Part of speech

The part of speech Is a class of words based on the words’

function, the way it works in a sentence.
The part of speech indicates how the word functions in
meaning as well as grammatically with in the sentence

By Syifa Fadhilah Hamid, M.Pd.

 NOUN (KATA BENDA)

PRONOUN (KATA GANTI)

ADJECTIVE (KATA SIFAT)

PARTS OF VERB (KATA KERJA)

SPEECH ADVERB (KATA KETERANGAN)

PREPOSITION (KATA DEPAN)

DETERMINER

INTERJECTION (KATA SERU)

 DEFINITION OF
NOUN
NOUN
TYPES OF
NOUN
 The Definition of Noun
A word (other than a pronoun) used to
identify any of a class of people, places, or
things (common noun), or to name a
particular one of these (proper noun).
Example :
Book,love,phone,pencil,car,bus,wife,husband,enemy,piano,toy,boy,girl,c
opy,tea,
coffee,knife,tomato,potato,bamboo,monkey,apple,army,fish,women,chi
ld,dress,tree,fox,cat,teacher.

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 Concrete Common
Nouns Nouns

Types
Collective Proper

of Nouns
Abstract
Nouns Nouns Nouns

Regular
Countable & and
Uncountable
Nouns
Irregular
Nouns
 CONCRETE NOUNS

A noun denoting a material object rather than an abstract quality,

State, or action.
Example : Dog, building, tree, man, Andrew, table, iron, etc.

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 ABSTRACT NOUNS

A noun denoting an idea, quality, or state rather than a concrete

object.
Example : Truth, danger, happiness, wisdom, life, faith, etc.

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 COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

• Countable noun is a noun can form a plural and, in the singular, can
be used with the indefinite article.
Example : Books, a book.
• Uncountable noun is a noun denoting something that cannot be counted
(substance or quality).
Example : Happiness, water back
 COLLECTIVE NOUNS back

Collective nouns are nouns that refer to a collection or group of multiple people, animals, or things.
However, even though collective nouns refer to multiple individuals, they still usually function as singular
nouns in a sentence. This is because they still are technically referring to one thing: the group as a whole.
Here are some examples of collective nouns :
- Group
A group is a single unit that is made up of a number of individuals, whether people or things.
- Collection
A collection is a single unit that typically consist of many similar things organized together,
such as paintings.
- Tribe
A tribe is a single unit that is made up of a group of tribe members.
- Fleet
A fleet is a single unit that is made up of several vehicles or vessels, such as ships.
- Band
A band is a single unit that consist of a number of different musicians.

Collective nouns are used in sentences to refer to a group of people, animals or things. Here are some
examples of collective nouns being used in sentences :
“The organization vote(s) to revoke the rules that it had previously approved.”
 COMMON NOUNS
All nouns serve to name a person, place, or thing. Those that identify general people, places ,
things are called common nouns- they name that which is common among others.
Example : “He sat on the chair”
“I live in a city”
“We met some people”
“She went into politics”
“Our teacher is beautiful”
“let’s go down to the lake”.
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 PROPER NOUNS back

Proper nouns, on the other hand, are used to identify a unique or more specific about person, place, or thing.
A proper noun names someone or something that is one of a kind, which is signified by the use of capital letter,
no matter where it appears in a sentence.
• Names
The most common proper nouns are names, as of people, places, or events. For example :
“Go find Adinda and tell her dinner is ready.”
“I lived in Banyuwangi before I moved to Yogyakarta.”
“My new Macbook is incredibly fast”
• Appellations
When a person has additional words added to his or her name (known as an appellation), this becomes part of
the proper noun and is also capitalized. (Some linguists distinguish these as proper names, rather than proper
nouns.) For example :
“Prince William is adored by many people”
• Job Titles and Familial Roles
Many times, a person may be referred to according to a professional title or familial role instead of by name. In
this case, the title is being used as a noun of address and is considered a proper noun, even if it would be a
common noun in other circumstances. For example :
“How are you doing, Coach?”
“I need your advice, Mr. President.”
“Mom, can you come with me to the playground?”
REGULAR AND IRREGULAR NOUNS

Regular Nouns:
A Word which has accordance pattern
e.g.: Ardhi brings my BOOKS
Irregular Nouns:
A Word which has different pattern between
singular and plural
e.g.: CHILDREN are studying in class
 SINGULAR PLURAL PATTERN
Car Cars

Book Books NOUN+S

Pen Pens
REGULAR NOUNS
Tax Taxes
If the last word are -s, -ss, -x, -
Bus Buses z, -ch, and –sh.
NOUN+ES
Truss Trusses

Knife Knives
If the last word are –f or –fe. It
Wife Wives change –ves.

Proof Proofs

Chief Chiefs NOUN+S

Cliff Cliffs

Potato Potatoes

Tomato Tomatoes If the last word are –o.

NOUN+ES
Hero Heroes

Radio Radios

Bamboo Bamboos NOUN+S

Piano Pianos
REGULAR NOUNS
SINGULAR PLURAL PATTERN
Lady Ladies

Army Armies If the word before y is

consonant. The word change
Enemy Enemies NOUN+IES
Copy Copies

Boy Boys If the word before y is vocal.

The word change
Toy Toys NOUN+S
 SINGULAR PLURAL EXEGESIS
IRREGULAR NOUNS Foot Feet

Man Men

Mouse Mice Word which have irregular plural

form
Child Children

Woman Women

Alga Algae

Alumnus Alumni

Phenomenon Phenomena Kata Serapan

Basis Bases

Vita Vitae

Deer Deer

Dozen Dozen
Word which have same singular
Fish Fish and plural form

Fruit Fruit
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 Pronoun
Pronouns replace nouns. Without them, language would be repetitious, lengthy, and
awkward.

 President John Kennedy had  President John Kennedy had

severe back trouble, and although severe back trouble, and although
President John Kennedy he approached stairs gingerly and
approached stairs gingerly and lifted with care, he did swim and
lifted with care, President John sail, and occasionally he even
Kennedy did swim and sail, and managed to play touch football
occasionally President John with friends, family members, or
Kennedy even managed to play co-workers.
touch football with friends, family
members, or co-workers.
 Personal

Possessive

Reflexive

Pronoun Indefinite

Relative

Demonstrative
 PRONOUNS
Personal Pronoun Possessive Pronoun Reflexive Pronoun

Subjective Objective Subjective Objective` Subjective Objective

I ME MY MINE MYSELF -

YOU YOU YOUR YOURS YOURSELF -

WE US OUR OURS OURSELVES -

THEY THEM THEIR THEIRS THEMSELVES -

SHE HER HER HERS HERSELF -

HE HIM HIS HIS HIMSELF -

IT IT ITS ITS ITSELF -

NOTE:
1. Personal pronouns refer to specific persons, places, or things.
2. Possessive pronouns replace possessive nouns.
Example:
Jamie’s Corvette => her corvette.
Possessive pronouns never take apostrophes.

3. Reflexive pronouns add emphasis. They always follow a noun or personal pronoun and
do not appear alone in a sentence:
Example:
1. Jamie herself changed the tire.”
2. She herself changed the tire.

4. Reflexive pronouns also show that someone did something to himself or herself:
Example
1. She surprise herself with how well she did on the test.
Indefinite
indefinite pronouns refer to general persons, places, or things. Indefinite
pronouns all are third-person pronouns and can be subjects or objects in
sentences.
Indefinite pronouns, singular
anyone anybody anything either each
no one nobody nothing another one
someone somebody something any
everyone everybody everything

Indefinite pronouns, plural

both few many several
Indefinite pronouns, singular or plural
Most Any All None Some Neither

Thus, we may write,

1. "All is well," (singular) in reference to the general
condition of things, or
2. "All are attending," (plural) in reference to
individuals. (For more, look up count and non-count
nouns in an English grammar reference or online.)
Relative pronouns

That Who Whoever whose

Which Whom Whomever what

Who is a subject pronoun

Whom is an object pronoun
whoever is a subject pronoun
Whose is a possessive pronoun
Which is subject for thing
What is a subject or object for people or thing
Demonstrative pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns indicate specific persons, places, or things: "That is a

great idea!" That is a pronoun referring to the abstract noun idea.

This these

That those
ADJECTIVES

 An adjective is a word used to describe, or modify, noun or a

pronoun. Adjectives usually answer questions like which one, what kind,
or how many:
Example : beautiful etc.
Verb

 In a sentence, the verb expresses what the subject does (She hopes for the
job) or what the subject is (She is confident).
All verbs are one of three types:
 Action verbs
 Linking verbs
 Helping verbs
1. Action verbs
In a sentence, an action verb tells what the subject does. Action verbs express
physical or mental actions: think, eat, collide, realize, dance.
Example:
I finally realized my mistake.
The outfielder collided with the second-baseman.
She dances every Friday night.
2. Linking verbs
In a sentence, a linking verb tells what the subject is rather than what it does;
linking verbs express a state of being.

3rd person
1st person (I; 2nd person
(she, he, it;
we) (you)
they)
present am; are are is; are
past was; were were was; were
[have] been; [have] been; [has] been;
participle
[had] been [had] been [had] been
Linking verb
 Another set of linking verbs are those pertaining to our five senses--seeing, tasting,
touching, hearing, and smelling
 and how we perceive the world: the verbs appear, seem, look, feel, smell, taste,
and sound,
Example :
Loren seems anxious about the test.
The well water tastes wonderful.
My carpet still feels damp.
You sound hoarse.
The curtains smell a little smoky.
 Other common linking verbs include become, remain, and grow, when they link the
subject to more information (either a noun or an adjective) about that subject:
Example:
You will soon become tired of the monotony.
Pha has become a very responsible teenager.
I remain hopeful.
Daniel grew more and more confident.
Helping verbs...
 ..have, has, had
 ...to be: am, are, is, was, were, been
 ...do, does, did
 ...will and shall
 ...would, could, should, can, may, might...
ADVERBS
 An adverb is a word used to modify a verb, adjective, or another adverb. An
adverb usually modifies by telling how, when, where, why, under what
conditions, or to what degree. An adverb is often formed by adding -ly to an
adjective.
1. Adverb of time (ten o’clock, one hour ago)
2. Adverb of frequency (never, ever, seldom, sometimes, often, always)
3. Adverb of place (at Bogor, in the class, in front of office)
4. Adverb of manner (beautifully, well)
REPOSITIONS AND PREPOSITIONAL
PHRASES
 Prepositions are common; they are not flashy. They are sometimes very little
words, like on, in, and unlike; sometimes they are two words, like according
to. A preposition combined with a noun (or pronoun), in that order, makes a
prepositional phrase:
Example:
in Duffy's Tavern
on the dashboard of my car
unlike most biologists
according to most moviegoers
 Prepositional phrases usually tell where or when. Or, as most instructors are
fond of saying, they show relationship, for example, of location (in Duffy's
Tavern) or of time (in February).
A complete list of prepositions would be huge. You do not need to know all of them, but become familiar with at least some common prepositions:

about below inside throughout

above beneath into to
across beside like toward
after between near under
against beyond of underneath
along by off unlike
among down on until
around during out up
as except outside upon
at for over with
before from past within
behind in through without
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FgzAByRlcR4