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    Week 13 Cryptography

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    kimberly duero
    The document discusses cryptography and encryption/decryption methods using the Caesar cipher and modulo operator. It provides examples of encrypting messages using a shift of 3 or 5 and a key of 5 or 8 with the Caesar cipher and modulo operator. It demonstrates how to encrypt messages by shifting letters and decrypt encrypted messages by shifting in the opposite direction.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Week 13 Cryptography

    Uploaded by

    kimberly duero
    153 views16 pages
    The document discusses cryptography and encryption/decryption methods using the Caesar cipher and modulo operator. It provides examples of encrypting messages using a shift of 3 or 5 and a key of 5 or 8 with the Caesar cipher and modulo operator. It demonstrates how to encrypt messages by shifting letters and decrypt encrypted messages by shifting in the opposite direction.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document discusses cryptography and encryption/decryption methods using the Caesar cipher and modulo operator. It provides examples of encrypting messages using a shift of 3 or 5 and a key of 5 or 8 with the Caesar cipher and modulo operator. It demonstrates how to encrypt messages by shifting letters and decrypt encrypted messages by shifting in the opposite direction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    153 views16 pages

    Week 13 Cryptography

    Uploaded by

    kimberly duero
    The document discusses cryptography and encryption/decryption methods using the Caesar cipher and modulo operator. It provides examples of encrypting messages using a shift of 3 or 5 and a key of 5 or 8 with the Caesar cipher and modulo operator. It demonstrates how to encrypt messages by shifting letters and decrypt encrypted messages by shifting in the opposite direction.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 16

    Week

    13

    CRYPTOGRAPHY
    ENCRYPTING AND DECRYPTING MESSAGES USING
    CEASAR CIPHER AND MODULO OPERATOR

    NORA G. YULO, MATM 111 Instructor


    Week

    13

    CRYPTOGRAPHY
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-2eh66-IIk

    Nora G. Yulo , MATM 111 Instructor


    Week

    CRYPTOGRAPHY 13
    The word CRYPTOGRAPHY originated from two greek words,
    “krypto” which means hidden and “graphene” which means
    writing. It is the making or breaking of secret codes. It uses two
    processes namely:
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-2eh66-IIk
    1.) ENCRYPTION – the process of transforming plain text into
    code form using a certain algorithm.
    Example: Math is fun (plain text) ----- original message
    PDWK LV IXQ (coded form) ----- Cipher text

    2.) DECRYPTION – the process of converting back the coded


    message into plain text.
    Week

    CRYPTOGRAPHY 13
    *KEY – refers to the strings of information that is used to reveal
    the encrypted message into readable form.

    Methods of Cryptography:
    1.) Shift Cipher (Ceasar Cipher)
    2.) Using a Modulo Operator

    SHIFT CIPHER – the simple type of substitution cipher. It uses


    shift informing the key of cryptography.
    Example 1: Using the key of shift of 3 to the right, encrypt the
    word “CRYPTOGRAPHY.”
    Week

    CRYPTOGRAPHY 13
    Example 1: Using the key of shift of 3 to the right, encrypt the word
    “CRYPTOGRAPHY.”
    Solutions:
    Step 1: Write the letters of the English alphabet.
    ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

    Step 2: Make 3 shifts from the given letter going to the right.

    ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

    This means that after shifting C thrice to the right, its equivalent is F.
    Step 3: Form the encrypted message. CRYPTOGRAPHY – FUBSWRJUDSKB
    Week

    CRYPTOGRAPHY
    Example 2: Decrypt the cipher text, “BJY DN BJJY”, using the key of 5
    13
    shifts to the left.
    Solutions:
    Step 1: Write the letters of the English alphabet.
    ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

    Step 2: Make 5 shifts from the given letter going to the right (opposite
    of the given direction when the process involved is decryption).

    ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
    This means that after shifting B five times to the right (opposite direction), its equivalent is G.

    Step 3: Form the encrypted message.


    “BJY DN BJJY” – “GOD IS GOOD”
    Using the key
    AB C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
    shift of 7 to
    the LEFT.
    ENCRYPT
    A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

    1. QNKJ 2. YnpytpJnxy 3. bUTTERFLY


    LTJX Encrypt shift 5 to
    Decrypt shift 5 to
    TS the right the right

    Decrypt shift 5 to the


    right

    1. ____ 2. __________ 3. __________


    ____
    Decrypt shift 5 to
    __ the right

    Decrypt shift 5 to the Encrypt shift 5 to the


    right right
    Week

    CRYPTOGRAPHY 13
    USING MODULO OPERATOR – the sender of the message uses the
    key K to encrypt and to decrypt the secret message. The key K
    may have any integer value from 0 to 25 and this will be shared to
    the person/s who will be receiving the secret message.

    Steps in Encrypting Message:


    Step 1: Express the letters of the alphabet into an integer from 0
    to 25, that matches its order, for example, A=0, B=1, C=2, . . .,
    then label them as C.
    Step 2: Calculate Y = (C + K)mod26, for every letter of message.
    Step 3: Convert the number Y into a letter following the order of
    the letter of the alphabet.
    Week

    CRYPTOGRAPHY 13
    Example 1: Encrypt the message “MMW is fun to learn.” Let k = 5.
    Following the steps, here’s the solution:
    Step 1:
    ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

    Step 2: M M W I S F U N T O L E A R N
    12 12 22 8 18 5 20 13 19 14 11 4 0 17 13 C
    5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 +K
    17 17 27 13 23 10 25 18 24 19 16 9 5 22 18 C+K

    Step 3: Since 27 exceeded 25, apply modulo operator to find its equivalent.
    That will be Y = 27mod26 which is equal to 1. Converting every Y into a
    letter in the english alphabet we have RRB NX KZS YT QJFWS.
    Week

    CRYPTOGRAPHY
    Example 2: Encrypt the message “Maybe this time.” Let k = 4.
    13
    Following the steps, here’s the solution:
    Step 1: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

    Step 2:

    C
    +K
    C+K

    Step 3: Since 27 exceeded 25, apply modulo operator to find its equivalent.
    That will be Y = 27mod26 which is equal to 1. Converting every Y into a letter
    Week

    CRYPTOGRAPHY 13
    Steps in Decrypting Message:
    Step 1: Express the letters of the alphabet into an integer from 0
    to 25, that matches its order, for example, A=0, B=1, C=2, . . .,
    then label them as Y.
    Step 2: Calculate C = (Y – K)mod26, for every letter of the
    decrypted message.
    Step 3: Convert the number C into a letter following the order of
    the letter of the alphabet.

    Example 2: Decrypt the message “RRB NX KZS YT QJFWS”.


    Let k = 5.
    Week

    CRYPTOGRAPHY 13
    Example 3: Decrypt the message “RRB NX KZS YT QJFWS”. Let k = 5.
    Here’s the solution:
    Step 1: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

    Step 2: R R B N X K Z S Y T Q J F W S
    17 17 1 13 23 10 25 18 24 19 16 9 5 22 18 Y
    5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 – K
    12 12 - 4 8 18 5 20 13 19 14 11 4 0 17 13 Y–K

    Step 3: Determine the equivalent of –4 (by shifting 4 units to the left or


    backward). –4 corresponds to W. Converting every C into a letter in the
    English alphabet we have ”MMW IS FUN TO LEARN.”
    CRYPTOGRAPHY
    Week
    Example 4: Decrypt the message “ ZUNCGU ”. Let k = 20.
    Here’s the solution: 13
    Step 1: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

    Step 2: Y
    – K
    Y–K

    Step 3: Determine the equivalent of –20 (by shifting 4 units to the left or
    backward). –4 corresponds to W. Converting every C into a letter in the
    English alphabet we have ” .”
    Try CRYPTOGRAPHY Week

    this
    Example 5: Decrypt the message “Q Twdm JBA”. Let k = 8.
    13
    Here’s the solution:
    Step 1: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

    Step 2: Y
    – K
    Y–K

    Step 3:We have ” .”


    Week

    13
    End of session
    You may ask your questions
    now. Do you have any? If
    there are no more questions,
    prepare for your offline task.

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