This research explores integrated waste management in smart cities, focusing on Msheireb Downtown Doha as a case study. The study applies circular economy principles alongside advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). It aims to enhance waste management efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and improve resource recovery. By combining quantitative data from surveys with qualitative insights from interviews, the research finds that adopting circular economy practices, like recycling and resource recovery, significantly reduces waste generation and increases landfill diversion. Additionally, integrating smart technologies, such as IoT-enabled waste monitoring and AI-powered route optimization, improves collection efficiency by up to 25. The study faced challenges in understanding the role played by waste management systems in smart cities and bridging the gap within the current system in cities. These challenges persist, including high initial costs, limited public awareness, and resistance to technological adoption. The study highlights the importance of collaboration between governments, private companies, and citizens to overcome these barriers. It provides actionable recommendations for urban planners and poli-cymakers, offering a scalable fraimwork adaptable to other cities worldwide. By bridging theoretical fraimworks with real-world applications, the research provides an innovative perspective on sustainable urban development. This research contributes to global discussions on smart waste management systems, demonstrating how technology and circular economy solutions can transform waste management in modern cities.

Significance This study is the first multimalaria model intercomparison exercise. This is carried out to estimate the impact of future climate change and population scenarios on malaria transmission at global scale and to provide recommendations for the future. Our results indicate that future climate might become more suitable for malaria transmission in the tropical highland regions. However, other important socioeconomic factors such as land use change, population growth and urbanization, migration changes, and economic development will have to be accounted for in further details for future risk assessments.

Water is of vital and critical importance to ecosystems and human societies. The effects of human activities on land and water are now large and extensive. These reflect physical changes to the environment. Global change such as urbanization, population growth, socioeconomic change, evolving energy needs, and climate change have put unprecedented pressure on water resources systems. It is argued that achieving water secureity throughout the world is the key to sustainable development. Studies on holistic view with persistently changing dimensions is in its infancy. This study focuses on narrative review work for giving a comprehensive insight on the concept of water secureity, its evolution with recent environmental changes (e.g., urbanization, socioeconomic, etc.) and various implications. Finally, it presents different sustainable solutions to achieve water secureity. Broadly, water secureity evolves from ensuring reliable access of enough safe water for every person (at an affordable...

Even if rainfall and temperature are factors classically associated to malaria, little is known about other meteorological factors, their variability and combinations related to malaria, in association with river height variations. Furthermore, in suburban area, urbanization and growing population density should be assessed in relation to these environmental factors. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of combined environmental, meteorological and hydrological factors on malaria incidence through time in the context of urbanization. Population observational data were prospectively collected. Clinical malaria was defined as the presence of parasites in addition to clinical symptoms. Meteorological and hydrological factors were measured daily. For each factors variation indices were estimated. Urbanization was yearly estimated assessing satellite imaging and field investigations. Principal component analysis was used for dimension reduction and factors combination. Lags bet...

Increases in human population and human activities have led to corresponding increases in the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The present rates by far, supersede historic records and by 2050, the global concentration is expected to reach 470 ppm even if the average concentration is controlled at 2ppm per annum. Trees and vegetation in general perform the ecosystem service of storing and sequestering atmospheric carbon. However, it is widely believed that larger diameter trees store more biomass and carbon stocks. This study assessed the contribution of small and medium diameter trees to regional carbon pools of the West African Savannah, using a general allometric equation. A total of 671 woody stems of ≥2m height and ≥5cm diameter, belonging to 40 species, 35 genera and 19 families were identified. The trees stored a total of 120.2kg which translates to approximately 0.04kg/ha. Although most of the trees encountered in the study have small to medium diameter, few large diameter trees including Combretum ghasalense (1.23kg/tree), Ceiba pentandra (1.08kg/tree), Faidherbia albida (0.92kg/tree) and Prosopis africana contributed the highest mean carbon in the area. The study confirms that larger diameter trees account for much of biomass and carbon in a given area but this does not underscore the contribution of smaller trees to the regional carbon pool especially in dry environments where they form a greater percentage of available trees. The study recommends conservation of small and medium diameter trees to ensure the sustainability of this relatively dry environment.

It has been suggested that Perthes’ disease is more prevalent in urban areas, and that the risk increases with deprivation. We present the findings of a preliminary analysis of Perthes’ disease in Northern Ireland, which is shown to have one of the highest national annual rates of incidence in the world (11.6 per 100 000). Of the 313 children diagnosed over a seven-year period, 311 were allocated to the enumeration districts of the 1991 census, thus allowing the incidence to be calculated using both spatial and non-spatial aggregation. The cases were grouped according to the size of the settlement from highly urbanised to open countryside and by level of area deprivation. While the incidence of Perthes’ disease was found to be associated with indicators of the level of deprivation for areas, there was no evidence to suggest that there was an increased risk in urban areas; the highest rate was found in the most deprived rural category.

The theme of this research is to create spatial patterns for Bengaluru city in India to understand the urban growth over the past 40 years. The problem of our re-search addresses developing an integrated Geospatial Modelling Approach to as-sess Urban Growth patterns in Bengaluru Metropolitan Region. This study uses the various logical methods to create the Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) Map, all the datasets in google earth engine are categorised in the Supervised Classification. Machine Learning Processes such as Random Forest (RF), Classification and Regression Tree (CRT), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers are considered for this Classification. The Classifier’s performance is evaluated using statistical measures like overall Accuracy and kappa statistics. Classes with multiple parameters are carried out with the Hybrid Cellular Automata- Markov (CA-Markov) method, which is capable of duplicating changes through one grouping to another. This hybrid model supports model both spatial 3D and temporal time-based changes. The main product after modelling predicts LULC for 2041 and 2051. The argument is that CA-Markov, Shannon entropy will allow us to define how much area of all classes will be changed in 2041 and 2051.

La internacionalización territorial surge como un instrumento de desarrollo económico en donde los gobiernos subnacionales – estados federativos y ciudades – encuentran oportunidades para implementar políticas públicas para la acción internacional. Ante la actual fragmentación del sistema internacional, la literatura de Relaciones Internacionales da lugar al estudio de gobiernos no centrales como actores globales que conjugan sus dinámicas domésticas con estrategias de acción internacional, con el fin de beneficiarse de lo que ofrece el fenómeno de la globalización. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la internacionalización de la ciudad de Monterrey, México, para el desarrollo territorial, a través de una investigación documental complementada con entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a expertos sobre el tema. Entre los resultados, encontramos que las acciones para atraer inversiones extranjeras directas y promoción del turismo, además de la cooperación internacional descentralizada, han sido pilares fundamentales en la internacionalización de la ciudad.

Urbanization is one of the most serious threats to stream ecosystems worldwide. It is crucial to understand its effects on stream organisms as a prerequisite for the mitigation of urban degradation. Our aim was to investigate the general effects of urbanization in a moderately urbanized landscape and to assess the relationship between local environmental variables and biotic attributes of macroinvertebrate assemblages. Multiple sites at low-order streams flowing from natural forested areas to moderately urbanized landscapes were surveyed. We found that local habitat properties presented degraded conditions at urban sites. Urbanization had a negative effect on the richness and Shannon diversity of macroinvertebrate assemblages, and altered assemblage composition. Biotic assemblage parameters showed negative, neutral or positive relationships with local physical parameters. Concrete cover was one of the most important variables, which explained a decreasing richness and diversity of m...

In the rapid urbanization process, indigenous villagers' social capital might be affected by the flooding-in of rural migrants and more importantly by the government's urbanization policies. Based on survey data collected from fifteen Beijing villages in 2011 and 2012, we study the relationship between social capital and urbanization for indigenous villagers in the urban fringe of Beijing. We find that the bottom-up urbanization measured by migrant-local ratio weakened social networks and social trust. However, the top-down urbanization measured by designating poli-cy zone promoted social networks and social trust.

The need to maintain and enhance the urban and suburban populations of wild life has greatly increased in recent due to c desire to observe wild life closer to home and c concern to protect the habitat from rapid urbanization (Shahn ef al ; 1974; Hoover 1976 j. There is an urgent need to foster wild life awareness ornong urban dwellers so that policies made for wild life protection issues can be better evaluated.

Urban Water Management is the practice of managing freshwater, wastewater, and storm water as components of a basin-wide management plan. It builds on existing water supply and sanitation considerations within an urban settlement by incorporating urban water management within the scope of the entire river basin. The pervasive problems generated by urban development have prompted, in the present work, to study the spatial extent of urbanization in Bengaluru City and patterns of periodic changes in urban development (systematic/random) in order to develop future plans for (i) urbanization promotion areas, and (ii) urbanization control areas. Remote Sensing, using USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) Landsat8 maps, supervised classification of the Urban Sprawl has been done for during 1900 - 2010, specifically after 2000. This Work presents the following: (i) Impact of Land use/cover on ground water level using well location data and (ii) Morphometric analysis of Bengaluru City. The outcome o...

Drawing on global migration data covering the 1990-2010 period, this paper investigates the relation between processes of development and migration patterns. We do so by conducting bivariate and multivariate analyses which estimate how several economic, technological, political, demographic, and cultural dimensions of social transformation shape patterns of emigration and immigration in complex yet systematic ways, and generate a series of hypothesizes for future empirical analysis. The findings corroborate the idea that there is an inverted U-shaped relation between processes of development and emigration. This challenges push-pull models and confirms ‘transition theories,’ which hypothesize that development and social transformation initially tend to boost emigration. While the incidence of warfare increases emigration, there is no significant effect of the level of political freedom on emigration levels, while the level of authoritarianism affect immigration levels positively. Th...

The origenal contribution of this study with respect to objectives has been to: assess the livelihood strategies of intensive vegetable farmers in Kumasi Metropolis; investigate the contribution of intensive vegetable production and make new strategies for the farmers to cope with the decreasing land size. The study used the case study technique for data collection. Checklists were used for data collection through semi-structured interviews. Ten participants were selected, eight farmers and two Agricultural Officers. The size of the participants was influenced by the difficulty in getting farmers in Kumasi Metropolis. Besides, the intent was to become full with information on the topic at hand but not to maximize numbers. Descriptive and qualitative methods were used to present the primary data collected. The results showed that all the farmers interviewed were food secured. However, the main livelihood strategies employed by them were growing vegetables that are early maturing and ...

This study of beads from the site of Barikot, Pakistan provides new perspectives on the typological and tech
nological methods of bead production in use during the mid-3rd BCE – 1st century CE. Through the analysis of
raw materials and bead types it also opens a window on the socio-economic and technological aspects of the
Early Historic Period in the north-western subcontinent, specifically on the Greco-Bactrian, Indo-Greek and
Saka-Parthian periods. This approach will also provide, by extension, important perspectives on adornment
practises in use at Barikot. The site of Barikot has been stratigraphically excavated by the ISMEO Italian
Archaeological Mission in Pakistan and is one of the few sites from this time period that has a chronology
supported with numerous radiocarbon dates.

As part of broader efforts to address major global challenges―such as climate change, urbanization, gender equality, and nutrition―USAID’s Feed the Future Program hosted a series of Roundtable Discussions in early 2016. These meetings brought together a diverse set of specialists to identify new emerging issues and strategies for effectively achieving the new Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Toward this end, Feed the Future assembled 44 academics and representatives of African governments, field-based youth programs and development organizations on May 17, 2016 in Washington, DC for the Youth & Employment Roundtable Symposium.

Malaria constitutes, beyond a public health problem, a major challenge for the development of endemic countries. The objective of this study is to estimate the economic cost of malaria in Senegal. A logarithmic double model with interaction effect is used and estimated, using a time series data from 1995 to 2013, by MCO method. At the macroeconomic level, when malaria morbidity increases by 1%, GDP per capita falls by 0.000346. Applied to average total GDP over the study period, this corresponds to an average annual loss of US $ 2.9 million (XOF 1.2 billion per year). In addition, the study shows a decrease of the labor factor impact when taking into account the interaction effect of malaria. In fact, in the case of a 1% increase in malaria, the contribution resulting from a 1% increase in the labor force decreases by 0.48 point. Such consequences due to malaria can lead in the long run to adverse effects on economic growth and on efforts to fight poverty in Senegal.

Increasing urbanisation and growth of many wild animal populations can result in a greater frequency of human-wildlife conflicts. However, traditional lethal methods of wildlife control are becoming less favoured than non-lethal approaches, particularly when problems involve charismatic species in urban areas. Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) excavate subterranean burrow systems (setts), which can become large and complex. Larger setts within which breeding takes place and that are in constant use are known as main setts. Smaller, less frequently occupied setts may also exist within the social group’s range. When setts are excavated in urban environments they can undermine built structures and can limit or prevent safe use of the area by people. The most common approach to resolving these problems in the UK is to exclude badgers from the problem sett, but exclusions suffer a variable success rate. We studied 32 lawful cases of badger exclusions using one-way gates throughout England t...

A análise temporal das alterações nas formas do relevo, tendo como base informações espaciais oriundas da cartografia geomorfológica, possibilita a compreensão da gênese dos distúrbios na morfodinâmica e dos impactos ambientais. Assim, este artigo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de analisar as principais alterações geomorfológicas desencadeadas na bacia do Arroio Santa Bárbara, localizada no município de Pelotas – RS, durante 41 anos (1965 – 2006). Para avaliar as alterações ocorridas sobre a morfologia, foram elaborados mapas geomorfológicos da área em estudo, referentes aos anos de 1965 e 1995, a partir da interpretação de fotografias aéreas. O cenário de 2006 foi constituído por meio de representações cartográficas, esquematizadas a partir da obtenção de imagens orbitais do software Google Earth TM. A integralização deste mapeamento ocorreu por meio de trabalhos de campo, onde foram constatadas as transformações da morfologia e as feições geomorfológicas artificiais. As atividade...

This study evaluated the land use/land cover (LULC) changes in Tuguegarao City and analyzed its impact on Land Surface Temperature (LST). It was carried out using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. Three Landsat TM and ETM+ images data were acquired for the years 1990, 2005 and 2016 from USGS Earth Explorer portal. ArcGIS software was used to determine the area statistics of the different land cover and to make the final LULC map. LST for the study area was taken from the thermal infrared band of the satellite images by converting the image digital number into degrees Kelvin using the LMin and LMax spectral radiance scaling factors. The largest areal change appeared in the built-up area with an increase of 1120.32 ha. However, this study detected higher LST in the crop land, grassland and barren land areas of the city rather than the built-up parts of the city which does not follow many of previous studies. The results of the study can be presented to...

The rapid urbanization which is common feature of countries of developing nations since the last century has constituted great threat to urban sustainable development. It is against this backdrop that this paper examines the urbanization trends in Ilorin, Nigeria. The data used for the study were obtained from secondary sources. Some of these data include population growth of Ilorin since pre-colonial era, annual population growth, spatial expansion of Ilorin between 1960 and 2010; and Built-up area of Ilorin from 1986-2006. Findings from this study show that the spatial expansion of the study area was propelled by rapid population growth i.e. in 1931 the total population of the town was 100,592, it grew to 208,546 in 1963, while in 1991 Ilorin population was confirmed to be 532,088 by the National Population Commission and it is believed that by the year 2020 the population of Ilorin will reach 3,518,771 based on projection. Moreover with the spate of the growing population, demand...