)]  x−7 
log  7   ≥ 0 is [11 April, 2023 (Shift-I)]
 x+   2x − 3 
 2 

2 3 (a) 6 (b) 8
(c) 5 (d) 7
1 5
1 ?
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
4
24
3
6 5. If the sum of all the roots of the equation e2x – 11ex – 45e–x
12 4 81
+ = 0 is loge p, then p is equal to _________ .
2
8 7  [27 June, 2022 (Shift-I)]
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)

Basic Maths 27
 6. The number of solutions of the equation log 4 (x – 1) (c) log2 11 (d) log2 14
= log2 (x – 3) is [26 Feb, 2021 (Shift-I)]  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
10. The number of solutions of the equation log(x+1) (2x2 + 7x + 5)
 π + log(2x+5) (x+1)2 – 4 = 0, x > 0, is.
7. If for x ∈  0,  log10 sin x + log10 cos x = –1 and
 2
1  [20 July, 2021 (Shift-II)]
log10(sin x + cos= x) (log10 n − 1), n > 0 , then the value of
2  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
n is equal to: [16 March, 2021 (Shift-I)]
11. The number of distinct solutions of the equation,
(a) 16 (b) 12 (c) 9 (d) 20 log1/2|sin x| = 2 – log1/2 |cos x| in the interval [0, 2p], is
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) __________ [9 Jan, 2020 (Shift-I)]
8. The inverse of y = 5log x is: [17 March, 2021 (Shift-I)]
1 1
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
(a) x = ylog 5 (b) x = y log5
(c) x = elog5 y (d) x = 5 log y
12. Let m be the minimum possible value of log3 (3y1 + 3y2 + 3y3),
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) where y1, y2, y3 are real numbers for which y1 + y2 + y3 = 9.
9. The sum of the roots of the equation, Let M be the maximum possible value of (log3x1 + log3x2
[31 Aug, 2021 [Shift-II] + log 3 x 3 ), where x 1 , x 2 , x 3 are positive real numbers
for which x1 + x2 + x3 = 9. Then the value of log2 (m3)
( )
x + 1 − 2log 2 3 + 2 x + 2log 4 10 − 2− x =0 , is:
( ) + log3(M2) is _____. [JEE Adv, 2020]
(a) log2 12 (b) log2 13  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)

PW Challengers
1. If log4(x + 2y) + log4(x – 2y) = 1, then the minimum value of 7. Find sum of all possible natural numbers ‘n’ for which
| x | – | y | is ____. (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) 5n 2 − 7 n + 84
is divisible by 5. (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
n
3 5
2. Let a,b,c,d be positive integers and
= loga b =, log c d . If
2 4 8. The value of
a – c = 9, then b – d = (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)   
 2008 + log 1 1 1 1
 4− 4− 4− ...   is
3. Let x ∈ N such that 21+[log2(x – 2)] – x = 20. ([ . ] is G.I.F.) The   6561 
  3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 
  256 
  
smallest value of x, is (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) (where [·] is G.I.F.)
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
4. If 4 + 8 − 32 + 768 =  11π  , where a and b are
a 2 cos   9. Let a, b and c be distinct non zero real numbers such that
 b 
natural numbers then find a + b. (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) 1 − a 3 1 − b3 1 − c 3
= = . The value of 10(a3 + b3 + c3), is
a b c
5. Let r 1, r 2, r 3...r n be n positive integers, not necessarily  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
distinct, such that (x + r 1 ) (x + r 2 ) (x + r 1 )... (x + r n ) 10. Match the Column:
= xn + 56xn–1 ... + 2009 then the value of n is equal to Column-I Column-II
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1) A. Number of integral pair of the form p. 16
6. If (a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1)(d + 1) = 1 1 1 1
(x, y) satisfying + =
x y 20
(a + 2)(b + 2)(c + 2)(d + 2) = 2
is/are equal to
(a + 3)(b + 3)(c + 3)(d + 3) = 3
B. Number of positive integral q. 2
(a + 4)(b +4)(c + 4)(d + 4) = 4 solutions of the equation 3x + 5y =
Then the value of (a + 5)(b + 5)(c + 5)(d + 5) is equal to. 1008 is/are equal to

 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)

28 JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

  (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
C. Number of integers n such that r. 0
3n − 5 13. Solve the inequality |log2 x – 3| + |2x – 8| ≥ 9.
is also an integer, is/are (a) x∈ (0,1] ∪ [4, ∞] (b) x∈ (0,2] ∪ [4, ∞]
n +1
equal to (c) x∈ (0,1] ∪ [3, ∞] (d) x∈ (0,1] ∪ [2, ∞]
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
D. Number of integers n (positive, s. 67
14. Solve the inequality
negative or 0) such that n2 + 73 is
divisible by (n + 73), is/are equal to log 2 ( x12 + 3 x10 + 5 x8 + 3 x 6 + 1) < 1 + log 2 ( x 4 + 1)

t. 3  −1 + 6 −1 + 5 
(a) x ∈  − , 
 2 2 
(a) A → t; B → s; C → q; D → p  
(b) A → r; B → p; C → q; D → s  −1 + 5 −1 + 5 
(c) A → q; B → p; C → r; D → s (b) x ∈  − , 
 2 2 
 
(d) A → s; B → p; C → q; D → p
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)  −1 + 6 −1 + 6 
(c) x ∈  − , 
 2 2 
3  
11. 20 + 14 2 + 3 20 − 14 2 =
a then find the absolute value
 −1 + 7 −1 + 7 
of a – 2023. (d) x ∈  − , 
 2 2 
 
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
 (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
12. If the sum of all real numbers x and y such that the following
system of inequalities holds:
15. For what values of a, the inequality (for x)
 −x 5 
( ) ( )
−y
4 + 27 = 6 
log 1 x 2 + ax + 5 + 1 ⋅ log 5 x 2 + ax + 6 + log a 3 ≥ 0
  a
 1 

log 27 y − log 4 x ≥  is k then find 6 k.
has exactly one solution?
 6
27 y − 4 x ≤ 1   (Arjuna JEE Math M-1)
 
 

Basic Maths 29
 ANSWER KEY

CONCEPT APPLICATION
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (i) 14 (ii) 52 (iii) 194 9. [0] 10. [–224]
11. x6 – y6 12. p = 3/2, q = 1, r = 4/3 13. (d) 14. (c) 15. (b) 16. [60] 17. [99] 18. [4]

3
19. (d) 20. [2ab] 21. f 22. x = ± 23. (c) 24. x ∈ (–∞, –3) ∪ [–2, 0] ∪ [6, ∞)
5
25. x ∈ (–6, 0] ∪ [2, 3] ∪ (6, ∞) ∪ {4} 26. [6] 27. (d) 28. [1, –1] 29. [x ∈ (sin4, sin3)∪[sin1, sin2]]

30. x ∈ [1, 2] 31. {9} 32. x ∈ (2, 3]

1 2
33.  ,  34. (243) 35. [–5] 36. [18]
5 5
37. [–1] 38. (i) (1, ∞) (ii) [1, ∞) (iii) (0, 1) (iv) (0, 1] (v) (0, 1) (vi) (0, 1] (vii) (1, ∞) (viii) [1, ∞) (ix) (3, ∞) (x) [5/2, ∞)

 3 19   2 17   1 12 − 4a
39. (i) x ∈  ,  (ii) x ∈  ,  (iii) x ∈ (416 , ∞) (iv) x ∈  0,  40. {3, –3} 41. {–2, 2} 43.
2 2   3 24   2 3+ a

44. (i) 2
±
{ } 2
(ii) x = a –log52 (iii) {1/32, 2} (iv) {1} (v) {1}

47. [–1] 48. [44] 49. (d) 50. (b, c)

51. (i) {–1, 5} (ii) {–3, –1, 7, 9} (iii) (14, –4, 0, 10, 2, 8) 52. (–6, 8) 53. (d) 54. (0, 2) ∪ (4, ∞) 55. x ≥ 1
56. (i) x ∈ (–∞, 1) ∪ (1, ∞) (ii) x ∈ (–∞, –5] ∪ [5, ∞) (iii) x ∈ (–7, 7) (iv) x ∈ [–10, 10] (v) x ∈ R (vi) x ∈ φ (vii) x ∈ R
(viii) x ∈ R (ix) x ∈ φ
57. (i) x ∈ (–∞, 0) ∪ (2, ∞) (ii) 1 < x < 3 (iii) x ∈ (–2, –1) ∪ (0, 1) (iv) x ∈ [–1, 0] ∪ [1, 2] (v) –4/3 ≤ x ≤ 2 (vi) x ∈ φ

58. (i) –1 ≤ x ≤ 5 (ii) x ∈ (–∞, –3] ∪ [9, ∞) ∪ [–1, 7] (iii) x ∈ [–4, 0] ∪ [2, 8] ∪ [10, 14]

1 1   3 4  2   2 2   6 22 
59. (i) x ∈  ,  ∪  ,  (ii) x ∈  , 2  (iii) x ∈  ,  ∪  ,  (iv) x ∈ (–3, –2) ∪ (2, 3)
5 4  4 5  3  15 5   5 15 

60. (i) x ∈ {–11, –5, –1} (ii) x ∈ {–8, –6, –2, –4, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18}

61. (i) x ∈ [1, 13] (ii) x ∈ [–8, –6] ∪ [–4, 0] ∪ [2, 4] ∪ [6, 8] ∪ [10, 14] ∪ [16, 18]

62. (i) x ∈ (–2, –1] ∪ [1, 2) (ii) x ∈ (–∞, –3] ∪ (–2, –1] ∪ [3, ∞) ∪[1, 2) (iii) x ∈ (–∞, –3] ∪ [3, ∞)
(iv) x ∈ (–∞, –4] ∪ [–1, 5] ∪ [6, ∞) (v) x ∈ (–∞, –4] ∪ [6, ∞] ∪ {2}

63. (i) x ∈ [1, ∞] (ii) x ∈ (0, ∞) ∪ {–1} (iii) x ∈ (–1, 0) ∪ (0, 3) (iv) x ∈ φ (v) x ∈ (2, 6)

64. [–6, ∞)

SCHOOL LEVEL PROBLEMS

1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (b) 22. (b)
23. (a) 24. (c) 25. (c)

30 JEE (XI) Module-1 MATHEMATICS PW

PRARAMBH (TOPICWISE)
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (a)
11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (d) 14. (c) 15. (d) 16. (c) 17. (b) 18. (d) 19. (c) 20. (c)
21. (d) 22. (b) 23. (c) 24. (c) 25. (d) 26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (b) 29. (c) 30. (a)
31. (b) 32. (d) 33. (b) 34. (a) 35. (d) 36. (c) 37. (b) 38. (d) 39. (b) 40. (d)
PRABAL (JEE MAIN LEVEL)
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (c)
11. (d) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (b) 16. (d) 17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (b) 20. (d)
21. (b) 22. (b) 23. (c) 24. (d) 25. (c) 26. (c) 27. (c) 28. (a) 29. (a) 30. (d)
31. (a) 32. (a) 33. (b) 34. (d) 35. (a) 36. (b) 37. (d) 38. (b) 39. (d) 40. (d)
41. (a) 42. (b) 43. (a) 44. (c) 45. (a) 46. [3] 47. [89] 48. [75] 49. [1] 50. [2]
51. [1] 52. [400] 53. [3] 54. [5] 55. [0] 56. [1] 57. [9] 58. [1] 59. [10]

PARIKSHIT (JEE ADVANCED LEVEL)

1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (c)
11. (c) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (b, d) 16. (a, d) 17. (a, b, c) 18. (a, b, c, d) 19. (b, c) 20. (a, b, c)
21. (a,b,c,d) 22. (a, b) 23. (c, d) 24. (b) 25. (b) 26. (a) 27. (c) 28. (b) 29. (c) 30. (b)
31. (a) 32. (a) 33. [1] 34. [7] 35. [2] 36. [10] 37. [17] 38. [2] 39. [2] 40. [1]
41. [6] 42. [2] 43. [9] 44. [5625] 45. [12] 46. [1] 47. [1] 48. [1] 49. [1] 50. [7]
51. [3] 52. [5] 53. [2007] 54. [4]

PYQ's (PAST YEAR QUESTIONS)

1. [3] 2. [4] 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. [45] 6. [1] 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. [1]
11. [8] 12. [8]

PW CHALLENGERS
1. [ 3 ] 2. [93] 3. [44] 4. [50] 5. [4] 6. [29] 7. [63] 8. [2007] 9. [30] 10. (a)
11. [2019] 12. [5] 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. [2]

“Tension is who you think you

should be. Relaxation is
who you are.”
– Chinese Proverb

Basic Maths 31