Department of Computer Science & Technology

Computer Graphics (CSH310B-P)

Course: B. Tech Semester: VI

Session: 2024-25 Subject: Computer Graphics and Multimedia CSH310-P

Lab: 06 Color Filling Algorithms

Objective: To change the design and colour of the circle.
Course Outcome CO1: Statement of CO1 from course plan
Blooms Taxonomy Level: BT3, BT5

1. Draw a square and fill the color in it using flood fill

algorithm. Input:

#include <graphics.h>
#include <stdio.h>

void flood(int x, int y, int new_col, int old_col)

{
if (getpixel(x, y) == old_col) {
putpixel(x, y, new_col);
flood(x + 1, y, new_col, old_col);
flood(x - 1, y, new_col, old_col);
flood(x, y + 1, new_col,
old_col); flood(x, y - 1, new_col,
old_col);
}
}

int main()
{
int gd, gm = DETECT;

// initialize graph
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "");

// rectangle coordinate
int top, left, bottom, right;

top = left = 50;

bottom = right = 300;

// rectangle for print rectangle

rectangle(left, top, right, bottom);

// filling start coordinate

int x = 51;
 int y = 51;

// new color to fill

int newcolor = 12;

// new color which you want to fill

int oldcolor = 0;

// call for fill rectangle

flood(x, y, newcolor, oldcolor);
getch();

return 0;
}

Output:

2. Draw a circle and fill the color in it using boundary fill algorithm.

Input:
#include <graphics.h>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void boundaryFill4(int x, int y, int fill_color, int boundary_color)

{
if (getpixel(x, y) != boundary_color && getpixel(x, y) != fill_color)
{
putpixel(x, y, fill_color);
boundaryFill4(x + 1, y, fill_color, boundary_color);
boundaryFill4(x, y + 1, fill_color, boundary_color);
boundaryFill4(x - 1, y, fill_color, boundary_color);
boundaryFill4(x, y - 1, fill_color, boundary_color);
}
}

int main()
{
int gd = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "");
int x = 250, y = 200, radius = 50;

circle(x, y, radius);
boundaryFill4(x, y, 6, 15);

delay(10000);

getch();
closegraph();

return 0;
}

Output:

3. Draw 2 shapes and fill the color using 4-connected region and 8-connected region respectively.

Input:
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>

using namespace cv;

void floodFill4Connected(Mat &image, Point seed, Scalar color, Scalar newColor) {

Mat mask;
copyMakeBorder(image, mask, 1, 1, 1, 1, BORDER_CONSTANT, Scalar(0));
floodFill(image, mask, seed, newColor, 0, color, color, 4);
}

void floodFill8Connected(Mat &image, Point seed, Scalar color, Scalar newColor) {

Mat mask;
copyMakeBorder(image, mask, 1, 1, 1, 1, BORDER_CONSTANT, Scalar(0));
floodFill(image, mask, seed, newColor, 0, color, color, 8);
}

int main() {
Mat image = Mat::zeros(400, 600, CV_8UC3);

rectangle(image, Point(50, 50), Point(200, 200), Scalar(255, 255, 255), FILLED);

circle(image, Point(400, 150), 80, Scalar(255, 255, 255), FILLED);
floodFill4Connected(image, Point(100, 100), Scalar(255, 255, 255), Scalar(0, 0, 255));
floodFill8Connected(image, Point(400, 150), Scalar(255, 255, 255), Scalar(0, 255, 0));
imshow("Flood Fill Example", image);
waitKey(0);
return 0;
}
Output:
 Department of Computer Science & Technology

Course: B. Tech Semester: VI

Session: 2024-25 Subject: Computer Graphics and Multimedia CSH310-P
Lab: 07 2D Transformation
Objective: To perform 2D transformations (translation, rotation, scaling, shearing, reflection).
Course Outcome CO1: Statement of CO2 from course plan
Blooms Taxonomy Level: BT3
1. Perform various Transformations on different shapes.
a. Translation with Tx=100, Ty=200
b. Rotation anticlockwise with an angle of 90o
c. Scaling with Sx=2 and Sy=3
d. Shearing with SHx=2
e. Perform reflection along
i. X-axis
ii. Y-axis
iii. Z-axis

Input:
#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int gd = DETECT, gm;
float tx = 100.0, ty = 200.0;
float angle = 90.0;
float radians;
float sx = 2.0, sy = 3.0;
float shx = 2.0;
int i = 0, n = 3;
/* Function prototypes */
void translate(float x[], float y[], float tx, float ty);
void rotate2D(float x[], float y[]);
void scale2D(float x[], float y[]);
void shearX(float x[], float y[]);
void reflectX(float x[], float y[]);
void reflectY(float x[], float y[]);
void reflectOrigin(float x[], float y[]);
void translate(float x[], float y[], float tx, float ty) {
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
x[i] = x[i] + tx;
y[i] = y[i] + ty;
}
}
void rotate2D(float x[], float y[]) {
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
float tempX = x[i] * cos(radians) - y[i] * sin(radians);
float tempY = x[i] * sin(radians) + y[i] * cos(radians);
x[i] = tempX;
y[i] = tempY;
}
}
void scale2D(float x[], float y[]) {
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
x[i] = x[i] * sx;
y[i] = y[i] * sy;
 }
}
void shearX(float x[], float y[]) {
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
x[i] = x[i] + shx * y[i];
}
}
void reflectX(float x[], float y[]) {
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
y[i] = -y[i];
}
}
void reflectY(float x[], float y[]) {
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
x[i] = -x[i];
}
}
void reflectOrigin(float x[], float y[]) {
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
x[i] = -x[i];
y[i] = -y[i];
}
}
int main() {
float x[10], y[10];
float tx_x[10], tx_y[10];
float rot_x[10], rot_y[10];
float sc_x[10], sc_y[10];
float sh_x[10], sh_y[10];
float refx_x[10], refx_y[10];
float refy_x[10], refy_y[10];
float refO_x[10], refO_y[10];
/* Define a triangle */
x[0] = 100; y[0] = 100;
x[1] = 200; y[1] = 100;
x[2] = 150; y[2] = 200;
/* Convert angle to radians */
radians = angle * M_PI / 180.0;
/* Initialize graphics mode */
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");
/* Draw original triangle */
setcolor(WHITE);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
line(x[i], y[i], x[(i + 1) % n], y[(i + 1) % n]);
/* Translation */
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
tx_x[i] = x[i];
tx_y[i] = y[i];
}
translate(tx_x, tx_y, tx, ty);
setcolor(RED);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
line(tx_x[i], tx_y[i], tx_x[(i + 1) % n], tx_y[(i + 1) % n]);
/* Rotation */
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
rot_x[i] = x[i];
rot_y[i] = y[i];
}
rotate2D(rot_x, rot_y);
setcolor(GREEN);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
line(rot_x[i], rot_y[i], rot_x[(i + 1) % n], rot_y[(i + 1) % n]);
/* Scaling */
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
sc_x[i] = x[i];
sc_y[i] = y[i];
}
scale2D(sc_x, sc_y);
setcolor(BLUE);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
line(sc_x[i], sc_y[i], sc_x[(i + 1) % n], sc_y[(i + 1) % n]);
/* Shearing */
 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
sh_x[i] = x[i];
sh_y[i] = y[i];
}
shearX(sh_x, sh_y);
setcolor(YELLOW);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
line(sh_x[i], sh_y[i], sh_x[(i + 1) % n], sh_y[(i + 1) % n]);
/* Reflection about X-axis */
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
refx_x[i] = x[i];
refx_y[i] = y[i];
}
reflectX(refx_x, refx_y);
setcolor(MAGENTA);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
line(refx_x[i], refx_y[i], refx_x[(i + 1) % n], refx_y[(i + 1) % n]);
/* Reflection about Y-axis */
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
refy_x[i] = x[i];
refy_y[i] = y[i];
}
reflectY(refy_x, refy_y);
setcolor(CYAN);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
line(refy_x[i], refy_y[i], refy_x[(i + 1) % n], refy_y[(i + 1) % n]);
/* Reflection about Origin (Z-axis equivalent) */
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
refO_x[i] = x[i];
refO_y[i] = y[i];
}
reflectOrigin(refO_x, refO_y);
setcolor(LIGHTGREEN);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
line(refO_x[i], refO_y[i], refO_x[(i + 1) % n], refO_y[(i + 1) % n]);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}

Output:
 Department of Computer Science & Technology
Course: B. Tech Semester: VI
Session: 2024-25 Subject: Computer Graphics and Multimedia CSH310-P

Lab: 08 Composite Transformation

Objective: To implement Composite transformations
Course Outcome CO1: Statement of CO2 from course plan
Blooms Taxonomy Level: BT3
1. Perform Translation followed by Translation with Tx1 & Ty1=50 and Tx2 & Ty2=100.
2. Perform Scaling Sx=Sy=2, followed by Translation with Tx1 & Ty1=50 and Tx2 & Ty2=100.
3. Perform Translation with Tx1 & Ty1=25 and Tx2 & Ty2=55, followed by Scaling with Sx1=2 and Sy2=3.

Input:
#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int gd = DETECT, gm;
int i = 0;
int n = 3; /* Number of vertices (triangle) */
/* Original triangle coordinates */
float x_orig[3] = {100.0, 200.0, 150.0};
float y_orig[3] = {100.0, 100.0, 200.0};
/* Translation parameters */
float Tx1 = 50.0, Ty1 = 50.0;
float Tx2 = 100.0, Ty2 = 100.0;
/* Scaling parameters */
float Sx = 2.0, Sy = 2.0;
/* Temporary arrays for transformations */
float x_temp[3], y_temp[3];
float x_res[3], y_res[3];
/* Function prototypes */
void translate(float x[], float y[], float tx, float ty);
void scale2D(float x[], float y[], float sx, float sy);
void translate(float x[], float y[], float tx, float ty) {
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
x[i] = x[i] + tx;
y[i] = y[i] + ty;
}
}
void scale2D(float x[], float y[], float sx, float sy) {
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
x[i] = x[i] * sx;
y[i] = y[i] * sy;
}
}
int main() {
/* Initialize graphics mode */
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");
/* Draw original triangle */
setcolor(WHITE);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
line((int)x_orig[i], (int)y_orig[i], (int)x_orig[(i+1)%n], (int)y_orig[(i+1)%n]);
}
 /* 1. Translation by (Tx1,Ty1) then (Tx2,Ty2) */
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
x_temp[i] = x_orig[i];
y_temp[i] = y_orig[i];
}
translate(x_temp, y_temp, Tx1, Ty1);
translate(x_temp, y_temp, Tx2, Ty2);
setcolor(RED);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
line((int)x_temp[i], (int)y_temp[i], (int)x_temp[(i+1)%n], (int)y_temp[(i+1)%n]);
}
/* 2. Scaling by (Sx,Sy) then Translation by (Tx1,Ty1) and (Tx2,Ty2) */
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
x_temp[i] = x_orig[i];
y_temp[i] = y_orig[i];
}
scale2D(x_temp, y_temp, Sx, Sy);
translate(x_temp, y_temp, Tx1, Ty1);
translate(x_temp, y_temp, Tx2, Ty2);
setcolor(GREEN);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
line((int)x_temp[i], (int)y_temp[i], (int)x_temp[(i+1)%n], (int)y_temp[(i+1)%n]);
}
/* 3. Translation by (Tx1,Ty1) and (Tx2,Ty2) then Scaling by (Sx,Sy) */
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
x_temp[i] = x_orig[i];
y_temp[i] = y_orig[i];
}
translate(x_temp, y_temp, Tx1, Ty1);
translate(x_temp, y_temp, Tx2, Ty2);
scale2D(x_temp, y_temp, Sx, Sy);
setcolor(BLUE);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
line((int)x_temp[i], (int)y_temp[i], (int)x_temp[(i+1)%n], (int)y_temp[(i+1)%n]);
}
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}

Output:
 Department of Computer Science & Technology

Course: B. Tech Semester: VI

Session: 2024-25 Subject: Computer Graphics and Multimedia CSH310-P

Lab: 09 Animation using C

Objective: To perform Animation using C
Course Outcome CO1: Statement of CO2 from course plan
Blooms Taxonomy Level: BT3
1. Design an Analog clock.
Input:
#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <dos.h>
#include <math.h>
int x_end,y_end;
int gd = DETECT, gm;
int i = 0;
int x_center = 320, y_center = 240; /* Center of clock */
int radius = 200; /* Clock radius */
int sec_len = 180, min_len = 170, hr_len = 120; /* Hand lengths */
float sec_angle, min_angle, hr_angle;
struct time t;
void draw_face() {
setcolor(WHITE);
circle(x_center, y_center, radius);
for (i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
float theta = i * M_PI / 6;
int x1 = x_center + (int)(radius * cos(theta));
int y1 = y_center + (int)(radius * sin(theta));
int x2 = x_center + (int)((radius - 20) * cos(theta));
int y2 = y_center + (int)((radius - 20) * sin(theta));
line(x1, y1, x2, y2);
}
}
void draw_hand(float angle, int length, int color) {
setcolor(color);
x_end = x_center + (int)(length * sin(angle));
y_end = y_center - (int)(length * cos(angle));
line(x_center, y_center, x_end, y_end);
}
int main() {
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");
while (!kbhit()) {
gettime(&t);
sec_angle = (t.ti_sec / 60.0) * 2 * M_PI;
min_angle = ((t.ti_min + t.ti_sec/60.0) / 60.0) * 2 * M_PI;
hr_angle = ((t.ti_hour % 12 + (t.ti_min+t.ti_sec/60.0)/60.0) / 12.0) * 2 * M_PI;
cleardevice();
draw_face();
draw_hand(hr_angle, hr_len, WHITE);
draw_hand(min_angle, min_len, GREEN);
draw_hand(sec_angle, sec_len, RED);
delay(1000);
}
closegraph();
return 0;
}
Output:

2. Create an animation of a moving car.

Input:
#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <dos.h>
int gd2 = DETECT, gm2;
int x = 0, y = 350; /* Initial car position */
int i2 = 0;
void draw_car(int x_pos, int y_pos) {
/* Car body */
rectangle(x_pos, y_pos - 20, x_pos + 100, y_pos + 20);
/* Wheels */
circle(x_pos + 20, y_pos + 25, 10);
circle(x_pos + 80, y_pos + 25, 10);
/* Windows */
line(x_pos + 20, y_pos - 20, x_pos + 40, y_pos - 40);
line(x_pos + 60, y_pos - 20, x_pos + 40, y_pos - 40);
line(x_pos + 60, y_pos - 20, x_pos + 80, y_pos - 40);
}
int main() {
initgraph(&gd2, &gm2, "C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");
for (i2 = 0; i2 <= getmaxx() + 100; i2 += 5) {
cleardevice();
draw_car(i2, y);
delay(100);
}
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}

Output: