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    Characteristics of Fast Fracture in Metals

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    Anonymous JOOQkGbwoR
    1) The document discusses different types of fast fracture that can occur in metals, including cleavage, intergranular fracture, and microvoid coalescence. 2) Intergranular fracture, also known as "rock candy" fracture, usually indicates embrittlement or processing problems and can occur via either cleavage or intergranular mechanisms depending on local stresses. 3) Figures 1-3 illustrate intergranular fracture in HY 80 steel charged with hydrogen, showing quasi-cleavage initiating cracks and the fracture changing to intergranular as cracks grow and relieve hydrogen pressure.

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    Characteristics of Fast Fracture in Metals

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    Anonymous JOOQkGbwoR
    48 views2 pages
    1) The document discusses different types of fast fracture that can occur in metals, including cleavage, intergranular fracture, and microvoid coalescence. 2) Intergranular fracture, also known as "rock candy" fracture, usually indicates embrittlement or processing problems and can occur via either cleavage or intergranular mechanisms depending on local stresses. 3) Figures 1-3 illustrate intergranular fracture in HY 80 steel charged with hydrogen, showing quasi-cleavage initiating cracks and the fracture changing to intergranular as cracks grow and relieve hydrogen pressure.

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    1) The document discusses different types of fast fracture that can occur in metals, including cleavage, intergranular fracture, and microvoid coalescence. 2) Intergranular fracture, also known as "rock candy" fracture, usually indicates embrittlement or processing problems and can occur via either cleavage or intergranular mechanisms depending on local stresses. 3) Figures 1-3 illustrate intergranular fracture in HY 80 steel charged with hydrogen, showing quasi-cleavage initiating cracks and the fracture changing to intergranular as cracks grow and relieve hydrogen pressure.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    48 views2 pages

    Characteristics of Fast Fracture in Metals

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous JOOQkGbwoR
    1) The document discusses different types of fast fracture that can occur in metals, including cleavage, intergranular fracture, and microvoid coalescence. 2) Intergranular fracture, also known as "rock candy" fracture, usually indicates embrittlement or processing problems and can occur via either cleavage or intergranular mechanisms depending on local stresses. 3) Figures 1-3 illustrate intergranular fracture in HY 80 steel charged with hydrogen, showing quasi-cleavage initiating cracks and the fracture changing to intergranular as cracks grow and relieve hydrogen pressure.

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    CHARACTERISTICS OF FAST FRACTURE IN METALS

    The information that is presented here is generic, in the sense that fractographic features are
    greatly affected by microstructural variation, composition and environment but, usually, the
    following comments apply and the features illustrated will be apparent.
    a) Micro-appearance
    This resource will cover only simple examples of micro-features of cleavage, intergranular
    fracture and microvoid coalescence.
    Intergranular Fracture
    Intergranular fracture (also known as 'rock candy' fracture in structures with a coarse grain size,
    e.g. castings) is another low energy form of fracture that usually indicates either an
    embrittlement problem or a processing problem (quench cracking). It is important to remember
    that most forms of embrittlement (stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen, liquid metal) can occur
    by either cleavage or intergranular mechanisms (or even MVC in some cases), depending on the
    local stresses and the alloy and microstructure. In this respect see, for instance, reference 1
    below. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate this for HY 80 pressure vessel steel (2Ni 1Cr Mo) which
    has been charged with hydrogen under an applied tensile stress to induce small cracks. Quasicleavage occurs where the crack initiates (the stresses are highest), and the fracture changes to
    intergranular as the crack grows and relieves the hydrogen pressure. The classic form of
    intergranular fracture is shown in Figure 3.

    Figure 1 Quasi-cleavage and IG fracture


    Interestingly, IG fracture can also occur in fatigue by at least two mechanisms. The first occurs
    by an environmental mechanism during fatigue crack growth, when the crack tip plastic zone
    size becomes of the same order as the grain dimension. When cracks in steels are growing in a
    moist air environment isolated IG facets are observed on the fatigue fracture surface in this range
    of growth growths (which correspond to the 'knee' in the crack growth rate curve, at the
    transition from the Paris law regime to the threshold regime of growth). Figure 4 illustrates such
    IG facetting. The second mechanism occurs at low growth rates in low carbon interstitial-free
    (IF) grades of steel used, for example, in car door panels (Figure 5). In both cases the local
    plasticity is limited in extent to less than the grain size. In such cases (and in cases of brittle
    fracture involving segregation of precipitates to grain boundaries) fine-scale MVC may be
    observed on the IG facets (Figure 6).

    Figure 4 Isolated IG facets of fatigue fracture surface


    Other forms of intergranular fracture, e.g. interdentritic (see Figure 4, Part 3) and inter-pearlitic
    (see Figure 7, Part 4), are also found and have been illustrated in other parts of this resource.
    Try our your expertise in identifying the various mechanism of fracture in the example given in
    the Activity.

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