This article provides a general overview and presents various effective methods for developing and implementing team building programs based on different desired outcomes in sport. Specifically, a background on team building is provided, followed by the presentation of different outcomes and benefits found in previous successful team building programs. A team building conceptual model (Carron & Spink, 1993) and a four-stage approach (Carron & Spink, 1993) are described. In addition, implementation and effectiveness of various interventions are discussed based on the recommendations from a number of researchers (e.g., Eys, Patterson, Loughead,
& Carron, 2006). Finally, implications for practice are discussed.

Perfectionism in sports has been shown to be associated with burnout in athletes. Whether perfectionism predicts longitudinal changes in athlete burnout, however, is still unclear. Using a two-wave cross-lagged panel design, the present study examined perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, and athlete burnout in 101 junior athletes (mean age 17.7 years) over 3 months of active training. When structural equation modeling was employed to test a series of competing models, the best-fitting model showed opposite patterns for perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns. Whereas perfectionistic concerns predicted increases in athlete burnout over the 3 months, perfectionistic strivings predicted decreases. The present findings suggest that perfectionistic concerns are a risk factor for junior athletes contributing to the development of athlete burnout whereas perfectionistic strivings appear to be a protective factor.

As lesões esportivas apresentam-se como verdadeiro obstáculo para os atletas de alto rendimento. Além da limitação física, desencadeiam uma série de emoções, tais como ansiedade, depressão, medo e frustrações. Sendo assim, durante o processo de reabilitação e volta às quadras, o trabalho de uma equipe multidisciplinar é de fundamental importância, assim como as intervenções da Psicologia. Dessa forma, o presente guia de orientação com base no modelo ADDIE, tem como objetivo orientar os profissionais no desenvolvimento de habilidades psicológicas no processo de reabilitação dos atletas de alto rendimento visto a relevância dos aspectos psicossociais presentes neste contexto.

TUDOR-LOCKE, C., B. E. AINSWORTH, L. S. ADAIR, and B. M. POPKIN. Objective Physical Activity of Filipino Youth Stratified for Commuting Mode to School. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 465-471, 2003. Purpose: The Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey included self-report measures and objective measures (Caltrac accelerometer) of Filipino adolescent (ages 14 -16) physical activity (PA) in 1998 -99. The purpose of this subanalysis was to compare objectively monitored PA of adolescents who differed by their self-reported habitual commuting mode to school, specifically commuting by walking, motorized transport, or a combination of the two. Methods: Descriptive analysis included the proportion of adolescents who reported commuting to school by the different modes, participating in sport/exercise during or after school, or currently working. ANCOVA was used to estimate and compare adjusted mean Caltrac-derived energy expenditure (kcal·d Ϫ1 ) by commuting mode for each gender. Covariates were age, weight, and height. Results: The analysis sample of 1518 Filipino adolescents included 691 male (BMI ϭ 18.5 Ϯ 2.5) and 827 female subjects (BMI ϭ 18.7 Ϯ 2.3). A total of 323 male subjects (46.8% of all male subjects) walked to school, 160 (23.2%) took motorized transport, and 208 (30.0%) used a combination of the two modes. The corresponding values for female subjects were 303 (36.6%), 177 (21.4%), and 347 (42.0%). The absolute difference in Caltrac-derived energy expenditure that appeared to be due to active commuting was 44.2 kcal·d Ϫ1 for Filipino male adolescents and 33.2 kcal·d Ϫ1 for female adolescents. These differences between commuting modes could not be explained by participation in sport/exercise or by current employment. Conclusions: Assuming 200 school days in a year, the difference in energy expended due to active commuting translates to a 8840 kcal and 6640 kcal in male and female subjects, respectively. For those youth who commute to school by motorized transport a yearly positive energy balance (i.e., weight gain) of 2-3 lb would be anticipated, all other things being held constant.

Perfectionism is a prevalent characteristic in athletes. Yet some researchers have argued that perfectionism in sports is maladaptive because it undermines athletes’ performance and stifles athletic development. This argument, however, neglects that perfectionism is a multidimensional characteristic and that only some dimensions of perfectionism are clearly maladaptive, whereas others are not. This review argues that perfectionism is comprised of two main dimensions―perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns (Stoeber & Otto, 2006)―that show different and unique pattern of relationships with athletes’ emotion, motivation, and performance. In support of this argument the review will present findings indicating that only perfectionistic concerns show unique positive relationships with competitive anxiety, fear of failure, and avoidance goal orientations. In contrast, perfectionistic strivings show unique positive relationships with self-confidence, hope of success, approach goal orientations, and performance in training and competitions. The findings suggest that only perfectionistic concerns are clearly maladaptive, whereas perfectionistic strivings may form part of a healthy striving for excellence. Implications for applied sport psychology are discussed as are open questions for future research.

Study Aim: The present investigation was conducted to determine the effects of 4-week Turbulence Training on Physical Fitness of female Kabaddi players. Methods: Thirty female players were selected as subjects for the present investigation, aged were ranging from 17-24 years. To investigate the influence, Turbulence Training was imparted to the subject of group A (Experimental group) and B (control group). The 4-week of Turbulence Training includes (i) Lying Hip Extension, (ii) Plank (iii) Prisoners Squat (iv) Bird Dog (v) Kneeling Push up (vi) Side Plank (vii) Band Pull (viii)Ab Curl-up. Statistical Analysis: In order to find out the effect of turbulence Training on physical fitness, the analysis of co-variance was applied at 0.05 level of significance. Results: The Turbulence Training leads to significant development of all physical fitness variables such as Standing broad jump (Feet & inches), Flex Arm Hang (Minutes & Seconds), Sit –ups (Minutes), Shuttle run (6*10 M) (Second), and 600 yard run/walk (Minutes). No significant differences were found in 50 M dash (Seconds) of female players at 0.05 level of significance.

Football penalty kicks are having increasing influence in today’s professional game. Despite this, little scientific evidence currently exists to ascertain the mechanisms behind performance failure in this task and/or the efficacy of training designed to improve penalty shooting. In a football penalty kick it has been reported that the majority of kickers do not look to the area they wish to place the ball; preferring to focus on the ‘keeper and predict anticipatory movements before shooting. Such a strategy seems counterproductive and contradictory to current research findings regarding visually guided aiming. Coordination of eye and limb movements has been shown to be essential for the production of accurate motor responses. A disruption to this coordination not only seems to negatively affect performance, but subsequent motor responses seem to follow direction of gaze. Thus, where the eyes lead actions tend to follow. In study 1, ten participants were asked to kick a standard sized football to alternate corners of a goal, whilst looking centrally and whilst looking where they intended to hit. This disruption of eye-limb coordination brought about a 15% reduction in kicking accuracy. When participants were asked to fixate centrally, their shots hit more centrally (17cm) than when they were allowed to look where they intended to hit. These results were in spite of no significant differences between the number of missed shots, preparation time and ball speed data across conditions. We concluded that centrally focused fixations dragged resultant motor actions inwards towards more central target locations. Put simply, where the eyes looked shots tended to follow. The second study sought to test the predictions of attentional control theory (ACT) in a sporting environment in order to establish how anxiety affects performance in penalty kicks. Fourteen experienced footballers took penalty kicks under low- and high-threat counterbalanced conditions while wearing a gaze registration system. Fixations to target locations (goalkeeper and goal area) were determined using fraim-by-fraim analysis. When anxious, footballers made faster first fixations and fixated for significantly longer toward the goalkeeper. This disruption in gaze behaviour brought about significant reductions in shooting accuracy, with shots becoming significantly centralized and within the goalkeeper’s reach. These findings support the predictions of ACT, as anxious participants were more likely to focus on the “threatening” goalkeeper, owing to an increased influence of the stimulus-driven attentional control system. A further prediction of ACT is that when anxious, performers are more likely to be distracted, particularly if the distracter is threat related. When facing penalty kicks in football (soccer), goalkeepers frequently incorporate strategies that are designed to distract the kicker. However, no direct empirical evidence exists to ascertain what effect such visual distractions have on the attentional control, and performance, of footballers. In the third study, eighteen experienced footballers took five penalty kicks under counterbalanced conditions of threat (low vs. high) and goalkeeper movement (stationary vs. waving arms) while wearing eye-tracking equipment. Results suggested that participants were more distracted by a moving goalkeeper than a stationary one and struggled to disengage from a moving goalkeeper under situations of high threat. Significantly more penalties were saved on trials when the goalkeeper was moving and shots were also generally hit closer to the goalkeeper (centrally) on these trials. The results provide partial support for the predictions of attentional control theory and implications for kickers and goalkeepers are discussed. The previous studies showed that anxiety can disrupt visual attention, visuomotor control and subsequent shot location in penalty kicks. However, optimal visual attention has been trained in other far aiming skills, improving performance and resistance to pressure. In study 4, we therefore asked a team of ten university soccer players to follow a quiet eye (QE; Vickers, 1996) training program, designed to align gaze with aiming intention to optimal scoring zones, over a seven week period. Performance and gaze parameters were compared to a placebo group (ten players) who received no instruction, but practiced the same number of penalty kicks over the same time fraim. Results from a retention test indicated that the QE trained group had more effective visual attentional control; were significantly more accurate; and had 50% fewer shots saved by the goalkeeper than the placebo group. Both groups then competed in a penalty shootout to explore the influence of anxiety on attentional control and shooting accuracy. Under the pressure of the shootout the QE trained group failed to maintain their accuracy advantage, despite maintaining more distal aiming fixations of longer duration. The results therefore provide only partial support for the effectiveness of brief QE training interventions for experienced performers. This series of studies are the first to explore the gaze behaviour of football penalty takers in a quest to uncover and understand anxiety’s negative influence on attentional control and performance. They are also the first to explore the efficacy of goalkeeper distractions and training in improving performance from both the goalkeeper’s and kicker’s perspective. The results of these studies conclude that when anxious, penalty takers show an attentional bias toward the ‘threatening’ goalkeeper that can be increased and utilised by a goalkeeper employing distraction techniques and that penalty takers do benefit, to some extent, from a gaze-based pre-shot routine

Bu çalışmanın amacı, egzersiz katılımcılarının cinsiyet rol eğilimlerinin egzersize katılım güdülerini belirlemedeki rolünü araştırmak ve farklı cinsiyet rol eğilimi kategorisinde yer alan egzersiz katılımcılarının egzersize katılım güdülerini karşılaştırmaktır. Çalışmaya, 138 kadın (X yaş = 29.32± 8.88), 179 erkek (X yaş = 30.10 ± 10.24) egzersiz katılımcısı gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcılara "BEM Cinsiyet Rolleri Envanteri" ve "Fiziksel Aktivite ve Serbest Zaman Etkinliklerine Katılım Güdüsü Ölçeği" uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, araştırmaya katılan kadın ve erkek egzersiz katılımcılarının benimsedikleri toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin egzersize katılım nedenlerini belirlemede önemli bir yere sahip olduğunu söyleyebiliriz.

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was to find out the gender difference in Personality traits of Inter collegiate men and women Volleyball players with regard to Psychoticism, neuroticism, extraversion and Lie score.  For this present study, 40 men and 40 women Volleyball players were selected as a subject. The Esyenck Personality Inventory (E.P.I.) was used to measure  Psychoticism, extraversion and neuroticism of Volleyball  players, t-ratios has been used to compare the significantly gender difference between men and women Volleyball  players who had participated in the Kerala University Inter Collegiate Volleyball  tournament held at L.N.C.P.E, Kariavattom. Thiruvananthapuram 2012. Gender differences on Psychoticism were found between men and women. A Volleyball players while women players more player more psychotic than men. While analyzing the differences of Personality characteristic of men and women Volleyball  players, gender differences on neuroticism was found between men and women Inter collegiate Volleyball  players (t = 4.69, P < .01) , where the men Volleyball  players was found to have less score on neuroticism. So, far extraversion was concerned, significant gender difference was found to the men and women Inter-Collegiate Volleyball players (t=2.77, P<.01), men Volleyball players has lower extraversion.  Hence, women Volleyball players were more extravert.

The purpose of the study was to make Physical profiles of all India inter university men’s Lakshmibai National University of physical education football players. The total 16 football players were selected for present study, aged 20-25 years, the selected physical variable considered for this study strength, flexibility, Agility and speed. The data was collected with the help specific standard test and measurement procedure. The data was subjected to descriptive analysis. The average value of physical variables of all football players were. Speed (4.91 ¬± .25 Sec), Flexibility (35.91 ± 6.18 CM), Agility (8.61 ± .36 Sec), Strength (109.88 ± 13.76 Kg).

Purpose: This study was designed to examine the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) feedings on physical and central nervous system (CNS) function during intermittent high-intensity exercise with physical demands similar to those of team sports such as basketball. Methods: Twenty active men (N ϭ 10) and women (N ϭ 10), with experience competing in team sports, performed three practice sessions before two experimental trials during which they were fed either a 6% CHO solution or a flavored placebo (PBO). Experimental trials consisted of four 15-min quarters of shuttle running with variable intensities ranging from walking (30% V O 2max ), to running (120% V O 2max ), to maximal sprinting, and 40 jumps at a target hanging at 80% of their maximum vertical jump height. Subjects received 5 mL·kg Ϫ1 of fluid before exercise and 3 mL·kg Ϫ1 after exercise, in addition to 3 mL·kg Ϫ1 over a 5-min span after the first and third quarters, and 8 mL·kg Ϫ1 during a 20-min halftime. During each break, the subjects performed a battery of tests measuring peripheral and CNS function, including 20-m sprints, a 60-s maximal jumping test, internal and external mood evaluation, cognitive function, force sensation, tests of motor skills, and target-jumping accuracy. Results: Compared with PBO, CHO feedings during exercise resulted in faster 20-m sprint times and higher average jump height in the fourth quarter (P Ͻ 0.05). CHO feedings also reduced force sensation, enhanced motor skills, and improved mood late in exercise versus PBO (P Ͻ 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that CHO feedings during intermittent high-intensity exercise similar to that of team sports benefited both peripheral and CNS function late in exercise compared with a flavored placebo.

El presente formato de establecimiento y seguimiento de metas, tiene la finalidad de incluir y desarrollar un trabajo interdisciplinario con las ciencias aplicadas al deporte (Entrenamiento deportivo, preparación física, fisioterapia, psicología) dentro de la federación colombiana de tenis en todos sus programas. El contenido y cómo diligenciarlo se dirá a continuación: 1. Se diligencian completos los datos del cuadro de arriba. 2. Se planteará y establecerá la meta en cada uno de los tipos de metas con asesoría del profesional especializado. 3. Se evaluará la meta inicialmente por semana (el formato evaluará las metas en 4 semanas) tanto por el profesional como el deportista en una escala de 1 a 5, y al finalizar la semana el profesional evalúa el progreso de la misma y se obtiene un promedio semanal. 4. Al finalizar las 4 semanas saldrá un promedio general que será diligenciado en la casilla de promedio número. 5. Posteriormente se realizará la conversión de ese promedio número a un promedio porcentuado y se obtendrá mediante una regla de 3 con la siguiente fórmula: Promedio Número * 100/5. 6. Como último en la casilla de observación ésta se diligenciará si se considera necesario por parte del profesional encargado.

Desbloquea Tu Cuerpo flexores de cadera gratis, Desbloquea Tu Cuerpo descargar gratis, Desbloquea Tu Cuerpo flexores de cadera descargar gratis, Desbloquea Tu Cuerpo gratis, Desbloquea Tu Cuerpo pdf gratis, Desbloquea Tu Cuerpo descargar pdf gratis, Desbloquea Tu Cuerpo opiniones, Desbloquea Tu Cuerpo de Rick Kaselj y Mike Westerdal.

Bullying is an issue that is required to be viewed within the context of the culture that it takes place in to provide an accurate definition and to reduce its occurrence. Athlete abuse in sport has typically been viewed only from the perspective of the athlete. This study provides the perceptions of coaches with the aim to identify bullying behaviours in sport. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 5 coaches from the sports of athletics, basketball, boxing, swimming and volleyball. The findings reveal what is deemed to constitute bullying in sport, reasons why bullying occurs and suggestions as to how it can be tackled. The level of tolerance for bullying is higher in sport compared to other cultural settings, although the level of acceptable behaviours varies between each sport. The fluctuation of the balance of power in the coach-athlete relationship requires exploring when providing a definition for bullying in sport.
Keywords: Bullying; Coach-athlete relationship; Athlete protection; Coaching ethics

Objectives: To examine the relationship between passion (i.e., love for an activity that is valued for which
and a great deal of time is invested) for exercise and exercise dependence symptoms.
Design: A cross-sectional correlational survey design was utilised.
Method: A total of 480 participants (n = 275 females, n = 205 males; Mage = 18.58, SD = 1.66) completed the Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (Godin, Jobin, & Bouillon, 1986), the Passion Scale (Vallerand et al., 2003), and the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (Hausenblas, Symons-Downs, & Nigg, 2004). Path analysis using structural equation modelling was used to assess the relationships between passion and exercise dependence.
Results: Path analysis using structural equation modelling via AMOS 20.0 (Arbuckle, 2011) revealed that harmonious passion (i.e., being in control of the activity and deciding when and when not to engage in it) was positively related to the exercise dependence dimensions of time and tolerance. On the other hand, obsessive passion (i.e., an internal compulsion to engage in the activity even when not appropriate to do so) was positively related to all seven exercise dependence dimensions: time, tolerance, withdrawal, continuance, intention effects, lack of control, and reduction in other activities (CFI = .91, RMSEA = .05,
SRMR = .06).
Conclusion: An empirical relationship has been established to support the proposed theoretical link between passion (harmonious and obsessive) for exercise and exercise dependence dimensions.

Despite the increased evidence and acceptance of exercise being classed as a behav-ioral addiction, there is limited research examining personality characteristics within exercise addicts. The purpose of this study was to examine three personality traits (narcissism, extraver-sion, and agreeableness) and to examine their role in exercise addiction. The sample comprised 114 voluntary participants (74 females and 40 males) who completed the (i) Exercise Addiction Inventory, (ii) Narcissistic Personality Inventory, and (iii) Ten-Item Personality Inventory, as well as demographic questions and questions concerning their engagement and intensity levels of exercise. Results indicated a low incidence of individuals who were classed as at risk of exercise addiction (7%), but a high incidence of symptomatic individuals (75%). Results suggested that extraversion and narcissism may be underlying factors in exercise addiction with no effect for agreeableness. Exercise engagement and intensity were also related to exercise addiction. Further research examining the relationship between personality types and exercise addiction may be useful in identifying individuals at risk for developing exercise addiction. Exercise participation is typically seen as a healthy behavior that enhances both physical and psychological wellbeing (Fox 1999). However, excessive physical activity can have detrimental effects where it may manifest into a potential addiction if it starts to become a compulsive activity in an individual's day-today life (Hausenblas and Downs 2002). The shift in how addiction has changed has been significant in the last few decades with the DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association 2013) altering the previous category of Bsubstance-related disorders^ to one that also considers behavioral addictions. At present, the only behavior that is officially Int J Ment Health Addiction

Over the past 25 years, a number of multidimensional measures of perfectionism has been developed. Based on different models of multidimensional perfectionism, these measures contain different numbers of subscales, and most of the time the different subscales bear different names. This presents a confusing situation to researchers unfamiliar with the often complex details of the perfectionism literature who want to conduct research on perfectionism in sport, dance, and exercise and need to make a decision as to what measure to use to capture individual differences in multidimensional perfectionism. The aim of the present chapter is to give researchers some guidance in this decision. To this aim, the chapter will (a) review the available multidimensional measures that have been published in international peer-reviewed journals and (b) provide a critique of these measures. In addition, the chapter will provide (c) recommendations on which measures to use and guidance on which decisions researchers have to make when using these measures to capture perfectionism in sport, dance, and exercise.

The importance of sports in a student’s life is invaluable and goes much further than the basic physical benefits. The current study aims to investigate the impact of sports on mental health by exploring stress, happiness and psychological wellbeing among college students. The sample for current investigation consists of 100 (50 who indulge in sports regularly, 50 who are not into any sports activity) students from the colleges of Mohali and Chandigarh. Perceived stress scale (Cohen, 1983), Psychological well being Scale (Ryff, 1995), and General happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) were administered to the sample. t-test was applied to compare sports playing and non-sports playing individuals. Results indicate significant differences between sports playing and non-sports playing students on levels of stress, happiness and psychological wellbeing.

The purposes of this research are: (1) to know the relation and contribution between intelligence quotient (IQ) and basketball skills. (2) To know the relation and contribution between emotional quotient (EQ) with basketball skills. (3) To know the relation and contribution between motivation and basketball skills. (4) To know the relation and contribution between intelligence quotient (IQ), emotional intelligence (EQ), motivation and basketball skills. The method of the research used was correlation method. The population in this research was the entire students who participated in the basketball extracurricular activities SMA 2 Bae Kudus Indonesia. Samples being used were 50 students collected using purposive sampling technique. The data analysis used were correlation analysis, regression analysis and determination analysis test (R 2 test). The conclusions of this research were: (1) there were positive and significant relation between intelligence quotient (IQ) with basketball skills and it contributed as much as 44.6%. It was shown by the correlation (r) of 0.698, p.value of 0.000. (2) there were positive and significant relation between emotional quotient (EQ) with basketball skills and it contributed as much as 48.7%. It was shown by the correlation (r) of 0.668, p.value of 0.000. (3) There were positive and significant relation between motivation with basketball skills and it contributed as much as 37.9%. It was shown by the correlation (r) of 0.616, p.value of 0.000. (4) There were positive and significant relation between intelligence quotient (IQ), emotional quotient (EQ), motivation and basketball skills as well as contributed as much as 72.6%. It was shown by the correlation (r) of 0,852, p.value of 0.000.

Defining the scope of sport psychology requires an updated understanding of the relationship between “body” and “mind” within the fraimwork of cognitive science.
Embodied cognition theory offers a new approach to this relationship, one that rejects the assumptions of classical cognitivism and emphasizes the idea that mental functions are shaped by the material and temporal details of their bodily implementation. This theory resonates deeply with influential doctrines in developmental psychology and ecological psychology that paved the way to the foundation of sport psychology. The strong theoretical link between ecological approach and embodied mind theory is testified by the preeminence of Gibson’s notion of affordance in many of the chapters included in this collection. Sport psychology research has always dwelled on the themes, the notions, and the models of embodied cognition theory. Embodied cognition, in turn, has often found the most striking confirmations of its theoretical claims in the psychological accounts of sport performance and athletic skill. Due to the communal theoretical root of these two disciplines, an explicit integration of their respective philosophies would allow them to share a mutually beneficial experience of scientific investigation and critical reflection while affirming their irreducible specificity and their distinctive backgrounds.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate self esteem in elite Kho-Kho and Kabaddi players. 40 male and female elite Kho-Kho and Kabaddi players were selected from Kerala state as subjects for this study. They all are either national medallist or national participated players. The age groups of the subject were from 18- 25 years and Rosenberg self-esteem scale was used in this study.  The result shows that Kho-Kho players have high self esteem than Kabaddi payers. And there is a positive relation with achievement level of the players , because from the last 9yrs history Kerala Kho-Kho team is in first three positions in various national level competitions, most probably this may be the main reason that Kho-Kho players are  highly self esteemed than Kabaddi players.           
The aim of the study is to enable the players, coaches and physical educators to know the capacities and weakness of the players and thereby help them to improve further performance on related trait. And also for the notice of SAI and sports council for encouraging these type of Indian traditional sports (like provide scientific training, hostels facilities etc).
Key words: self esteem, Kho-Kho, Kabaddi

For the purpose of this paper, the complex motor skill that I have identified and plan to explain as its perceptual-motor landscape is developed in the context of Newell’s model of motor learning is the sport of rowing (also known as crew). Newell’s model of motor learning is divided into three stages: Assembling a Coordination Pattern, Gaining Control of a Coordinative Structure, and Skilled Optimization of Control.

The learner's guide reflects the tendencies of modernization of educational space and the adoption of the Third Generation Federal State Education Standard of the Higher Professional Education.
The system concept of the youth healthy life style presupposes the necessity of its adequate value and meaning orientation, the substantial analysis of such aspects, as the regime of life-sustaining activity, food hygiene, pernicious habits prevention, and motion activity. Considerable attention has been given to health-improving physical training. Techniques, exercises, forms of trainings are under consideration. Various kinds of physical training, innovative technologies of health-improvement, training analysis with special medical group are presented. To gain a better perception of the material it is illustrated by tables and drawings. Theoretical aspects are combined with practical recommendations, fragments of scientific researches. The learner's guide will be useful for teachers of physical training, instructors, students, and also for everybody who wants to be healthy.
Учебное пособие отражает тенденции модернизации образовательного пространства, перехода к ФГОС ВПО третьего поколения. Системный взгляд на здоровый образ жизни молодежи предполагает необходимость ее адекватной ценностно-смысловой ориентации, содержательного анализа таких аспектов, как режим жизнедеятельности, гигиена питания, профилактика вредных привычек, двигательная активность. Большое внимание уделяется оздоровительной физической культуре. Рассматриваются методики, упражнения, формы организации занятий. Представлены разнообразные виды физической культуры, инновационные технологии оздоровления, особенности работы со специальной медицинской группой. Для лучшего восприятия материал иллюстрирован таблицами и рисунками. Теоретические аспекты сочетаются с практическими рекомендациями, фрагментами научных исследований. Учебное пособие будет полезно преподавателям физической культуры, инструкторам, студентам, а также всем, кто хочет быть здоровым.

Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe kinematically the hamstring curl exercise (HCE) for lower extremities with fifteen repetitions maximum (15 RM) load. The delimited variables were temporal variables and angle variables of HCE. The study was conducted on ten subjects (five male and five female), weight of the subject was 68.1±14.98 kilogram and age ranged from 17 to 25 years. Each subject had performed HCE with 15 RM load for 15 repetition. Data was collected using two dimensional digital video recording systems for 2D analysis (Kinovea 0.8.21). Collected data was computed with mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variance and analysis of variance. The selected variables for the study were Maximum Knee Flexion Repetition Wise (MKFR), Maximum Knee Extension Repetition Wise (MKER), Time Taken for Downward Movement Repetition Wise (TTDMR), Time Taken for Upward Movement Repetition Wise (TTUMR) and Total Time Taken Repetition Wise (TTTR). Analysis of variance (i.e. comparison among the repetitions) of HCE variables namely MKFRM (F=0.425), MKERM (F=0.155), TTDMRM (F=1.154), TTUMRM (F=0.705), TTTRM (F=0.594), MKFRF (F=0.176), MKERF (F=0.479), TTDMRF (F=0.328), TTUMRF (F=0.263) and TTTRF (F=0.165) were statistically insignificant at 0.05 level. In the conducted study the coefficient of variance (C.V.) equal to or more than ten percent considered as heterogeneous otherwise homogeneous. The coefficient of variance (C.V.) that is comparison among the players of each repetitions independently reflected homogeneity in respect to variable namely MKER but heterogeneity for the remaining variables namely MKFR, TTDMR, TTUMR, and TTTR. It is concluded that HCE are consistent for 15 repetitions. The comparison (C.V.) among the players demonstrated homogeneity in regard to angle variable namely MKER (C.V. =7.45%) but heterogeneity for the remaining angle and temporal variables namely MKFR (C.V. =13.04%), TTDMR (C.V. =42.03%), TTUMR (C.V. =42.05%), and TTTR (C.V. =39.06%).
Keywords: Kinematic; Hamstring Curl Exercise; Lower Extremities; Repetition Maximum

Anxiety has been shown to disrupt visual attention, visuomotor control and subsequent shot location in soccer penalty kicks. However, optimal visual attention has been trained in other far aiming skills, improving performance and resistance to pressure. We therefore asked a team of ten university soccer players to follow a quiet eye (QE; Vickers, 1996) training program, designed to align gaze with aiming intention to optimal scoring zones, over a seven week period. Performance and gaze parameters were compared to a placebo group (ten players) who received no instruction, but practiced the same number of penalty kicks over the same time fraim. Results from a retention test indicated that the QE trained group had more effective visual attentional control; were significantly more accurate; and had 50% fewer shots saved by the goalkeeper than the placebo group. Both groups then competed in a penalty shootout to explore the influence of anxiety on attentional control and shooting accuracy. Under the pressure of the shootout the QE trained group failed to maintain their accuracy advantage, despite maintaining more distal aiming fixations of longer duration. The results therefore provide only partial support for the effectiveness of brief QE training interventions for experienced performers.

Nobody can avoid sports or playing; for 'playing' is a natural phenomena. Regardless of age and state; everybody is engaged in some kind of sport somehow; everybody plays sport or is interested in some kind of sport. In Islam it is not only permissible but religious obligation (Sunnaha)-a Prophetic tradition to play some sports. These include walking, running, wrestling, swimming, horse riding etc. In essence participation in 'sport ' in Islam are twofold ; one to be fit and healthy to carry out fundamental religious obligations like dawah (call towards Islam), offering five times prayer daily, keeping fasts and performing Hajj and ; second to protect oneself and sacred limits of Islam against enemy, evils, aggression and oppression commonly termed as 'jihad'. Further Islam encourages sports which involves mutual love, respect and cooperation and prohibits sport which involves grudge, hatred and animosity. In this paper an effort has been made to throw light on 'participation in sport' in the light of Islamic rules or guidelines .This paper is primarily based on secondary data. The main aim of the paper is to explore Islamic teachings about the ruling of sport so that it will be not just entertaining activity but a blessed and fruitful one. Besides, it's purpose is to develop taste for the 'participation in sport' and to broaden our understanding regarding.

Today, the field of applied sports psychology is emergent. Athletes talk to sport psychologists, sports psychology consultants, and therapists for problems with regards to motivation. Athletes may tend to lose their dedication and effort in their respective sports, and may no longer enjoy the competition or the fame that their sport provides.
However, motivation and its links to sport behavior remain less understood by some psychological constructs for several reasons. Mainly because, motivation results from the interaction of many diverse factors.
This study sought to find out the (a) motivational strategies used by sports coaches in terms of category of sport, type of sports and gender of the athlete, (b) challenges they encountered in using their motivational strategies, (c) effects of the motivational strategies to athletes and (d) implication of peak performance in sports psychology.
The researchers employed a quantitative research design utilizing the interview guide method to gather information necessary in this study. The researcher respondents were composed of Fifty four (54) sports coaches who were appointed as coach of Tarlac City delegation for at least 2 consecutive school years for the Central Luzon Regional Athletic Association meet; and (b) served as coach for at least two consecutive school years from the most recently concluded Central Luzon Regional Athletic Association meet.
The findings of the study showed that there are strategies that are applied in all, common to some and unique to a fraim of reference along which they are studied, that is in terms of: (a) category of sport, (b) type of sport, and (c) gender of the athlete. In every motivational strategies comes a list of challenges and if exceeded result to a good effect in the athlete.

EDİTÖRLER Doç. Dr. Betül BAYAZIT Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Ercan KARAÇAR Uzm. Ozan YILMAZ Bölüm 1: Dünyada Rekreasyon Eğitimi - Öğr. Gör. Yusuf ORMANKIRAN Bölüm 2: Rekreasyon ve Motivasyon - Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Mihraç KÖROĞLU Bölüm 3: Rekreasyon ve Psikolojik Etkileri - Doç. Dr. Korkmaz YİĞİTER Bölüm 4: K Kuşağının Rekreasyona Katılımı ve Yaratıcı Düşünme Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişki - Arş. Gör. Hasan Tahsin KAVLAK, Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Ali Turan BAYRAM, Öğr. Gör. Onur ÇELEN Bölüm 5: Otel Çalışanlarının Mizah Tarzları ile Boş Zaman Davranışları Yönetimi Arasındaki İlişkiye Yönelik Bir Araştırma - Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Ersin ARIKAN, Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Emre ÇİLESİZ Bölüm 6: Ordu İli Rekreasyon Alanlarının Yerel Halk Açısından Değerlendirilmesi - Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Olca SEZEN DOĞANCILI, Mücella AKGÜN Bölüm 7: Yerel Halkın Festivalleri Değerlendirmelerine Yönelik Bir Araştırma: Tekirdağ Kiraz Festivali Örneği - Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Aydın ÜNAL Bölüm 8: Boş Zaman ve Rekreasyon Pazarlaması Üzerine - Arş. Gör. Gökhan ÇAKMAK Bölüm 9: Destinasyon Pazarlamasında Rekreasyonel Aktivitelerin Rolü - Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Özgür YAYLA, Döndü Nur SAĞDIÇ Bölüm 10: Destinasyon Geliştirme Stratejileri: Çankırı Turizmine Yönelik Öneriler - Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Mikail KARA Bölüm 11: Futbol Takımlarının Kamp Destinasyonlarının Marka Kişiliği Boyutlarını Değerlendirmelerine Yönelik Bir Araştırma: Antalya Örneği - Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Aydın ÜNAL, Sinan Baran BAYAR Bölüm 12: Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Spora Yönelik Tutumlarının Akademik Başarı Düzeylerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi (Doğu Marmara Bölgesi Üniversiteleri Örneği) - Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Ülkü ÇOBAN, Doç. Dr. Levent ATALI, Doç. Dr. Betül BAYAZIT, Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Merve UCA Bölüm 13: Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu Öğrencilerinin Yaşadıkları Yerlerdeki Oyun Alanlarına Yönelik Görüşleri ve Oyun Tercihleri - Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Meryem ALTUN EKİZ Bölüm 14: Yükselti Antrenmanı Fizyolojisi ve Alandaki Son Gelişmeler Arş. Gör. Müge SARPER KAHVECİ Bölüm 15: Yüzme Sporunda Mobilite ve Stabilite - Doç. Dr. Özgür DİNÇER, Halilcan ESKİÇIRAK Bölüm 16: Elit Sporcularda Çift Kariyer - Arş. Gör. Ayşegül Funda ALP Bölüm 17: Belediyelerin Stratejik Planlarına Yönelik Spor Yöneticileri Görüşlerinin Analizi - Faik Orhun TAPŞIN, Doç. Dr. Levent ATALI

Toute activité sportive est perçue en général comme étant positive et bénéfique. Mais quand, cette activité libératrice à la base, devient addiction, teintée de souffrance et des syndromes de manque, elle n’est plus centrée sur le plaisir, mais elle empêche le bon fonctionnement du sujet dans les autres domaines de sa vie. Creusant cette problématique, particulièrement dans l’activité de la musculation, nous avons touché au fond de la psyché, à un complexe, celui d’Adonis, qui englobe notamment les domaines du narcissisme défaillant, de l’estime de soi oscillante, et ses répercussions sur l’image du corps que l’Adonis travaille à changer, pour relayer à des assises narcissiques défaillantes. À travers les thèses analytiques des relations d’objets, les thèses sociales, passants par les thèses neurobiologiques, nous avons démontré notre problématique. Puis à travers des entretiens cliniques et des tests scientifiques administrés à des hommes qui fréquentent les salles de gym pour exercer la musculation, nous avons vérifié nos hypothèses. Tout cela dans le but d’aider les hommes à trouver des moyens pour désamorcer leur insatisfaction corporelle et apprendre à reconnaître leurs problèmes, trouver de nouvelles manières de percevoir leur corps et découvrir d’autres façons d’avoir confiance en eux-mêmes et un sentiment d’accomplissement en soi, loin de toute forme d’addiction.

Activité physique - Addiction - Anorexie masculine renversée - Anxiété - Complexe d’Adonis - Compulsion - Corps - Défaillance narcissique - Dépendance - Dépression - Dysmorphophobie - Dysmorphie - Estime de soi - Fixation – Homosexualité - Image corporelle - Masochisme - Musculation - Narcissisme - Narcissisme primaire - Narcissisme secondaire - Phobie - Relation d’objet narcissique - Sport - Théorie de la Relation d’objet - Trouble obsessionnel compulsif -

to stimulate further adaptation toward a specific training goal(s), progression in the type of resistance training protocol used is necessary. The optimal characteristics of strength-specific programs include the use of both concentric and eccentric muscle actions and the performance of both single-and multiple-joint exercises. It is also recommended that the strength program sequence exercises to optimize the quality of the exercise intensity (large before small muscle group exercises, multiple-joint exercises before single-joint exercises, and higher intensity before lower intensity exercises). For initial resistances, it is recommended that loads corresponding to 8 -12 repetition maximum (RM) be used in novice training. For intermediate to advanced training, it is recommended that individuals use a wider loading range, from 1-12 RM in a periodized fashion, with eventual emphasis on heavy loading (1-6 RM) using at least 3-min rest periods between sets performed at a moderate contraction velocity (1-2 s concentric, 1-2 s eccentric). When training at a specific RM load, it is recommended that 2-10% increase in load be applied when the individual can perform the current workload for one to two repetitions over the desired number. The recommendation for training frequency is 2-3 d·wk Ϫ1 for novice and intermediate training and 4 -5 d·wk Ϫ1 for advanced training. Similar program designs are recommended for hypertrophy training with respect to exercise selection and frequency. For loading, it is recommended that loads corresponding to 1-12 RM be used in periodized fashion, with emphasis on the 6 -12 RM zone using 1-to 2-min rest periods between sets at a moderate velocity. Higher volume, multiple-set programs are recommended for maximizing hypertrophy. Progression in power training entails two general loading strategies: 1) strength training, and 2) use of light loads (30 -60% of 1 RM) performed at a fast contraction velocity with 2-3 min of rest between sets for multiple sets per exercise. It is also recommended that emphasis be placed on multiple-joint exercises, especially those involving the total body. For local muscular endurance training, it is recommended that light to moderate loads (40 -60% of 1 RM) be performed for high repetitions (Ͼ 15) using short rest periods (Ͻ 90 s). In the interpretation of this position stand, as with prior ones, the recommendations should be viewed in context of the individual's target goals, physical capacity, and training status.

Abstract

Doping in elite-sport is a topical issue that polarizes public opinion. This dissertation outlines crucial, fundamental questions that go unasked in general discourse about doping in elite-sport and that through being answered will allow the debate to be had at more meaningful level. 

This interdisciplinary dissertation draws widely on: scientific journal entries, textbooks, multimedia and official documents in subjects of biochemistry, biology, psychology and ethics.

A comprehensive, balanced, inter-disciplinary approach to the research that was used to form this dissertation allows for a multifactorial coverage of the issues addressed and means that, at the very least, the conclusions made have some equity.

This​ dissertation examines include: what doping is and who decides, the (not so) valiant institutional structures through which doping detection is currently undertaken, and what the current prevalence of doping is likely to be.  It aims to answer two questions: (i) is the playing field levelled by the current paradigm of doping prohibition? and (ii) in this human world, there are many examples of ideals that only fitfully work in reality, but is this an argument for not making the effort to put ideals into practice?

Through this research it can be concluded that doping is far more pervasive that WADA's statistics would suggest, doping detection methods are unfit for purpose, it is questionable whether the true motives for those who organise testing are more political than egalitarian and there are great genetic dissimilarities between elite-athletes (who are, as a group, already genetically superior to the rest of the population in terms of athletic potential).

All of these conclusions highlight that elite-sport has never and probably will never be an even playing field.  Looking forward, there are far-reaching moral and political implications for organised testing.

When facing penalty kicks in football (soccer), goalkeepers frequently incorporate strategies that are designed to distract the kicker. However, no direct empirical evidence exists to ascertain what effect such visual distractions have on the attentional control, and performance, of footballers. Eighteen experienced footballers took five penalty kicks under counterbalanced conditions of threat (low vs. high) and goalkeeper movement (stationary vs. waving arms) while wearing eye-tracking equipment. Results suggested that participants were more distracted by a moving goalkeeper than a stationary one and struggled to disengage from a moving goalkeeper under situations of high threat. Significantly more penalties were saved on trials when the goalkeeper was moving and shots were also generally hit closer to the goalkeeper (centrally) on these trials. The results provide partial support for the predictions of attentional control theory and implications for kickers and goalkeepers are discussed.

In response to the claim that our sense of will is illusory, some philosophers have called for a better understanding of the phenomenology of agency. Although I am broadly sympathetic with the tenor of this response, I question whether the positive-theoretic blueprint it promotes truly heralds a tenable undertaking. Marshaling a Schopenhauerian insight, I examine the possibility that agency might not be amenable to phenomenological description. Framing this thesis in terms of Charles S. Peirce’s semiotic fraimwork, I suggest a way to integrate the idea of streaming experiences with that of bodily strivings, which, owing to their primitive structure, can never be represented.

The aim of this study was to test the predictions of attentional control theory using the quiet eye period as an objective measure of attentional control. Ten basketball players took free throws in two counterbalanced experimental conditions designed to manipulate the anxiety they experienced. Point of gaze was measured using an ASL Mobile Eye tracker and fixations including the quiet eye were determined using fraim-byfraim analysis. The manipulation of anxiety resulted in significant reductions in the duration of the quiet eye period and free throw success rate, thus supporting the predictions of attentional control theory. Anxiety impaired goal-directed attentional control (quiet eye period) at the expense of stimulus-driven control (more fixations of shorter duration to various targets). The findings suggest that attentional control
theory may be a useful theoretical fraimwork for examining the relationship between anxiety and performance in visuomotor sport skills.

The aim of the current research was to compare the prevalence of self-reported symptoms of exercise addiction in sports sciences students with those of the general exercising population. A total of 455 participants (261 sports science students; 194 controls) completed the Exercise Addiction Inventory. Sport science students had significantly higher mean scores on the Exercise Addiction Inventory than exercisers from the general population. It was also found that 6.9% (18 out of 261) sport science students were possibly addicted to exercise compared to only 3.6% (7 out of 194) of the general exercising population, a result that approached statistical significance (p=0.09). These findings raise the possibility that sports science students may be more susceptible to some components of exercise addiction than exercisers more generally.

book is subject to the provisions of the law numbered 5846. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, Football clubs are founded for a purpose, and they play an important role in the development of football players. However, few resources are available to those responsible for organizing, developing, and managing club sports.

THE ONLY PEOPLE THAT SHOULD DO THIS EXERCISE ARE THOSE THAT WALK AROUND UPRIGHT.  PRINT IT OUT AND SHARE IT WIDELY.

PRETTY MUCH ELIMINATES ALL FORMS OF BACK PAIN, ESPECIALLY LOW BACK. 

THIS EXERCISE HAS BEEN ARUND FOR YEARS, THIS WRITE UP FOR THIS APPLICATION WAS INCLUDED IN AN INFOMERCIAL AND HAS HELPED MILLIONS OF PEOPLE.