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    Primary & Secondary Sources of History

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    aena park
    The document discusses primary and secondary historical sources. It defines primary sources as original materials that provide firsthand evidence about events or time periods. Examples include documents, artifacts, eyewitness accounts, and original creative works. Secondary sources are interpretations and analyses created after the fact that discuss, summarize, or build upon primary sources. Historians use both primary and secondary sources in their research, but primary sources are considered more authoritative since they provide original evidence.

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    Primary & Secondary Sources of History

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    aena park
    658 views29 pages
    The document discusses primary and secondary historical sources. It defines primary sources as original materials that provide firsthand evidence about events or time periods. Examples include documents, artifacts, eyewitness accounts, and original creative works. Secondary sources are interpretations and analyses created after the fact that discuss, summarize, or build upon primary sources. Historians use both primary and secondary sources in their research, but primary sources are considered more authoritative since they provide original evidence.

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    Primary & secondary sources of history

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    The document discusses primary and secondary historical sources. It defines primary sources as original materials that provide firsthand evidence about events or time periods. Examples include documents, artifacts, eyewitness accounts, and original creative works. Secondary sources are interpretations and analyses created after the fact that discuss, summarize, or build upon primary sources. Historians use both primary and secondary sources in their research, but primary sources are considered more authoritative since they provide original evidence.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    658 views29 pages

    Primary & Secondary Sources of History

    Uploaded by

    aena park
    The document discusses primary and secondary historical sources. It defines primary sources as original materials that provide firsthand evidence about events or time periods. Examples include documents, artifacts, eyewitness accounts, and original creative works. Secondary sources are interpretations and analyses created after the fact that discuss, summarize, or build upon primary sources. Historians use both primary and secondary sources in their research, but primary sources are considered more authoritative since they provide original evidence.

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    of 29

    UNDERSTANDING

    HISTORICAL SOURCES
    Understanding Sources
    • Gottschalk, in his work discusses the importance of sources for
    historian’s work:
    1. The historian, however, has to use many materials that are not
    in books. He can go to the museums, go to the archives,
    courthouses, government libraries and etc. He need to look for
    the materials who has bearing in order for him to bridge the gap
    and find answers on the matter that he/she was looking for. The
    more relevant sources the more proper way of writing history to
    enhance and disseminate national identity.
    What are the two Types of Historical
    Sources?

    Historical facts/data are obtained


    from both Primary and
    Secondary Sources:
    Primary Sources

    • Provides direct or firsthand evidence about an event, object, person, or


    work of art. 
    • provide the original materials on which other research is based and enable
    students and other researchers to get as close as possible to what actually
    happened during a particular event or time period.
    • Primary sources can be written or non-written (sound, pictures, artifacts,
    etc.).  In scientific research, primary sources present original thinking,
    report on discoveries, or share new information.
    Primary Sources

    •Historians use the term primary source to


    describe all sources that are original. Primary
    sources provide firsthand information that is
    closest to the object of study. 
    Examples of primary sources:

    • Autobiographies and memoirs


    • Diaries, personal letters, and correspondence
    • Interviews, surveys, and fieldwork
    • Internet communications on email, blogs, and newsgroups
    • Photographs, drawings, and posters
    • Works of art and literature
    • Books, magazine and newspaper articles and ads published at the time
    • Public opinion polls
    • Speeches and oral histories
    Examples of primary sources:

    • Original documents (birth certificates, property deeds, trial transcripts)


    • Research data, such as census statistics
    • Official records of organizations and government agencies
    • Artifacts of all kinds, such as tools, coins, clothing, furniture, etc.
    • Audio recordings, DVDs, and video recordings
    • Government documents (reports, bills, proclamations, hearings, etc.)
    • Patents
    • Technical reports
    • Scientific journal articles reporting experimental research results
    Types of Primary Sources

    Literary or cultural sources:


    •novels, plays, poems (both published and in
    manuscript form)
    •television shows, movies, or videos
    •paintings or photographs
    Types of Primary Sources
    Accounts that describe events, people, or ideas:
    • newspapers
    • chronicles or historical accounts
    • essays and speeches
    • memoirs, diaries, and letters
    • philosophical treatises or manifestos
    Types of Primary Sources

    Finding Information about people:


    •census records
    •obituaries
    •newspaper articles
    •biographies
    Types of Primary Sources
    Finding information about organizations:
    • archives (sometimes held by libraries, institutions,
    or historical societies)
    • search Library Catalog Search or WorldCat using
    the name of the organization as an author
    Types of Primary Sources
    Finding information about a place:
    • maps and atlases
    • census information
    • statistics
    • photographs
    • city directories
    • the local library or historical society
    Secondary Sources

    • Describe,
    discuss, interpret, comment upon, analyze, evaluate,
    summarize, and process primary sources.
    • Generally one or more steps removed from the event or time
    period and are written or produced after the fact with the
    benefit of hindsight. 
    • Often lack the freshness and immediacy of the original material. 
    • Secondary sources will collect, organize, and repackage primary
    source information to increase usability and speed of delivery,
    such as an online encyclopedia.
    Secondary Sources
    •A secondary source is a source that
    provides non-original or secondhand
    data or information. 
    Examples of secondary sources:

    • Bibliographies
    • Biographical works
    • Reference books, including dictionaries, encyclopedias, and
    atlases
    • Articles from magazines, journals, and newspapers after the
    event.
    • Literature reviews and review articles (e.g., movie reviews, book
    reviews)
    Examples of secondary sources:

    • History books and other popular or scholarly


    books
    • Works of criticism and interpretation
    • Commentaries and treatises
    • Textbooks
    • Indexes and abstracts
    Secondary Sources
    •Secondary sources are usually based on
    primary sources. Historians typically use
    these secondary resources to get a
    better understanding of a topic and to
    find further primary and secondary
    sources on a topic. 
    Questions to ask yourself to help you determine whether a source is
    primary or secondary, there are some simple questions you can ask
    yourself:
    • Was the source created at the time and/or location of the event or time period?
    (e.g. a photograph of the moon landing)
    • Was the person who created the source directly involved in the event or time
    period
    • Does the source provide an outlet for persons who were directly involved in the
    event or time period to share their story?
    • Is the source a piece of art, a work of literature, a film created by or starring your
    subject of study, or a photograph?
    • Is the source a legal document, an original collection of data or statistics, or a
    personal communication?
    .If the answer to any of these questions is yes, then it’s most likely a primary source
    Which Type of Sources Carry a Greater Weight?
    Primary Source or Secondary Source?
    •In general, primary sources are
    considered more credible and
    authoritative. They report actual
    evidence, and evidence cannot be
    wrong.
    Take note:
    •A book is simply a format.  You can find both
    primary and secondary sources published in book
    form.
    • Secondary sources are interpretations and
    analyses based on primary sources.
    • For example, an autobiography is a primary
    source while a biography is a secondary source.

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