4 Typhoon

Understanding
Typhoons
PAGASA (Philippine Atmospheric
Geophysical Astronomical Services
Administration)
about 20 tropical cyclones enter the
-
Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR)

each year.
No part of the country is spared. All provinces have been
visited by a typhoon at one time or another. In recent years,
the Philippines had been overwhelmed by powerful tropical
cyclones
Typhoon Ondoy
Tropical Storm September 2009
Typhoon Pablo
Tropical Storm December 2012
“Most powerful storm to make landfall in recorded
history”
Typhoon Yolanda
Tropical Storm November 2013
“Most powerful storm to make landfall in recorded
history”
According to the Philippine Atmospheric,
Geophysical, and Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA), about 20 tropical
cyclones enter the Philippine Area of
Responsibility each year. We have to be
knowledgeable about tropical cyclones if we
want to prevent the loss of more lives
PAGASA
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration
is a Philippine national institution

dedicated to provide flood and typhoon
warnings, public weather forecasts and
advisories, meteorological, astronomical,
climatological, and other specialized
information and services primarily for the
protection of life and property and in
support of economic, productivity and
sustainable development.
Typhoon Hurricane Cyclone
Typhoon
Hurricane NW Pacific
NE and Atlantic Ocean
Cyclone
SW Pacific and
Indian Ocean
Typhoon – term used in
northwestern part of the
Pacific Ocean
Hurricane – term used in
the northeastern part of
the Pacific Ocean and in
the northern part of the
Atlantic Ocean
Cyclone – term used in
the South Pacific and
Indian Ocean
TROPICAL CYCLONES
Typhoon Hurricane Cyclone

TROPICAL CYCLONE
Tropical depression, tropical storm, typhoon, and super
typhoon are categories of a tropical cyclone. A tropical
cyclone is a system of thunderstorms which are moving
around a center. As the winds intensify or weaken, the
category is upgraded or downgraded accordingly.
FORMATION OF A TROPICAL CYCLONE
• A typhoon develops when the sea surface
temperature is at least 26.5 °C above an
ocean depth of not lower than 50m.
• When there is high atmospheric moisture
• When there is high humidity present above
and around the area.
• The heat from the sea is the main driving
energy for typhoons to occur.
• Thunderstorms usually accompany an
unstable atmosphere, in which a typhoon is
made up of.
• The atmosphere is unstable if a packet of air
is warmer than the surrounding air.
Parts of the typhoon
1. Outer rain bands – These are the outer spiral bands of a
typhoon. These bands are scattered and move inward. In this
part, rainfall may be light to moderate, and wind speeds are
up to 62 kph.
2. Inner rain bands – These are the main spiral bands of a
typhoon. These bands now appear organized and move
inward (i.e., toward the center). In this part, there is
moderate intermittent rains and winds of 63-117 kph.
3. Eyewall – This refers to the band of clouds that
surround the center (the eye) of a typhoon. This part is
characterized as having the most violent winds and
heaviest rainfall. Typhoon force winds are greater than
118 kph.
4. Eye – This part of the typhoon has the lowest
pressure. It is the calm part of the typhoon, with
occasional light winds blowing at 20 kph. Normally, the
eye is 30 km in diameter.
The lowest air pressure is at the eye of a
tropical cyclone.
The eye of a tropical cyclone, wind speed is low.
But in the dense clouds surrounding the eye, at the eyewall
itself, the wind speed is great.
Why is the Philippines prone to typhoons?
• The Philippines is
located within the
geographic area
called tropics.
• It is an archipelago
surrounded by warm
waters from the Pacific
Ocean that powers the
low pressure formation
that leads to typhoon.
• its distance from the
equator is an optimal
location for the Coriolis
effect, which causes
powerful winds to spin
in the developing storm.
Typhoon Yolanda
Tropical Cyclones
A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized
system of clouds and thunderstorms that
originates over tropical or subtropical waters
and has a closed low-level circulation.
WHY DOES THE TYPHOON SPINS?
“BAGYO”
How do PAG-ASA give
name to the typhoon?
Two factors fuel a tropical
cyclone into a full blown
typhoon
1. Rapid updrafts or upward movement of water vapor from

the ocean due to the fast rising warm air.
2. Condensation of water vapor which releases heat to the
swirling wind.
Dos and don’ts
DO
• Prepare emergency kits: drinkable water, non-perishable food,
battery powered radio, emergency lights, power banks, flashlight
with back up batteries, extra clothes.
• Tune in to local radio or TV stations during a typhoon.
• Stay indoors. Avoid leaving the house when there is a typhoon.

Dos and don’ts
DO
• Evacuate if necessary.
• Stay connected with other loved ones and check in on one another.
• Keep emergency contact numbers in your phone book. The
Philippines has its own 911 emergency hotline and the Philippine
Red Cross can be reached at 143. The Philippine National Police
Hotline is 117.
Dos and don’ts
DON’TS
• Ignore typhoon warnings.
• Do not waste cellphone battery power. Avoid using cellphones
unless there is an emergency.
• Walk around, play in, or swim in flood waters. This can lead to
leptospirosis or even electrocution if done near downed electric
lines.
Dos and don’ts
DON’TS
• Leave your pets behind, tie them up, or cage them, especially in
flood prone areas.

4 Typhoon

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4 Typhoon

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Understanding

Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR)

is a Philippine national institution

NE and Atlantic Ocean

Typhoon Hurricane Cyclone

1. Rapid updrafts or upward movement of water vapor from

• Tune in to local radio or TV stations during a typhoon.

• Stay indoors. Avoid leaving the house when there is a typhoon.

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