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    Black Body

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    Charukesh S

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    Black Body

    Uploaded by

    Charukesh S
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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    3 views12 pages

    Black Body

    Uploaded by

    Charukesh S

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 12

    Black Body Radiation

    Mr. Sonaji V. Gayakwad


    Asst. professor
    Dept of chemistry
    Mrs.K.S.K. College,Beed
     Introduction
     Definition of a Black-Body
     Black-Body Radation Laws
    1- The Planck Law
    2- The Wien Displacement Law
    3- The Stefan-Boltzmann Law
    4- The Rayleigh-Jeans Law
     Application for Black Body
     Conclusion
     Summary

    2
    • The black body is importance in
    thermal radiation theory and practice.
    • The ideal black body notion is
    importance in studying thermal
    radiation and electromagnetic
    radiation transfer in all wavelength
    bands.
    • The black body is used as a standard
    with which the absorption of real
    bodies is compared.
    3
    A black body is an ideal body
    which allows the whole of the
    incident radiation to pass into
    itself ( without reflecting the
    energy ) and absorbs within itself
    this whole incident radiation
    (without passing on the energy).
    This propety is valid for radiation
    corresponding to all wavelengths
    and to all angels of incidence.
    Therefore, the black body is an
    ideal absorber of incident
    radaition.
    4
    1- The Rayleigh-Jeans Law. 2ckT
    I ( , T ) 
    * It agrees with experimental 4
    measurements for long
    wavelengths.
    * It predicts an energy output
    that diverges towards infinity
    as wavelengths grow smaller.
    * The failure has become known
    as the ultraviolet catastrophe.

    5
    2ckT
    I ( , T ) 
    4
     This formula also had a
    problem. The problem
    was  the term in the
    denominator.
     For large wavelengths it
    fitted the experimental
    data but it had major
    problems at shorter
    wavelengths.

    6
    2- Planck Law
    - We have two forms. As a
    function of wavelength.
    2hc 2 1
    I ( , T ) 
    5 hc

    e kT  1

    And as a function of frequency


    2 h 3
    1
    I ( ,T ) 
    c2 h
    e kT  1

    The Planck Law gives a distribution


    that peaks at a certain
    wavelength, the peak shifts to
    shorter wavelengths for higher
    temperatures, and the area
    under the curve grows rapidly
    with increasing temperature.

    7
    b
    max 
    T
    3- Wein Displacement Law
    - It tells us as we heat an object
    up, its color changes from red
    to orange to white hot.
    - You can use this to calculate the
    temperature of stars.
    The surface temperature of the
    Sun is 5778 K, this temperature
    corresponds to a peak emission
    = 502 nm = about 5000 Å.
    - b is a constant of proportionality,
    called Wien's displacement
    constant and equals 2.897 768
    5(51) × 10–3 m K = 2.897768
    5(51) × 106 nm K.

    8
    j T 4
    4- The Stefan-Boltzmann
    Law
    * Gives the total energy
    being emitted at all
    wavelengths by the
    blackbody (which is the
    area under the Planck
    Law curve).
    * Explains the growth in the
    height of the curve as the
    temperature increases.
    Notice that this growth is
    very abrupt.
    * Sigma = 5.67 * 10-8 J s-1 m-2
    K-4, Known as the Stefan-
    Boltzmann constant.
    9
     As the temperature
    increases, the peak
    wavelength emitted by
    the black body
    decreases.
     As temperature
    increases, the total
    energy emitted
    increases, because the
    total area under the
    curve increases.
     The curve gets infinitely
    close to the x-axis but
    never touches it.

    10
    - A black body is a theoretical object that absorbs
    100% of the radiation that hits it. Therefore it reflects
    no radiation and appears perfectly black.
    - Roughly we can say that the stars radiate like
    blackbody radiators. This is important because it
    means that we can use the theory for blackbody
    radiators to infer things about stars.
    - At a particular temperature the black body would
    emit the maximum amount of energy possible for that
    temperature.
    - Blackbody radiation does not depend on the type of
    object emitting it. Entire spectrum of blackbody
    radiation depends on only one parameter, the
    temperature, T.
    11
     Thanks for your kind
    attention

    12

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