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Control and Coordination

The document summarizes the structure and function of the nervous system. It describes how neurons are the basic structural and functional units, and how they communicate via electrical and chemical signals. It outlines the main components of the central nervous system including the brain and spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system including cranial and spinal nerves. It also describes some key functions and processes like reflex arcs, cerebrospinal fluid, and the roles of the autonomic and endocrine systems.

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Vibhor Kaushik
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35 views2 pages

Control and Coordination

The document summarizes the structure and function of the nervous system. It describes how neurons are the basic structural and functional units, and how they communicate via electrical and chemical signals. It outlines the main components of the central nervous system including the brain and spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system including cranial and spinal nerves. It also describes some key functions and processes like reflex arcs, cerebrospinal fluid, and the roles of the autonomic and endocrine systems.

Uploaded by

Vibhor Kaushik
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control and Coordination

Neurons: Structural and functional units of nervous system. Each neuron is formed of a cyton (cell body), from which arise a number of smaller branched processes called dendrites and a single larger axon. Nervous System: It is composed of

neurons

and

neuroglia

(supporting connective tissue). Axons terminal branches (telodendria) are swollen at the tip called synaptic knobs or terminal buttons. A cyton contains a central nucleus in the cytoplasm, nissls granules (RNA granules), and neurofibrils (also present in axons). Axon: It is formed of a cylinder (axoplasm), surrounded by axolemma, which in turn is surrounded by myelin sheath and Schwann cells. Central Nervous System: It includes brain and spinal cord. Peripheral Nervous System: It includes nerves arising from brain (cranial nerves) and spinal cord (spinal nerves). Autonomic system. Sponges lack nerve cells and coelenterates (Hydra) possess scattered nerve cells united with nerve fibres. Invertebrates possess ventral solid nervous system (brain and double ventral cord). Vertebrates (having backbone) have dorsal, hollow nervous system. Myelinated coloured. Spinal Cord: It is present in the neural canal of vertebral column. fibres are white and non-myelinated are grey Nervous System: It includes sympathetic and parasympathetic system connected with the peripheral nervous

Cerebrospinal Fluid: It is found in the cavities of brain, central canal of spinal cord and in between arachnoid and piamater. Hindbrain includes cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata. Reflex Action: It is the immediate response of the spinal cord to a sudden impulse. It is conducted by the spinal cord. Reflex Arc: It is basic functional unit of reflex action coming through dorsal root ganglion to the spinal cord and motor neuron with or without association neuron.

Endocrine Glands: The ductless glands which produce their secretions directly into the blood. Sensory Fibres: These carry impulses to central nervous system. Motor nerve fibres transmit response to effector organs.

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