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    Membrane, Cell Wall and Cytoplasm

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    jiunie_lsj
    The document summarizes the structure and functions of cell membranes, cell walls, and cytoplasm. It describes the phospholipid bilayer structure of the cell membrane and its role in regulating what enters and exits the cell. It also details the multiple layered structure of plant cell walls, composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, which provide structure and protection. Finally, it defines the cytoplasm as the jelly-like substance within the cell membrane that contains organelles and the cytosol.

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    Membrane, Cell Wall and Cytoplasm

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    jiunie_lsj
    15 views19 pages
    The document summarizes the structure and functions of cell membranes, cell walls, and cytoplasm. It describes the phospholipid bilayer structure of the cell membrane and its role in regulating what enters and exits the cell. It also details the multiple layered structure of plant cell walls, composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, which provide structure and protection. Finally, it defines the cytoplasm as the jelly-like substance within the cell membrane that contains organelles and the cytosol.

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    The document summarizes the structure and functions of cell membranes, cell walls, and cytoplasm. It describes the phospholipid bilayer structure of the cell membrane and its role in regulating what enters and exits the cell. It also details the multiple layered structure of plant cell walls, composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, which provide structure and protection. Finally, it defines the cytoplasm as the jelly-like substance within the cell membrane that contains organelles and the cytosol.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    15 views19 pages

    Membrane, Cell Wall and Cytoplasm

    Uploaded by

    jiunie_lsj
    The document summarizes the structure and functions of cell membranes, cell walls, and cytoplasm. It describes the phospholipid bilayer structure of the cell membrane and its role in regulating what enters and exits the cell. It also details the multiple layered structure of plant cell walls, composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, which provide structure and protection. Finally, it defines the cytoplasm as the jelly-like substance within the cell membrane that contains organelles and the cytosol.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Membrane, Cell Wall and

    Cytoplasm
     Structure of cell wall
    Describe the structure, functions and
    distribution of cell wall and organelles
    Cell membrane
    a)The cell membrane (also called the plasma membrane or
    plasmalemma) is the biological membrane separating the interior
    of a cell from the outside environment

    b)Characteristics of cell membrane


    • It is a semipermeable lipid bilayer found in all cells
    • Contains biological molecules, primarily proteins and lipids
    • Organelles such as the golgi apparatus ,endoplasmic
    reticulum, centrioles, cilia, lysosomes and flagellum are
    bounded by a membrane
    C)Structure of cell membrane
    • Structure of plasma membrane
    1) phospholipids bilayer
    2) proteins molecules.

    • Phospholipid bilayer is an amphipatic molecule.


    ~ hydrophilic head region (attached to water)
    ~ hydrophobic tail region(repelled by water).
     
     
     
                                 

    Diagram of the arrangement of amphipathic lipid molecules to form


    a lipid bilayer. The yellow polar head groups separate the grey
    hydrophobic tails from the aqueous cytosolic and extracellular
    environments.
    Fluid Mosaic Model
    • Carbohydrate molecules attach to
    ~ protein molecules forming glycoprotein
    ~ phospholipids molecules forming glycolipid.

    • Cholesterol molecules
    ~ are found in cell membrane of animals.
    ~ inserted among phospholipids molecules.(limit the free movement
    of phospholipids molecules especially at high
    temperature. This stabilizes the structure of the membrane).

    • Globular proteins
    1) Intrinsic protein
    -Fully or partially submerged in the phospholipid bilayer.
    -Hydrophobic groups of intrinsic proteins are usually situated within
    the phospholipid bilayer with their hydrophilic.
    2) Extrinsic protein
    -Are found floating on the internal and external surfaces of the
    phospholipid bilayer.
    d) Functions of plasma membrane
    • Membranes of organelles protects the organelles.

    • The cell membrane surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell


    ~In animal cells, separates the intracellular components
    from the extracellular environment

    • The cell membrane is selectively permeable


    ~ regulate what enters and exits the cell, thus facilitating the
    transport of materials needed for survival
    Cell wall
    a) Structure of cell wall
    1) The cell wall has a thickness ranging from o.1µm to several µm.
    2) Non-living component which located outside the cell
    membrane.
    3) The main structural components of cell wall are bundles of cellulose
    molecules known as microfibrils
    4) The cellulose microfibrils are cemented and held together by a
    matrix of pectin and hemicellulose
    5)Cell walls consist of 3 types of layers

    Layer of cell walls Characteristics


    Middle lamella ~ first layer formed during cell division.
    ~ makes up the outer wall of the cell and is shared by
    adjacent cells
    ~ pectic compounds and protein.

    Primary wall ~ formed after the middle lamella


    ~ rigid skeleton of cellulose microfibrils embedded
    in a gel-like matrix (pectic , hemicellulose , and
    glycoproteins )

    Secondary wall ~ formed after cell enlargement


    ~ rigid and provides compression strength
    ~ made of
    a) cellulose c) lignin
    b) hemicellulose
    ~ Plasmodesmata are found in cell walls connecting
    cytoplasm of neighbouring cells.
    b) Function of cell wall
    Provide tensile strength and limited plasticity .
     keeping cells from rupturing from turgor pressure -
    (provide support for the non-woody tissue)
    Thick walled cells - provide mechanical support

    Provide mechanical protection from insects & pathogens


    Cytoplasm
    ~ Jellylike substance contained within the plasma membrane.
    ~ It is made up of two parts
    1) cytosol( cytoplasmic solution)
    2) cell organelles

    ~ Cytosol
    * semi-fluid portion of the cytoplasm that remains after all
    * cell organelles and solids, such as food particles are removed by
    centrifugation.(separates of mixture using centrifugal force).
    Animal Cell
    Plant Cell
    Organelles
    ~ Organelles are bounded within the plasma membrane.
    ~ Several formed bodies that carry out specific functions in the cells.
    ~ Example of organelles
    1) Nucleus
    2) Ribosomes
    3) Rough endoplasmic recticulum
    4)smooth endoplasmic recticulum
    5) Mitochondria
    6) Golgi Apparatus
    7) Chloroplasts
    8) Centrioles
    9) Vacuoles
    10) Microtubules
    THE END

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