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2007 0001Week1-EmbeddedSystems

This document provides an overview of embedded systems including: - A definition of embedded systems as hardware and software components that form part of a larger machine and are designed to run without human intervention. - Examples of embedded systems like microprocessors that control automobiles and applications in consumer electronics, medical devices, office equipment, tools, banking, transportation, buildings, agriculture, and space systems. - Microcontrollers as integrated circuits that contain a CPU along with other components like timers and I/O ports. - Details on input and output for embedded systems using sensors, actuators, and memory-mapped, port-mapped and DMA interfaces.

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Sunil Kumar
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73 views

2007 0001Week1-EmbeddedSystems

This document provides an overview of embedded systems including: - A definition of embedded systems as hardware and software components that form part of a larger machine and are designed to run without human intervention. - Examples of embedded systems like microprocessors that control automobiles and applications in consumer electronics, medical devices, office equipment, tools, banking, transportation, buildings, agriculture, and space systems. - Microcontrollers as integrated circuits that contain a CPU along with other components like timers and I/O ports. - Details on input and output for embedded systems using sensors, actuators, and memory-mapped, port-mapped and DMA interfaces.

Uploaded by

Sunil Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EMBEDDED

SYSTEMS
• Textbook:
• T. Bräunl Embedded Robotics, Springer
2003
Plan of class
• Week 1:
– Servo programming
– Evolutionary algorithms
• Week 2:
– Humanoid Robots
– Models of robotics
• Mapping, grammars, automata, probabilistic,
Braitenberg Vehicles, natural language, logic
based learning.
What in class?
1.1 Definition
• Definition for: embedded system
• A combination of hardware and software which together
form a component of a larger machine.

• An example of an embedded system is a microprocessor


that controls an automobile engine.

• An embedded system is designed to run on its own


without human intervention, and may be required to
respond to events in real time.

• Source: www.computeruser.com/resources/dictionary
Applications
Areas
• TV
• stereo
Application Areas
• remote control
• phone / mobile phone
• refrigerator
• microwave
• washing machine
• electric tooth brush
• oven / rice or bread cooker
• watch
• alarm clock
• electronic musical instruments
• electronic toys (stuffed animals,handheld toys, pinballs, etc.)
• medical home equipment (e.g. blood
pressure, thermometer)
•…
• [PDAs?? More like standard computer system]

Consumer Products
Application Areas
• Medical Systems
– pace maker, patient monitoring systems, injection systems,
intensive care units, …
• Office Equipment
– printer, copier, fax, …
• Tools
– multimeter, oscilloscope, line tester, GPS, …
• Banking
– ATMs, statement printers, …
• Transportation
– (Planes/Trains/[Automobiles] and Boats)
• radar, traffic lights, signalling systems, …
Application Areas
• Automobiles
– engine management, trip computer, cruise
control, immobilizer, car alarm,
– airbag, ABS, ESP, …
• Building Systems
– elevator, heater, air conditioning, lighting, key
card entries, locks, alarm systems, …
• Agriculture
– feeding systems, milking systems, …
• Space
– satellite systems, …
Application Areas

• Facts:
– 1997: The average U.S. household has over 10
embedded computers (source: www.it.dtu.dk/~jan)
• 1998: 90% Embedded Systems vs. 10%
Computers
– (source: Frautschi, www.caliberlearning.com)
• 2001: The Volvo S80 has 18 embedded
controllers and 2 busses (source: Volvo)
Automobiles
Microcontrollers
Microcontrollers

• Microprocessor
– CPU (on single chip)
• Microcontroller
• CPU + Timers + I/O (+RAM) (+ROM)
• Reduced chip count for board design
• Embedded system
• Today’s Technology:

– Surface Mount Device (SMD)


– Ball Grid Array (BGA)
Input and Output
• Required to communicate with outside world
• PC System:
– Keyboard
– Monitor
– Parallel port (printer port)
– Serial port + USB
• Embedded System:
– Sensors (e.g. in automobile: acceleration sensor, seat
sensor)
– Actuators (e.g. in automobile: valves for airbags)
Input and Output
• Input / output device implementation can
be:
• • Memory-mapped
• • I/O mapped (ports)
• • DMA (direct memory access)

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