Load Flow Simulation of 7-Bus-Ieee Network: Its Application in 400Kv Grid Network of Msetcl System
Load Flow Simulation of 7-Bus-Ieee Network: Its Application in 400Kv Grid Network of Msetcl System
Load Flow Simulation of 7-Bus-Ieee Network: Its Application in 400Kv Grid Network of Msetcl System
7-BUS-IEEE NETWORK
&
ITS APPLICATION IN 400kV GRID
NETWORK OF MSETCL SYSTEM
2010
AIM Of The project …….
In
To determine the POWER FLOW SIMULATION USING
IEEE-7 BUS NETWORK & ITS APPLICATION IN 400 KV
GRID NETWORK OF MSETCL(Maharashtra State
Electricity Transmission Co Ltd) SYSTEM USING
POWER WORLD SIMULATOR
system loading
o optimum system running condition and load distribution
losses
o starting point of other studies such as fault analysis and
stability analysis
What is already known /
What has to be calculated
1. Network
Electric values for components and the equivalent circuits are
known
2. Loads
known: active and reactive power (P,Q)
calculated: absolute value and angle of voltage (U,δ)
3. Generators
known: active power and terminal voltage (P,U)
calculated: reactive power and voltage angle (Q, δ)
Balance between generation and consumption
Losses are not known ⇒ information required
4. Reference point (e.g. connection to the transmission grid of
North Sweden)
known: absolute value and angle of voltage (U, δ)
calculated: active and reactive power (P, Q) (may change freely)
5. Boundary conditions
Reactive power limits of the generator Qmin and Qmax
How to analyze power flow in
power Network
Advance
Calculated difference between Scheduled &calculated powers
Iteration count
k+1k
Equal
Replace epk by T est for convergence Calculate line flows and
epk+1and fpk by Or less power flows
fpk+1 where Greater
p=1,2….n&p!=s
Calculate Bus currents
Calculate elements for jacobian
46 MW 46 MW 57 MW 57 MW 80 MW
A A
30 Mvar
1.05 pu MVA 1.00 pu MVA
3 4
1 1.00 pu
49 MW 96 MW 48 MW 150 MW 38 MW
AGC ON 40 Mvar
A
A
100% A
107 MW
MVA A
MVA
MVA
MVA AGC ON
48 MW
7 MW
49 MW A
38 MW
1.04 pu MVA
73 MW 1.02 pu
74 MW
2 5
40 MW 50 MW 130 MW
0 MW
20 Mvar 40 Mvar
A
A 150 MW AGC ON
MVA
MVA
0 MW 50 MW
25 MW A 25 MW
1.04 pu MVA 1.04 pu
6 25 MW 7
A 25 MW
MVA
200 MW 200 MW
sla ck
0 Mvar 0 Mvar
250 MW AGC ON 200 MW AGC ON
Table 1.0
Areawise Generation & Loads in MegaWatts
1 1 Top PV
2 2 Top PV
3 3 Top PQ
4 4 Top PV
5 5 Top PQ
6 6 Left PV
7 7 Right Slack
Bus types
COMMENTS
Above shows Bus-wise Per unit voltages ,Nominal and actual voltages of the system
.Magnitude of the voltage and phase angle works out by powerworld .
After simulation , Low voltage problem observed at Bus 3 , there is no any generator as well
reactive compensation available in the system that’s why voltage at this bus found low as
compared to other buses .
Power Transfer & MW ,Mvar Losses
From above Table it shows 7-Bus load flow study .It gives the loading on the lines in terms of MW and
Mvar also line loss in terms of MW and Mvar Some of the observations of Load flow study is as follows:
Line flow between line2-5 is 73.5 Mw whereas line2-6 found in floating condition .This line connected
between Top & Left area. Bus 6 is generator bus .Load and generation balanced at this bus .
Line 6-7 double circuit connected to Left & Right area carrying 50 Mw Load & transfer the same load to
Bus 5 through Line 7-5 .Actual load at bus 5 is 130 Mw. In which 73.0 MW power transferred from Line
2-5 , 50 MW from line 7-5 & remaining 7 Mw from Line 4-5 . Such type of
Power flow study is possible only after simulation of power flows
Conclusion
Output of the Load flow studies shows that Buswise Voltage, Active Generation
in MW ,Active Load MW ,Reactive Loads in Mvar ,MVA Loading .Also Shows
the Generator connected to particular Buses. As per Kirchoffs law ,total Load at
the Bus clearly applicable from above Load flow study. Buswise connected lines
with Line loads in MW & Mvar , is the output from Above simulation. Bus 7 is
SLACK Bus consider in above simulation .From which we can find out the
losses in the Network . Also find out the overloading of lines easily so as to
provide reactive compensation at particular location of the system
CASE: SIMULATION of LINE OUTAGE ON TIE-LINE CIRCUITS
49 MW A
49 MW 49 MW 49 MW 80 MW
A
81% 30 Mvar
1.05 pu MVA 1.00 pu MVA
3 4
1 1.00 pu
47 MW 96 MW 52 MW 150 MW 44 MW
AGC ON 40 Mvar
A A
97% A
107 MW
MVA A
MVA
MVA
MVA AGC ON
53 MW
21 MW
47 MW A
1.04 pu
44 MW 119% 0.98 pu
110 MW MVA 109 MW
2 5
40 MW 0 MW 130 MW
50 MW
20 Mvar 40 Mvar
A 150 MW AGC ON
50 MW
MVA
0 MW
0 MW A 0 MW
1.04 pu MVA 1.04 pu
6 0 MW 7
A 0 MW
MVA
200 MW 200 MW
sl a ck
0 Mvar 0 Mvar
250 MW AGC ON 200 MW AGC ON
Simulation output
OUTAGE ON Tie Line 5 to Line7
6 138 1.04 143.52 143.52 3.18 -0.01 200 0 -10.89 -11.57 250
1 2 1 49.4 46.6 -11 -10.8 47.9 0.12 0.11 -53.37 -53.49 Closed
1 3 1 46.1 49.2 18.4 18.5 52.6 0.47 0.52 0.36 1.01 Closed
2 5 1 73.5 109.9 14.3 45.6 119 0.52 1.32 3.1 12.81 Closed
3 4 1 -56.8 -49.1 -2.5 -3.7 49.3 0.08 0.06 -1.02 -1.27 Closed
4 5 1 7.4 21.5 -10.6 3.5 21.8 0.02 0.1 -4.8 -3.72 Closed
Step2: Impedances given in fig is in ohm per km,so we have to multiply that
by the distance between two buses. so the required impedance is obtained
Step3: In the same way suspetance I.e.b/2 is also given in mho/km and
multiplied by distance in km between two buses
i) The per unit value of any quantity is defined as =The actual value in any
unit / the base or reference value in the same unit
ii) Per unit impedance(z pu)=Z(ohm)x (MVA)B/(KV)2B
8-Bus MSETCL SYSTEM
NETWORK IN POWERWORLD
179 MW
84 Mvar
126%
MW MVA
-10 Mvar
0.98 pu 1 BHSWL2 3 KORADI 1.00 pu 4 CHANDRAPUR 1.00 pu
8 MW 39 MW 58 MW
34 Mvar A
A
MVA
A
A
-242 MW
195 MW MVA
MVA 92 Mvar
A
MVA 144%
MW
38 MW
A
8 MW 182 MW
MVA A
267%
A
6 M v ar 267% MW
0.99 pu MW
A
2 6 7 %267%
A
A
5 PARLI
MW
MW
83%
2 AKOLA MW
8 SOLAPUR 0.98 pu
46 MW 246 MW
3 Mvar 143 MW 136 Mvar
332 MW A 332 MW
83% 270
1.02 pu MW 1.01 pu
6 BHILAI 7 BHADRAVATI
454 MW 122 MW
Bus Mismatches
Area Mismatch
Number Name Name Type MW
1 Bhusawal Top PQ 0
2 AKOLA Top PQ 0
3 KORADI Top PV 0
5 PARLI Top PQ 0
8 SOLAPUR Top PQ 0
LINE Characteristics of 8-bus MSETCL System
Line
Resista Reactan Char
From Number From Name To Number To Name Circuit Status nce ce ging
Power Flow Simulation 8-Bus 400 Kv MSETCL
% of
MVA
MW MVA Lim Limit Mvar
From Name To Name Circuit From Mvar From From MVA (Max) MW Loss Loss
Bus Records
Area Nom Volt Angle Load Load Gen Gen
Number Name Name kV PU Volt (kV) (Deg) MW Mvar MW Mvar
COMMENTS
It Shows Buswise nominal Voltage in terms of 400 Kv . Load connected to the buses in terms of Active load
& Reactive loads. Subsequently Generators also connected to the Buses 3,4 ,6 & 7
After simulation of 8-Bus data in Powerworld ,output shown in terms of p.u. voltages & load angle
accordingly. In above case Voltage at Bhusawal Bus ,Parly & Solapur Bus found low as compared to other
buses .This is due to Load buses .no generator is connected to the particular buses.
Voltage at Koradi & Chandrapur found in good limits due to Generator buses as well a number of lines
connected to this buses. Angle in deg indicates the stability angle.
Conclusion
For the calculation of powerflow it is must to find out the impedance between two
buses
The solution to the power flow problem begins with identifying the known and
unknown variables in the system. The known and unknown variables are
dependent on the type of bus
The most popular is known as the Newton-Raphson Method. This method begins
with initial guesses of all unknown variables (voltage magnitude and angles at
Load Buses and voltage angles at Generator Buses).
When Load flow is analysed for 7-buses & 8-buses,Voltage Magnitude is less in
PQ buses than PV ,but Voltage angle is large in PQ buses and less in PV
.Number of iterations are required, when 1 Slack & all PQ Seven number of
iterations are required
No Power Mismatch.This conclude that in the Power System there should be one
slack bus,20% PV buses and 80% PQ buses present in the System
The great importance of power flow or load-flow studies is in the planning the
future expansion of power systems as well as in determining the best operation of
existing systems. The principal information obtained from the power flow study is
the magnitude and phase angle of the voltage at each bus and the real and
reactive power flowing in each line
FUTURE SCOPE & ITS APPLICATIONS
Load Flow Analysis is the most frequently performed system studies by electric
utilities which also performed steady state operating condition of a power
system .This information is essential for long terms planning and Operational
planning
The load flow analysis can be performed by using various tool boxes such as
DSP,ANN and also by using FACTS devices.Load Flow analysis become more
simple and accurate when we simulate it by using ETAP and SKM software. By
using above method Load Flow Analysis is simple,easy,accurate and require less
iterations.
Load Flow analysis in power system plays a vital rolebecause Load flow study is
the starting point of various studies such as transient analysis,stability analysis
etc. Load Flow programs are very useful to study Abnormal disturbance
conditions. This involves transient faults,permanent faults etc due to sharp rise
in system demand Voltage collapse usually studied as a steady state problem
using conventional or extended power flow programs
Load Flow analysis is also useful for the load forecasting. Load forecasting is by
knowing present day or past loading conditions, on the basis of that we can
predict future demand conditions. On the basis of that Load despatcher daily
performed Generation schedule for optimum utilisation of Resources
Part of the Network of MSETCL System considered for Practical load flow
studies in our project
REFERENCES
PAPERS
Stott,B. ‘ Review of load Flow Calculation Method’ IEEE,July
1974,916
Harold Wood in reviewing Tinnney and Harts paper in “power
flow by Newtons Method” IEEE Trans Power App Syst
Vol86,Nov 1967
BOOKS
George L kusic ,Computer aided power system analysis,second
edition ,prentice HALL India
Glean W.Stagg,Computer method in power system analysis
Powerworld Simulator,Powerworld Corporation
Nagrath I.J. and D.P. kothari ,modern power system Analysis
C.L.Wadhwa,Electrical power system
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