International System of Units SI

Zhumagazinova Nazerke
Phone number: 87055095966

Email: zhumagazinova_n@ukk.nis.edu.kz
Room #220
Using S.I. units
Homogeneity of physical equations
Lesson objectives:
► use SI base units to check the homogeneity of physical equations;
►use the following prefixes (multiple and fractional) and their symbols
for both base and derived units: pico (p), nano (n), micro (μ), milli
(m), centi (c), deci (d), kilo (k), mega (M), giga (G) and tera (T);
International System of Units SI
A physical quantity is a quantity that can be used in the mathematical equations of
science and technology.
A unit is a particular physical quantity, defined and adopted by convention, with which other
particular quantities of the same kind are compared to express their value.
The value of a physical quantity is the quantitative expression of a particular physical quantity as
the product of a number and a unit, the number being its numerical value. Thus, the numerical value
of a particular physical quantity depends on the unit in which it is expressed.
For example, the value of the height HB of the Baiterek Monument

in Astana is HB = 105 m.
Here HB is the physical quantity, its value expressed in the unit
"meter," unit symbol m, is 105 m, and its numerical value when
expressed in meters is 105.
Using S.I. units
Learning outcomes
• show knowledge and understanding of base and derived S.I. units
• use equations to work out derived units
• use base units to check homogeneity of equations.
Physical Quantities
Are classified into two types:

• Base quantities Derived quantity
• Derived quantities
For example : is
Base quantity like the house that
For example : is like was
the brick – the basic build up from a
building block of a collection of bricks
house (basic quantity)
Definitions :-
• Base quantities • The quantities

are the that are
quantities on the expressed in
basis of which terms of base
other quantities quantities are
are expressed. called derived
quantities
SI base Units
The SI is founded on seven SI base units for seven base quantities assumed to be mutually independent, as given in
Table 1.
SI derived units
Other quantities, called derived quantities, are defined in terms of the seven base quantities via a system of quantity
equations. The SI derived units for these derived quantities are obtained from these equations and the seven SI base
units. Examples of such SI derived units are given in Table 3
SI prefixes
The 20 SI prefixes used to form decimal multiples and submultiples of SI units are given bellow
Prefixes
• Alternative writing method
• Using standard form
• N × 10n where 1  N < 10 and n is an integer
The diameter of this atom

is about 1 × 10−10 m.
This galaxy is about 2.5 × 106

light years from the Earth.
All number 1-9 are significant
RULE #1: Zero sandwich between non zero
digits are significant (ноль между не нулевыми
числами-значимое число)
RULE #2: Zero to the left or coming before

non zero digits insignificant (ноль стоящее перед
значимым числом-незначимое)
RULE #3: Zeros coming on the right only

significant if there is a decimal point (если есть
десятичная точка, то ноль стоящее после значимой
цифрой-значимая)
Scientific Notation
Scientific notation is the way that scientists easily handle very large numbers or very small numbers.
For example, instead of writing 0.0000000056, we write 5.6 x 10-9. So, how does this work?
We can think of 5.6 x 10-9 as the product of two numbers: 5.6 (the digit term) and 10-9 (the exponential term).
Here are some examples of scientific notation.
How to do calculations
How to do calculations
Addition and Subtraction: Powers of Exponentials:
•All numbers are converted to the same power of 10, and the digit terms are added or subtracted. The digit term is raised to the indicated power and the exponent is multiplied by the number that indicates the power.
•Example: (4.215 x 10 -2) + (3.2 x 10-4) = (4.215 x 10 -2) + (0.032 x 10 -2) = 4.247 x 10-2 •Example: (2.4 x 104)3 = (2.4)3 x 10(4x3) = 13.824 x 10 12 = 1.4 x 10 13
•Example: (8.97 x 104) - (2.62 x 103) = (8.97 x 104) - (0.262 x 104) = 8.71 x 104 (to 2 significant figures)
•Example: (6.53 x 10-3)2 = (6.53)2 x 10(-3)x2 = 42.64 x 10-6 = 4.26 x 10 -5
Multiplication: (to 3 significant figures)
The digit terms are multiplied in the normal way and the exponents are added. The end result is changed so that there is
only one nonzero digit to the left of the decimal.
•Example: (3.4 x 106)(4.2 x 103) = (3.4)(4.2) x 10(6+3) = 14.28 x 109 = 1.4 x 1010
(to 2 significant figures) Roots of Exponentials:
•Example: (6.73 x 10-5)(2.91 x 102) = (6.73)(2.91) x 10(-5+2) = 19.58 x 10-3 = 1.96 x 10 -2 Change the exponent if necessary so that the number is divisible by the root. Remember that taking the square root is
(to 3 significant figures) the same as raising the number to the one-half power.
Division: •Example:
•The digit terms are divided in the normal way and the exponents are subtracted. The quotient is changed (if necessary) so
that there is only one nonzero digit to the left of the decimal. •Example:
•Example: (6.4 x 106)/(8.9 x 102) = (6.4)/(8.9) x 10(6-2) = 0.719 x 104 = 7.2 x 10 3 Oops - the answer really is 4.2 x 10-3
(to 2 significant figures)
•Example: (3.2 x 103)/(5.7 x 10-2) = (3.2)/(5.7) x 103-(-2) = 0.561 x 105 = 5.6 x 104
(to 2 significant figures)
Homogeneity of physical equations
Learning outcomes
• rearrange a range of equations to change the subject
• analyse equations to find the units for unknown values (constants or
variables)
• compare both sides of an equation to determine if the units are
homogeneous.
Homogeneity
• The units on both sides of an equation must be equivalent
otherwise the equation cannot be correct. If the units are
fundamentally different then the quantities on the different
sides of the equal sign cannot be equivalent. A velocity cannot
be the same as an acceleration: they have different units.
The principle of homogeneity allows us to:

• deduce the units of an unknown value (constant or
variable) in an equation
• check that an equation shows a possible physical
relationship.
Individual task
Non-homogeneous
• P = ρgh2
• LHS ; unit of P = Nm-2 = kgm-1s-2
• RHS : unit of ρgh2 = kgm-3(ms-2)(m2) = kgs-2
• Unit on LHS = unit on RHS
• Hence equation is not homogeneous
Individual task

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Zhumagazinova Nazerke

Phone number: 87055095966

For example, the value of the height HB of the Baiterek Monument

Are classified into two types:

• Base quantities • The quantities

The diameter of this atom

This galaxy is about 2.5 × 106

RULE #2: Zero to the left or coming before

RULE #3: Zeros coming on the right only

The principle of homogeneity allows us to:

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