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    B1 Cells-Paper1 Revision: Key Concepts

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    Mrs S Baker
    This document defines key genetic concepts including DNA, genes, chromosomes, genomes, mitosis, meiosis, genetic variation, alleles, genotypes, phenotypes, dominance, and uses genetic diagrams. It explains that meiosis produces gametes with half the DNA and genetic variation, while mitosis produces identical cells. Genetic crosses are shown to introduce further variation during fertilization. Terminology around homozygous, heterozygous, dominant and recessive alleles is also defined.

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    B1 Cells-Paper1 Revision: Key Concepts

    Uploaded by

    Mrs S Baker
    23 views7 pages
    This document defines key genetic concepts including DNA, genes, chromosomes, genomes, mitosis, meiosis, genetic variation, alleles, genotypes, phenotypes, dominance, and uses genetic diagrams. It explains that meiosis produces gametes with half the DNA and genetic variation, while mitosis produces identical cells. Genetic crosses are shown to introduce further variation during fertilization. Terminology around homozygous, heterozygous, dominant and recessive alleles is also defined.

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    B1 Revision Cells

    Original Title

    B1 Cells

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    This document defines key genetic concepts including DNA, genes, chromosomes, genomes, mitosis, meiosis, genetic variation, alleles, genotypes, phenotypes, dominance, and uses genetic diagrams. It explains that meiosis produces gametes with half the DNA and genetic variation, while mitosis produces identical cells. Genetic crosses are shown to introduce further variation during fertilization. Terminology around homozygous, heterozygous, dominant and recessive alleles is also defined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    23 views7 pages

    B1 Cells-Paper1 Revision: Key Concepts

    Uploaded by

    Mrs S Baker
    This document defines key genetic concepts including DNA, genes, chromosomes, genomes, mitosis, meiosis, genetic variation, alleles, genotypes, phenotypes, dominance, and uses genetic diagrams. It explains that meiosis produces gametes with half the DNA and genetic variation, while mitosis produces identical cells. Genetic crosses are shown to introduce further variation during fertilization. Terminology around homozygous, heterozygous, dominant and recessive alleles is also defined.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    B1 Cells- Paper1 Revision

    Key Concepts
    Genetic
    information
    DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acids

    Gene – Section of DNA that


    codes for a protein

    Chromosome – made of DNA


    found inside the nucleus of cells

    Genome – entire set of genes an


    organism has
    Meiosis vs Mitosis
    • Mitosis is used to produce
    genetically identical cells
    needed in growth and repair.

    • Meiosis is used to produce


    gametes (sex cells)

    • Mitosis – making two


    • Meiosis – making eggs
    Meiosis - variation
    Four daughter cells are
    produced each has:
    • Half the DNA
    • Genetic variation

    • More variation is introduced


    when gametes from 2
    parents fuse during
    fertilisation.
    Genetic terminology
    • Allele – version of a gene (A or a)

    • Genotype – the alleles an individual has (AA, Aa or


    aa)

    • Phenotype – the physical expression of the


    genotype

    • Homozygous – both alleles are the same (AA or aa)

    • Heterozygous – two different versions (Aa)


    Genetic terminology
    • Dominant allele – Only need one
    version of the allele to be present
    in the phenotype (AA or Aa)

    • Recessive allele – Need two


    copies of the allele of the allele
    for it to be present in the
    phenotype (aa)
    Genetic diagrams
    •A A a

    A AA Aa

    a Aa aa

    What proportion of the offspring are blue?


    25% or 0.25 or 1/4

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