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    Geometric Seq and Series

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    Jay Em

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    Geometric Seq and Series

    Uploaded by

    Jay Em
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    geometric_seq_and_series.ppt

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    66 views10 pages

    Geometric Seq and Series

    Uploaded by

    Jay Em

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Digital Lesson

    Geometric Sequences
    and Series
    An infinite sequence is a function whose domain
    is the set of positive integers.
    a1, a2, a3, a4, . . . , an, . . .

    terms

    The first three terms of the sequence an = 2n2 are


    a1 = 2(1)2 = 2
    a2 = 2(2)2 = 8 finite sequence
    a3 = 2(3)2 = 18.

    Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved. 2


    A sequence is geometric if the ratios of consecutive
    terms are the same.
    2, 8, 32, 128, 512, . . .
    8 4 geometric sequence
    2
    32  4
    8
    The common ratio, r, is 4.
    128  4
    32
    512  4
    128

    Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved. 3


    The nth term of a geometric sequence has the form
    an = a1rn - 1
    where r is the common ratio of consecutive terms of
    the sequence.
    r  75  5
    15
    a1 = 15
    15, 75, 375, 1875, . . .
    a2 = a3 = a4 =
    15(5) 15(52) 15(53)

    The nth term is 15(5n-1).

    Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved. 4


    Example: Find the 9th term of the geometric sequence
    7, 21, 63, . . .

    a1 = 7 r  21  3
    7

    an = a1rn – 1 = 7(3)n – 1

    a9 = 7(3)9 – 1 = 7(3)8

    = 7(6561) = 45,927

    The 9th term is 45,927.

    Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved. 5


    The sum of the first n terms of a sequence is
    represented by summation notation.
    upper limit of summation
    n

    a  a  a
    i 1
    i 1 2  a3  a4   an

    index of lower limit of summation


    summation

     4  41
    n
    4 2
     43
     4 4
     45

     4 16  64  256 1024


    n1

     1364
    Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved. 6
    The sum of a finite geometric sequence is given by

     
    n
    Sn   a1r i 1
     a1 1  r n
    .
    i 1
    1 r

    5 + 10 + 20 + 40 + 80 + 160 + 320 + 640 = ?

    n=8
    a1 = 5 r  10  2
    5

    Sn  a1 1 
    1 r
    r n

    5 1 
    1 2
    28
     
     5 1  256  5 255  1275
    1 2 1     
    Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved. 7
    The sum of the terms of an infinite geometric
    sequence is called a geometric series.

    If |r| < 1, then the infinite geometric series

    a1 + a1r + a1r2 + a1r3 + . . . + a1rn-1 + . . .



    has the sum S   a1r 
    a1 i
    .
    i 0
    1 r

    If r  1 , then the series does not have a sum.

    Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved. 8


    Example: Find the sum of 3  1  1  1 
    3 9
    r  1
    3


    S 
    a1 
     3
     1  r 
     1  1
    3  
     3  3  3 3  9
    1 1 4 4 4
    3 3
    The sum of the series is 9 .
    4

    Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved. 9


    Graphing Utility: Find the first 5 terms of the geometric
    sequence an = 2(1.3)n. end value variable
    beginning
    value

    List Menu:

    
    10 n

    Graphing Utility: Find the sum  2 2 .


    n1
    3
    upper
    limit
    List Menu:
    variable lower
    limit

    Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company, Inc. All rights reserved. 10

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