The Elements Of Teaching and

Learning
 Objectives

At the of the lesson, you should be able to:

1. Identify the elements of teaching and learning;
2. Determine the different distinguishing elements of
a the learners; and
3. Explain the concept of multiple intelligence and its
impact to the teaching and learning process.
 Elements of Teaching & Learning

Teacher: prime mover of the educational wheel

Learners: key participants in the learning process
Conducive environment: provides essential features
and ingredients that could make a headway in
guiding the processes and methodologies needed for
smooth linkage among the three.

How does each element contribute to learning?

 Nature of the Learner

The learner is:

embodied spirit
(sentient body & rational
soul)

body & soul exist in

mutual dependence
 Fundamental Equipment of the Learner

Cognitive Appetitive

5 senses (see, hear, feel, feelings / emotion

taste and smell) (pleasantness &
instinct
unpleasantness; pain
imagination (form
and joy)
representations of objects)
rational will (guiding
memory (retain, recall &
recognize past mental acts) force in the learner's
intellect (form concepts, character as to what is
judgment & reason out good and desirable))
What is your observation on this picture?
16 students you meet in college.jpg
In what ways learners
are different?
 Learners differ in their abilities,
aptitudes, interests, home
background values and attitudes…
 5 DISTINGUISHING ELEMENTS
OF THE LEARNER

1. Ability

dictates the prospects Ability to learn categories

of success in  Fast
purposeful activity  Average
capacity to understand  Slow
and assimilate Mental ability
information for own  Superior
use and application
 Above average
 Below average
 5 DISTINGUISHING ELEMENTS
OF THE LEARNER

2. Aptitude

innate talent or gift An early recognition of

natural capacity to innate skills is indeed
learn certain skills is compelling so as to
not to waste such
inborn learning.
 5 DISTINGUISHING ELEMENTS
OF THE LEARNER

3. Interests

Strong attraction or Lessons that give them

appeal to particular the chance to express
activities their deep feelings for
objects or actions will
be more meaningful
and easily absorbed.
 5 DISTINGUISHING ELEMENTS
OF THE LEARNER

4. Family / Cultural
Background
Students who come from
different socioeconomic
background manifest a
wide range of behavior
due to differences in
upbringing practices.
Some families are:
-express their preference in self discipline while
other left to passively follow home regulations
class participation are influenced by the home
training & experiences (inactive or confident)
 5 DISTINGUISHING ELEMENTS
OF THE LEARNER

5. Attitudes Some attitudes

Individual’s Curiosity
perspective and Responsibility
disposition Creativity
Students have a unique persistence
way of thinking and
reacting.
 Learners differ in their abilities,
aptitudes, interests, home
background values and attitudes…
 Objectives

Identify the different learning and thinking styles;

Describe how learning / thinking styles and multiple
intelligences influence teaching strategies;
Distinguish the professional qualities from personal
qualities of a teacher; and
Examine the qualities of a conducive learning
environment.
Recap

What
have you
learned?
 Learning/
Thinking
Styles and
Multiple
Intelligences
Multiple Intelligences

INTELLIGENCE – ABILITY OR SET OF

ABILITIES THAT ALLOWS A PERSON TO
SOLVE A PROBLEM OR FASHION A PRODUCT
THAT IS VALUED IN ONE OR MORE
CULTURES

Howard Gardner
Frames of Mind
Multiple Intelligences Survey
and Guide.pdf
(Assignment 1)
 Multiple Intelligences
Visual/
Spatial
Picture Smart
Learning visually,
organizing ideas
spatially, see
concepts in action,
see things in one’s
mind to create a
product or solve a
problem
 Multiple Intelligences
Verbal/
Linguistic
Word Smart

Learning
through the
spoken and
written
word
 Multiple Intelligences
Mathematical/
Logical
Number/Logic Smart

Learning
through
reasoning
and problem
solving
 Multiple Intelligences
Bodily/
Kinesthetic
Body Smart
Learning
through
interaction
with one’s
environment
“concrete experiences”
 Multiple Intelligences

Musical
Music Smart

Learning through
patterns, rhythms
and music,
identification of
patterns through
all the senses
 Multiple Intelligences

Intrapersonal

Self Smart

Learning
through
feelings,
values and
attitudes
 Multiple Intelligences

Interpersonal

People Smart

Learning through
interaction with
others, promotes
collaboration and
working
cooperatively
 Multiple Intelligences

Naturalist
Nature Smart
Learning through
classification,
categories and
hierarchies, picks
up on subtle
differences in
meaning
 Multiple Intelligences

Existential
Spirit Smart

Learning
by seeing
the “big
picture”
 Learning/Thinking Styles

Refers to
preferred
way an
individual
Mode of thinking,
processes remembering,
problem solving
information
 Learning/Thinking
Styles

Sensory Global-
Preferences Analytic
Continuum
 Learning/Thinking Styles
Sensing

Sensing- Sensing-
Thinking Feeling
(Interpersonal
(Mastery Style) Style)

Thinking Feeling

Intuitive-
Intuitive- Feeling
Thinking (Self-
(Understanding
Style) Expressive
Style)

Intuition
 Sensory Preferences

Visual
Learners SEE
Must see
actions and
facial
expression
 Sensory Preferences

Visual-
iconic SEE

Visual
imagery
 Sensory Preferences

Visual-
symbolic SEE

Abstract
symbolism
 Sensory Preferences

Auditory
Learners
HEAR
Must hear verbal
lectures,
discussions,
talking things
through, listen to
what others have
to say
 Sensory Preferences

Listeners
HEAR
Remember
things said to
them, carry
mental
conversations
 Sensory Preferences

Talkers
HEAR
Talk and
discuss, ask
questions,
whisper
comments
 Sensory Preferences
Tactile/
Kinesthetic

DO
Learners

Hands-on
approach,
exploration,
learning by
doing
 Let’s try this!

Learning Style Assessment

http://
www.educationplanner.org/students/self-assessments
/learning-styles.shtml
Global-Analytical Continuum
 Global-Analytic Continuum

Analytic
Left-Brain
LINEAR
Step-by-step
processes of
learning, see finite
elements, tree
seers, comfortable
with details and
hierarchies of
information
Global-Analytic Continuum

Global
Right-Brain
NON-LINEAR

See whole
pattern, forest
seers, give
attention to the
over-all
structure
LEFT BRAIN (Analytic) RIGHT BRAIN (Global)

• Successive • Simultaneous
Hemisphere Style Hemisphere Style
• Verbal • Visual
• Responds to word • Responds to tone of voice
meaning • Random
• Sequential • Processes information in
• Processes information varied order
linearly • Responds to emotion
• Responds to logic • Impulsive
• Plans ahead • Recalls people’s faces
• Recalls people’s names • Gestures when speaking
• Speaks with few gestures • Less punctual
• Punctual • Prefers sound/music
• Prefers formal study background while
design studying
• Prefers bright lights while • Prefers frequent mobility
studying while studying
 Learning/Thinking Styles
Sensing

Sensing- Sensing-
Thinking Feeling
(Interpersonal
(Mastery Style) Style)

Thinking Feeling

Intuitive-
Intuitive- Feeling
Thinking (Self-
(Understanding
Style) Expressive
Style)

Intuition
 Discussion Question 1

There are nine (9) intelligences and four (4) learning

styles. Does this mean that the teacher ought to have
different teaching strategies for each type of
intelligence and learning style every time? Elaborate
your answer.
 THE TEACHER
“ T H E P RO F E S S I O N A L T EA C H E R I S T H E
“ L I C E N S E D P RO F ES S I O N A L W H O P O S S E S S E S
D I GN I T Y A N D RE P U T A T I O N WI T H H IGH
M O R A L V A L U E S A S W E L L A S T EC H N I C A L A N D
P R O F E S S IO N A L C O M P E T EN C E …
H E /S H E A D H E R ES T O O B S E R VE A N D
P RA C T I C E A S E T O F E T H IC A L A N D M O RA L
P RI N C I P L E S , S T A N D A R D S A N D VA L U E S . ”
( C O D E O F E T H IC S O F P R O F ES S I O N A L
T E A C H ER S , 1 9 9 7 )
 Professional Attributes
A professional teacher
perceives himself/herself as
someone who can effect
change or learning (sense of
efficacy) because she/he is
an expert in what she/he
teaches (subject matter
knowledge) and in how
she/he teaches (pedagogical
knowledge)
 Professional teacher possesses
the following attributes:

Control of the knowledge Dispositions and skills to

base of teaching and approach all aspects of
learning and use of this his/her work in a
knowledge to guide the reflective, collegial, and
science and art of his/her problem-solving manner
teaching practice. View of learning to teach as
Repertoire of best a lifelong process and
teaching practice and can dispositions and skills for
use these to instruct working towards
children in classrooms improving his/her own
and to work with adults teaching as well as
in the school setting. improving schools
 Discussion Question 2

Which teacher trait is MORE important - competence

or commitment? Defend and support your stand.
 Personal Attributes
Personality is the sum of Teacher’s personality must
one’s personal be natural and genuine,
characteristics. that is, devoid of pretenses
It is one’s identity and artificiality. They must
be consistent, true and
authentic.
Personality:
-weak
-dynamic
 Some Outstanding Personal Qualities

1. Passion: compelling 3. Values & Attitude:

force that emerges from -Teachers are models of
one’s inborn love for values.
children. -Values connote standards,
2. Humor: stands for code of ethics and strong
anything funny, which beliefs.
elicits a smile laughter or *open-mindedness
amusing reaction.
*fairness
*sincerity & honesty
*professionalism
 Some Outstanding Personal Qualities

4. Patience:
Refers to teacher’s
uncomplaining nature, self-
control and persistence.
5. Enthusiasm:
It is synonymous to
eagerness and excitement.
 To facilitate learning, teacher must:
be expert in his/her
subject and skilled in the
science and art of
teaching;
Have a pleasing
personality and a model
of values
Have passion for
teaching, sense of humor,
patience and enthusiasm
 The Learning Environment

THE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT

IS THE PLACE WHERE
TEACHING AND LEARNING CAN
TAKE PLACE IN THE MOST
EFFECTIVE AND PRODUCTIVE
MANNER.

HTTPS://
YOUTU.BE/T9YNLPS_NTM?T=1
 The Classroom
Arrangement of
Furniture
Physical condition of the
classroom
Classroom proceedings
Interactions
 Facilitative Learning Environment

It is an environment which: consistently recognizes

 encourages people to be people’s right to make
active mistakes
 Promotes and facilitates the tolerates ambiguity
individual’s discovery of the evaluation is a cooperative
personal meaning of idea.
process with emphasis on
 emphasizes the uniquely
self-evaluation
personal and subjective
encourages openness of
nature of learning
 difference is good and self rather than
desirable concealment of self
 people feel they are respected people are encouraged to
 People feel they are accepted trust in themselves as well
 Permits confrontation as in external sources
 Learning Environment
The learning environment A physical environment
consists of the physical, that is clean, orderly, well-
as well as the ventilated, well-lighted,
psychological spacious that allow
movements, and free from
environment, that
unnecessary distractors is
surrounds the learner and
conducive to learning
that influences his/her A non-threatening
learning.
classroom atmosphere
where people feel they are
respected and accepted and
for what they say and do is
conducive atmosphere for
learning.