1 Representation of Functions

Representation of Functions
General Mathematics
Lesson Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students must be
able to:
• define functions and related terms;
• determine if the given relation represents a
function;
• define piece-wise function; and
• represents real-life situations using functions,
including piece-wise functions.
Relation
A relation is a relationship between sets of values. It
is a set of ordered pairs. The domain of a relation is
the set of first coordinates. The range is the set of
second coordinates.
Example of Relations
1. {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 8)}
2. {(4, 2), (4, -2), (9, 3), (9,3)}
3. {(1, a), (1, b), (1, c), (1,d)}
Functions
A function is a relation in which each element of
the domain corresponds to exactly one element
of the range.
Examples of Functions
1. {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 8)}
2. {(2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5,1)}
Example 1
Determine if the following relations represent a
function.
1. {(q, 0), (w, 1), (e, 2), (t, 3)}
2. {(-1, -2), (0, -2), (1, -2), (2, -2)}
3. {(1, 0), (1,1), (1, 2), (1, -2)}
4. {(x, 3), (y, 4), (z, 3), (w, 4)}
Some Types of Functions
Linear Function
A function f is a linear function if f(x) = mx + b,
where m and b are real numbers, and m and f(x)
are not both equal to zero.
Quadratic Function
A quadratic function is any equation of the form
f(x) = ax2+ bx + c where a, b, and c are real numbers
and a ≠ 0.
Constant Function
A linear function f is a constant function if
f(x) = mx + b, where m = 0 and b is any real
number. Thus, f(x) = b.
Identity Function
A linear function f is an identity function if f(x) =
mx + b, where m = 1 and b = 0. Thus, f(x) = x.
Absolute Value Function

The function f is an absolute value function if for all
real numbers x,
f(x) = x, for x ≥ 0
–x, for x ≤ 0
Piecewise Function
A piecewise function or a compound function is a
function defined by multiple sub-functions, where each
sub-function applies to a certain interval of the main
function's domain.
• A set of ordered pairs

F={(1,2),(2,3),(3,4)}
• As a table of values
X 1 2 3
y 2 3 4
• As a mapping diagram
X Y
1 2
2 3
3 4
• As a graph in Cartesian Plane

VERTICAL LINE TEST
A graph represents a function if and only if each vertical line intersects the
graph at most once.
QUIZ
1. Identify if it is a function or not a function
A. FUNCTION
B. FUNCTION
C. NOT A FUNCTION
D. NOT A FUNCTION
E. NOT A FUNCTION
F. FUNCTION
G. FUNCTION
H. FUNCTION
I. FUNCTION
1. FUNCTION
2. FUNCTION
3. FUNCTION
4. NOT A FUNCTION
1. FUNCTION 2. NOT A FUNCTION
3. FUNCTION 4. NOT A FUNCTION

Example 2
To sell more T-shirts, the class needs to charge a
lower price as indicated in the following table:
The price for which you can sell x printed T-shirts is

called the price function p(x). p(x) represents each
data point in the table.
Solution to Example 2
Step 1:
Find the slope m of the line using the slope formula m = y2 – y1 / x2 – x1
Step 2:
Write the linear equation with two variables by substituting the values of m
and (x1, y1) to the formula y – y1 = m(x – x1)—the point-slope form of a linear
equation.
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – 540 = −15 (x − 500)
y – 540 = − 15 x + 100
y = − 15 x + 640
y = 640 – 0.2x
Thus, the price function is p(x) = 640 – 0.2x.

Example 3
PIECEWISE FUNCTION
Example 1: A bakery has the following pricing for large orders of cupcakes. The first
100 cupcakes of any order cost 20.00 pesos each. Each of the next 150 cupcakes only
cost 17.00 pesos each. And each cupcake ordered in excess of 250 costs 15.00 pesos
each.
20.00 pesos 15.00 pesos each for

17.00 pesos each for
each for 1 to 100 251 pieces and more
101 to 250 pieces
pieces
20x if 1≤ x ≤ 100
17(x-100) + 2000 if 101 ≤ x ≤ 250
15(x-250) + 4,550 if 251 ≤ x
Example 4
Sketch the graph of the given piecewise
function. What is f(– 4)? What is f(2)?
f(x) = x + 2, if x ≥ 0
–x2+ 2, if x < 0
To the right of the y-axis, the graph is a line that
has a slope of 1 and y-intercept of 2. To the left
of the y-axis, the graph of the function is a
parabola that opens downward and whose
vertex is (0, 2).
To sketch the graph of the
function, you can lightly draw
both graphs. Then darken the
portion of the graph that
represents the function.
To find the value of the function when x = – 4,
use the second equation.
f(– 4) = – (– 4)2+ 2 = – 16 + 2 = – 14
To find the value of the function when x = 2, use

the first equation.
f(2) = 2 + 2 = 4
Exercise A
Determine whether or not each relation is a
function. Give the domain and range of each
relation.
1. {(2, 3), (4, 5), (6, 6)}

2. {(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3)}
3. {(6, 7), (6, 8), (7, 7), (7, 8)}
Exercise B
Tell whether the function described in each of the
following is a linear function, a constant function,
an identity function, an absolute value function, or
a piecewise function.
1. f(x) = 3x − 7
2. g(x) = 12
3. f(x) = 3, if x > −5
-6, if x < −5
Exercise B
Tell whether the function described in each of
the following is a linear function, a constant
function, an identity function, an absolute value
function, or a piecewise function.
4. z(x)=2x 5. c(z)=2
Exercise C
A zumba instructor charges according to the number of
participants. If there are 15 participants or below, the
instructor charges ₱500.00 for each participant per month.
If the number of participants is between 15 and 30, he
charges ₱400.00 for each participant per month. If there
are 30 participants or more, he charges ₱350.00 for each
participant per month.
1. Write the piecewise function that describes what the

instructor charges.
2. Graph the function.

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Representation of Functions

Absolute Value Function

• A set of ordered pairs

• As a graph in Cartesian Plane

3. FUNCTION 4. NOT A FUNCTION

The price for which you can sell x printed T-shirts is

Thus, the price function is p(x) = 640 – 0.2x.

20.00 pesos 15.00 pesos each for

To find the value of the function when x = 2, use

1. {(2, 3), (4, 5), (6, 6)}

1. Write the piecewise function that describes what the

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