Prepared For Prepared by
Prepared For Prepared by
Prepared For Prepared by
Environmental contaminants
EXOGENOUS SOURCE
*Environmental pollutants
*Cigarette smoke
*Radiations etc.
Oxidative stress is caused mainly by
• chronic inflammation
oxidative damage of ROS
HOW DO CELLS PROTECT THEMSELVES
AGAINST OXIDANTS?
The cell convenes specific enzymic defenses against oxygen radical attack, which
can be considered preventive antioxidants. On the other hand, there exist small antioxidant
molecules, which can react with a variety of free radicals and that may be considered as
chain-breaking antioxidants.
Catalase: This enzyme is located in the peroxisomes and catalyses the following reaction:
H2O2 + H2O2 → 2H2O + O2
* Glutathione Peroxidase: The enzyme occurs in cytosol and the mitochondrial
matrix and it requires glutathione, a tripeptide present in high concentrations in most
mammalian cells. During this reaction hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is reduced to
water and glutathione (GSH) is oxidized to glutathione disulfide (GSSG).
* H2O2 + 2GSH → H2O + GSSG
catalase
glutathione peroxidase
superoxide dismutase
2 GSH
GSSG
Conclusion
Increasing evidence suggests that the generation of these
oxygen free radicals plays an important role in the
pathophysiology of at least three disease states: ischemia
reperfusion injury, phagocyte-dependent inflammatory
damage and neurodegenerative disorders as well as aging.
References
Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.
Alternative Proxies: