International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)

ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-2, Issue-4, April 2014

Fault Ride-Through Capability Improved by using

Bridge-type Fault Current Limiter for Fixed-speed
wind Turbine
Ishraque Ahmad, Prabodh Khampariya, Jaiprakash Tiwari
variable-speed wind turbine (VSWT). New wind turbine
Abstract The relations between wind turbines and grid generation systems are regularly VSWT. But, over the past
results in rising short-circuit level and fault ride-through (FRT) years, FSWTs have been installed in large size in power grids.
capacity problem throughout fault situation. In this paper, the Detailed technical developments, made in reaction to FRT
bridge type fault current limiter (FCL) with discharge resistor is
requirements of both FSWT and VSWT, can be characterized
used for solve these trouble. For this FCL, a control system is
planned, which use the dc reactor current as control changeable, as follows:
to change the terminal voltage of induction generator (IG) 1) Dynamic reactive power compensation (RPC) by using
without measure any parameter of scheme. In this paper, the FACTS device such as SVC and STATCOM
wind energy conversion system (WECS) is a fixed-speed system 2) Pitch control
able to with a squirrel-cage IG. The drive train is representing 3) Rotor converter protection by crowbar resistor.
by a two-mass model. The analytical and simulation studies of 4) Brake resistor.
the bridge-type FCL and proposed control system for The simulation results concludes that a 0.05 per unit (p.u.)
restraining the fault current and recovering FRT ability are SDBR is equivalent to 0.4 p.u dynamic RPC. It means that the
offered and compare with the force of the request of the series
SDBR is more effective than RPC. An important design factor
dynamic braking resistor (SDBR). Fault ride-through condition
planned in recent transmission and distribution grid codes for SDBR is its quick incorporation and early switching out of
identify that wind-turbine generators (WTGs) must stay linked the dynamic resistor. The bridge-type fault current limiter
to electricity network. A particular problem about power (FCL) with discharge resistor is used for solving problems of
converter-based WTGs is that measure controller planned for the relations of WECS and power grid. The addition of the
dependable process approximately nominal voltage levels will fault current is partial by dc reactor without any wait. This
not work as planned throughout low network voltages that can quality of the bridge-type FCL suppress the immediate
happen during a fault. An effect of this is really improved voltage drop and it is able to develop transitory performance
converter currents, which may lead to converter breakdown. of WECS in fault instant, which is the main advantage of the
This paper present a nonlinear controller propose for a power
converter-based WTG that ensure that current levels remain
bridge-type FCL to other FRT improvement technique. On
within design limits, even at really reduced voltage levels, thus the other hand, the discharge resistor of the bridge-type FCL
attractive the WTGs fault ride-through capacity. aim to add to the voltage at the terminal of the generator
thereby mitigate the destabilize electrical torque and power
Index Terms Modeling and simulation of power systems, during the fault. The WECS is considered as a fixed-speed
Fault Current Limiter, Fixed speed wind Turbine, SDBR system equipped with a squirrel-cage IG. [1]
The performance of wind generation systems in normal and
fault conditions depends on the technology on which they are
I. INTRODUCTION base. Changeable speed wind generators are able to manage
the reactive power exchange with the grid (in a limited range)
Inter connection between grid and wind turbine has been due to the power electronic devices that they include. It is
extensively investigate in recent years. Two main problems necessary to protect this electronic procedure, much more
during the fault condition are the short-circuit level increases responsive than the electrical device itself, from the over
and fault ride-through (FRT) capacity decreases. The current and over voltages that track any unexpected voltage
relationship of wind turbines to the grid causes the fault difference. This is achieve by disconnect them and by linking
current level increase outside capability of existing power debauchery supplementary elements (crowbar), which
equipments in some points of grids. This not only capacity are also used for speed up the machine demagnetization and
damage the series equipments but also can cause harmful decreasing the short-circuit current. During the fault
effect on FRT capacity of wind turbines. The reaction of the improvement, and once the hardest transitory has been damp,
wind industry to FRT requirements differ according to wind fixed power electronic converters can give to voltage
turbine technology. There are two main types of wind turbines improvement by reactive power insertion. But, in some
used today: the fixed-speed wind turbine (FSWT) and the belongings it may not be enough and it may be required to add
additional reactive reparation devices to undertaking the
Manuscript received April 19, 2014.
implementation of the fault ride-through requests. About
Ishraque Ahmad, Shri Sataya Sai college of Engineering and fixed-speed generators, they do not have the capacity to
Technology (Sehore) Bhopal India control their reactive power replace because they always need
Prabodh Khampariya, Shri Sataya Sai college of Engineering and to take in a particular amount of reactive power. [4]. Thus,
Technology (Sehore) Bhopal India
Jaiprakash Tiwari, Shri Sataya Sai college of Engineering and
they generally consist of fixed reactive power maintain policy
Technology (Sehore) Bhopal India (capacitors) meant at obtain a unit power factor in regular

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Fault Ride-Through Capability Improved by using Bridge-type Fault Current Limiter for Fixed-speed wind Turbine

process situation. These devices are incapable to supply the II. PROBLEM FORMULATION AND IDENTIFICATION
functionalities demand by new interconnection requests,
mainly in fault conditions due to the quadratic reduce of their The relations between wind turbines and grid have been
power insertion capacity. Both normal and fault condition widely investigated in current years. some generator types are
operation of wind farms can be optimized by using power in use for wind power application nowadays. The main
electronic reimbursement devices such as SVCs (Static VAr difference can be made between fixed speed and variable
Compensator) and STATCOMs (Static Synchronous speed wind generator types. Variable speed wind power
Compensator).SVC systems are made up of Thyristor generation skill encompasses the operation of wind turbines at
Controlled Reactors (TCR) and Thyristor Switched most favourable power coefficient for a wide wind speed
Capacitors (TSC). STATCOM devices are untainted power variety. The two most widely used variable speed wind
electronic systems made up of IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar generator concepts are the converter driven synchronous
Transistor), IGCT (Integrated Gate-Commutated Thyristor) generator and the DFIG.
or GTO (Gate Turn-off Thyristor) based converters. Compare The DFIG is a wound rotor induction generator with a voltage
to SVCs, STATCOMs are quicker, lesser, and have better source converter connected to the slip-rings of the rotor. The
performance at cheap voltages. As it can be seen the stator winding is attached directly to the grid and the rotor
STATCOM can work with its rated current even at compact winding is associated to the grid via a power electronic
voltages. Hence, the inject reactive power vary linearly with converter. For power system immovability study, model of a
the voltage. On the different the current inject by the SVC DFIG should be careful for steady state analysis as well as for
decrease linearly with the voltage and as a result the injected large trouble dynamic investigation. Even though the wind
reactive power decrease quadratic ally. This quality makes the turbines are circulated within the wind farm, the mass power
STATCOM better suitable for transients such as voltage sag from the latter is related to the grid at a lone substation. As a
and therefore for the application analyzed in this work. [4] result, WTGs within the farm are aggregate into a single unit
Therefore, in order to create an accurate model of a wind having an MVA rating equal to the outline of the MVA rating
generator to be used in transient stability studies, Wind of the individual units. Also, as DFIG units have reactive
generators are mainly classified as fixed speed or variable power ability, the wind farm is modeled in a way parallel to
speed. Among mainly fixed-speed units, the turbine drives an the usual generator for steady state analysis and is represent as
induction generator that is directly linked to the grid. The a PV bus with suitable VAr limits. Some components that
turbine speed varies very little due to the vertical angle of the give to the dynamic performance of a DFIG are outline as
generators torque-speed characteristic; therefore, it is termed follows and included in the analysis conduct turbine
a fixed-speed system. With a variable-speed unit, the aerodynamics;
generator is linked to the grid using power-electronic a) Turbine mechanical control (also called pitch control) that
converter technology. This allows the turbine speed to be controls the mechanical power delivered to the shaft;
forced to exploit performance (e.g., power capture). Both b) Shaft dynamics model as a two mass shaft, one mass
approach are regular in the wind industry. We centre of represent rotor/turbine blades and the second represent the
attention on model the fixed-speed part and an equal model of generator;
quite a few fixed-speed units in a wind park. The first-mode c) Generator electrical characteristicsas the rotor side
mechanical frequency of a classic wind turbine is in the 0- to converter drives the rotor current very fast, the rotor flux
12-Hz range; this is also the array for electromechanical dynamics is ignored and the model behaves as a controlled
oscillations. As a result, the mechanical sensations of the wind current source;
turbine cooperate with the electromechanical dynamics. d) Electrical controlsthree controllers are used to give
Therefore, in order to make correct model of a wind generator controls for frequency/active power, voltage/reactive power,
to be used in transitory immovability study, the first-mode and pitch angle/mechanical power;
mechanical turbine dynamics must be exactly represent. The e) Protection relay settings. [2],
wind-generator model existing here is copied by conduct Two main problems throughout the fault condition are the
model decrease on a thorough 650th-order finite-element short-circuit level increase and fault ride-through (FRT)
model of a classic horizontal-axis turbine. smooth and ability decrease. There are two main types of wind turbines
mechanical dynamics are cheap resultant in a nonlinear used today: the fixed-speed wind turbine (FSWT) and the
4th-order two-inertia turbine model mutual with a model variable-speed wind turbine (VSWT). Current wind turbine
generator . Simulation is obtainable to show the correctness of generation systems are usually VSWT. But, over the past
the model. [6] years, FSWTs have been installing in large size in power
Fixed speed induction generator (FSIG) wind turbine.This grids.
wind turbine uses a squirrel cage induction generator that is Detailed technical development, made in response to FRT
attached to the power system through a between transformer. needs of both FSWT and VSWT, can be considered as
As the stator voltage of most wind turbine electrical follows. [1]
generators is 690 V, this transformer is necessary for link to 1) Dynamic reactive power compensation (RPC) by means of
the supply network and should be consider when model the FACTS device such as SVC and STATCOM;
electrical relations with the power system. Induction 2) Pitch control;
machines get through reactive power and so it is usual to give 3) Rotor converter protection by crowbar resistor;
power factor improvement capacitors at each wind turbine. 4) Braking resistor. [1]
These are typically rated at around 30% of the wind farm 2.1 Dynamic reactive power compensation (RPC) by using
capacity and are used to pay compensation the induction FACTS device such as SVC and STATCOM:
machine magnetising current. [7]

226 www.erpublication.org
 International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-2, Issue-4, April 2014
The performance of wind generation systems in usual and achieve depends on the outstanding voltage value, the apathy
fault situation depends on the technology on which they are of the system, the period of the fault and the quantity of power
base. Variable speed wind generators are able to control the extract from the wind. This speed must be lower than the
reactive power exchange with the grid (in a limited range) due greatest reasonable speed to avoid the separation of the
to the power electronic devices that they include. It is generator.
essential to save from harm these electronic devices, much After the fault clear, the generator consumes large amount of
more aware than the electrical machine itself, from the over reactive power due to its magnetization and to the add to of
current and over voltages that follow any rapid voltage the machine slip throughout the fault. This power use makes it
difference. This is achieve by disconnect them and by linking not easy the revival of the terminal voltage. The most
power rakishness secondary elements (crowbar), which are excellent way to avoid fault imitative problems on wind
also used for speed up the machine demagnetization and generators and progress their ride-through capacity is to
falling the short-circuit current. Throughout the fault control the relation point voltage by compensate voltage sags.
improvement, and once the hardest transitory has been damp, This way the generator will be protected from any voltage
fixed power electronic converters can add to voltage revival defect. This being able to be done by using a series power
by reactive power insertion. But, in some cases it may not be electronic compensator Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR)
enough and it may be essential to add additional reactive which inject the essential voltage in the system in order to
recompense devices to assurance the execution of the fault keep the generator voltage stable. However, this compensator
ride-through wants. About fixed-speed generators, they do requires active power combination ability during faults, and it
not have the ability to rule their reactive power swap because may also need an active power handling capacity in normal
they always need to attract a exacting amount of reactive operation conditions in order to avoid an excessive wind farm
power. voltage modification. [4].
Consequently, they generally consist of fixed reactive power
carry devices (capacitors) meant at obtain a unit power factor
in standard process situation. These devices are not capable to
supply the functionalities demand by new interconnection III. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
needs, particularly in fault situation due to the quadratic
reduce of their power insertion ability. Both normal and fault The use of shunt FACTS controllers to improve the fault
condition operation of wind farms can be optimized by using ride-through of induction generators (IGs) by RPC. The RPC
power electronic compensation devices such as SVCs (Static method, which can be provide by STATCOM and SVC, can
VAr Compensator) and STATCOMs (Static Synchronous only control the reactive power after fault happening. Thus,
Compensator). SVC systems are made up of Thyristor the RPC method is able only to reduce voltage fluctuations of
Controlled Reactors devices are pure power electronic the IG after fault happening [5], [8]. The pitch control system
systems made up of IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar is the cheapest key for the wind generator stabilization, but its
Transistor), IGCT (Integrated Gate-Commutated Thyristor) reply is slow.
or GTO(Gate Turn-off Thyristor) based con-verters.
Compared to SVCs, STATCOMs are faster, smaller, and have TABLE I
better performance at compact voltages. As the STATCOM WIND TECHNOLOGY ENHANCEMENTS TO MEET FRT
can be operate with its rated current even at reduced voltages. CHALLENGE
Hence, the inject reactive power varies linearly with the
voltage.This characteristic makes the STATCOM improved
suitable for transients such as voltage sag and therefore for the
application analyzed. [4]

2.2 FAULT RIDE-THROUGH CAPABILITY

IMPROVEMENT OF FIXED-SPEED WIND TURBINES

.Short-circuits have a dual result on wind turbines: electrical

and mechanical. The main electrical result is the
demagnetization of the rotor while the most important
mechanical one is the rotor speed increase. These effects are
visible from the start of the fault until a few seconds after its As a result, the pitch control system cannot be considered as a
clear.The terminal voltage drop provoke the demagnetization useful stabilization means for wind energy conversion system
of the stator flux. However, the rotor flux can not decrease (WECS). In [3], series dynamic braking resistor (SDBR) has
immediately and therefore the machine current goes through a been standard and used as a gainful calculate for the
hard transitory.Terminal voltage, stator RMS current and improvement of FRT. In [3], direct link of SDBR and
rotor speed of a wind turbine after a 0.1 s short-circuit. As the dynamic RPC has been represent. The simulation results
period of the transitory is quite short the generator can endure conclude that a 0.05 per unit (p.u.) SDBR is equivalent to 0.4
it without main problems. [4] p.u dynamic RPC. It means that the SDBR is more helpful
The active power export to the grid is considerably abridged than RPC. A significant mean issue for SDBR is its quick
throughout the fault while the input mechanical power from addition and early switch out of the dynamic resistor. The
the wind turbine is approximately stable. Therefore, the bridge-type fault current limiter (FCL) with discharge resistor
generator will go faster during the short-circuit in order to is used for solving trouble of the interface of WECS and
mechanically store the energy excess. The most speed that is power grid. The increase of the fault current is limited by dc

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Fault Ride-Through Capability Improved by using Bridge-type Fault Current Limiter for Fixed-speed wind Turbine

reactor without any wait. This characteristic of the near-instantaneous tripping of the switch. Current would then
bridge-type FCL suppress the immediate voltage drop and it flow through the inserted resistor for the period of the fault
is able to develop transient performance of WECS in fault and the initial post-fault revival. When voltage improved
instant, which is the main advantage of the bridge-type FCL to above a lowest reference level, the switch would close and the
other FRT improvement techniques. On the other hand, the circuit would be restore to its usual state. During the short
discharge resistor of the bridge-type FCL aims to raise the introduction period, the energy would be dissolute in the
voltage at the terminals of the generator, thereby justifying the resistor, raise its heat. The resistor would be particular
destabilize electrical torque and power during the fault. The according to the warning high temperature of its resistive
WECS is careful as a fixed-speed system able to with a elements and the most energy dissipates during the insertion
squirrel-cage IG. The simulation results show that not only the period. The advantage of series-SDBR over shunt-DBR is
fault current is limited but also FRT ability of WECS is derived from the fact that its effect is related to current
improved. Also, a relative study of bridge-type FCL and magnitude rather than voltage magnitude. SDBR is therefore
SDBR for improving FRT ability is accepted out. [1].The most effective during the mutual high generation, low
wind industry has responded to the beginning of FRT needs in outstanding voltage conditions that are most difficult for FRT.
several ways according to wind turbine technology type. For We know generated power is transfer across the wind farm
the purpose of considering FRT response, it is suitable to system, while surplus dynamic power is store in its drive train
classify commercial wind turbines in four main types, and heat is dissipate by SDBR. As we know that stator voltage
A) fixed-speed wind turbines (FSWTs) with fixed pitch; is increased in magnitude by the voltage across SDBR. Since
B) FSWTs with variable pitch (active stall); mechanical torque is proportional to the square of the stator
C) variable-speed wind turbines (VSWTs) with doubly-fed voltage of an induction machine, it can be indirect that the
induction generators (DFIGs); attendance of SDBR will add to the mechanical power extract
D) VSWTs with fully-rated converters. from the abstract advantage of SBDR under fault conditions.
The purpose of this paper is to present detailed analysis and [3].
transient simulation results of its performance and assess its
beneficial effects compared to state-of-art alternatives [3].
The SDBR idea aims to give directly to the balance of active IV. 4. SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULT
power during a fault, thus displace or eliminate the need for
pitch control. It does this by animatedly insert a resistor in the 4.1 simulated power system
generation circuit, rising the voltage at the terminals of the
generator and thereby justifying the destabilizing despair of A single line diagram of power system with FCL is shown in
electrical torque and power throughout the fault period.The Fig.2. The parameter of this system is listed in Table I.
schematic planning of SDBR is shown in Fig.1.SDBR is
shown situated between the wind turbine(s) and the grid in
Fig. 1.

Fig.2. Simulated power system

Fig. 1. SBDR schematic arrangement A three-phase short-circuit fault is simulated on transmission

line 2 (L2 ), which starts at t = 2 s. After 200 ms, the circuit
breaker cut off the faulted line. The voltage verge of the
The actual location of the device within an exacting wind farm terminal of the IG is equal to the 0.9 p.u. A capacitor bank of
topology will depend on the gap accessible to install it and the 200 kVAR is connected to the terminal of
relation cost of switch at low, medium, and high voltage. The
bypass switch could be mechanical, allow multi-cycle reply
and isolated control, or static, and allow sub-cycle response
and easily erratic control. A single-stage mechanical the IG to balance the steady-state reactive power demand for
switching as the lowest cost and least complex option with IG. [1]
possible to powerfully contribute to FRT fulfilment of 4.2 With and Without Using Bridge-Type FCL
FSWTs.SDBR would function with its switch closed under The simulations are carried out for following cases:
normal conditions, bypass the braking resistor. Voltage 1) Case 1: Without using any FCL
despair below a selected set-point would lead to 2) Case 2: By using the bridge-type FCL and resistor

228 www.erpublication.org
 International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-2, Issue-4, April 2014
8000

TABLE 2
6000
PARAMETERS OF TEST SYSTEM
4000

Fault Current (A)

2000

-2000

-4000

-6000
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Time (S)

Fig.4 Fault current with FCL

Fig. 5 and 6 shows the rms value of the point of common

coupling (PCC) voltage in both cases. It can be observed that
in case 1 the PCC voltage decreases to zero approximately.
The bridge-type FCL not only reduces the voltage sag to 0.9
p.u., but also prevents immediate voltage sag at the fault
immediate and the voltage recovery process is superior.

1.4

1.2

1
Voltage (V)

. 0.8

0.6

0.4

4.3 SIMULATION RESULTS:

0.2
A single line diagram of power system with FCL is shown in
Fig. 2. The parameter of this system are listed in Table 2. A 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Time (S)
three-phase short-circuit fault is simulated on transmission
line 2 (L2), which starts at t = 2 s. After 200 ms, the circuit
breaker cut off the faulted line. The voltage threshold of the
terminal of the IG is equal to the 0.9 p.u. A capacitor bank of Fig.5 Fault voltage without FCL
200 kVAR is connected to the terminal of the IG to .
compensate the steady-state reactive power demand for IG
With and Without Using Bridge-Type FCL . 1.4

The simulations are carried out for following cases: 1.2

1) Case 1: Without using any FCL; 1

2) Case 2: By using the bridge-type FCL and resistor.

Voltage (V)

0.8
Fig. 5 and 6 shows the fault current of the line 2 for both cases
(1 and 2). In the case 1, the fault current increases to the peak 0.6

value of 8 kA, approximately. By using the bridge-type FCL, 0.4

the fault current is limited to the peak value of 6.3 kA. 0.2

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Time (S)

10000

8000 Fig.6.Fault voltage with FCL

6000

Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 10 show the electrical torque and voltage

Fault Current (A)

4000

2000 versus rotor speed, respectively. It can be seen that FCL

0
prevent from voltage sag and rotor increase of rate
-2000
throughout the fault. According to the electrical torque is
-4000
proportional to the square of the terminal voltage and
-6000
inversely proportional to slip and rotor speed. Therefore,
-8000
these results in decreasing the electrical torque and accelerate
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Time (S) the rotor during the fault and thus getting better the stability of
IG. Also, the simulation results verify the results of analytical
Fig.3 Fault current without FCL studies in Section.Figs. 11,12 ,13 and 14 shows the rotor
speed of the IG and the electrical torque, respectively. As
shown in Fig. 13 and 14 the generator rotor speed swings are
reduced in case 2 effectively.

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Fault Ride-Through Capability Improved by using Bridge-type Fault Current Limiter for Fixed-speed wind Turbine

Figs. 11,12 ,13 and 14 shows the rotor speed of the

IG and the electrical torque, respectively. As shown in Fig. 13
and 14 the generator rotor speed swings are reduced in case 2
effectively. These results show that the bridge-type FCL with
discharging resistor can provide an effective damping to the
post-fault oscillations.shown in Fig. 7 and 8 the variation of
the electrical torque is reduced in case 2. The bridge-type FCL
is very effective in suppressing the variations of the electrical
torque during the fault and swings after fault clearing.

1.15

1.1

Speed (pu)
Fig.7 Torque verses speed without FCL
1.05

1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Time (S)

Fig.11.Speed verses time without FCL

1.035

1.03

1.025
Speed (pu)

1.02

1.015

1.01

Fig. 8 Torque verses speed with FCL 1.005

1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Time (S)

Fig.12.Speed verses time with FCL

1.5

0.5
Electrical Torque (pu)

-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2

-2.5

-3
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Time (S)

Fig.9.Voltage verses speed without FCL

Fig.13.Torque verses time without FCL

0.6

0.4

0.2
Electrical Torque (pu)

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1

-1.2

-1.4
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Time (S)
Fig.14.Torque verses time with FCL

Fig.10.Voltage verses speed with FCL Figs. 15, 16, 17 and 18 show the total active power generated
by the induction generator and the total reactive power

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 International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869, Volume-2, Issue-4, April 2014
exchange between the Induction generator and the grid, V. CONCLUSION
respectively. During the fault (2 s < t < 2.2 s), the active
power generated by the Induction generator is significantly In this paper, the application of the bridge-type FCL, which
reduced by using the bridge-type FCL, as shown in Fig. 17 has a control scheme based on dc reactor current
and 18. Fig. 19 and 20 shows the total reactive power measurement, has been proposed for improving the FRT
exchange between the Induction generator and the grid. After capability of FSWT and limiting the fault current. Based on
fault clearing (at t = 2.2 s), the absorbed reactive power from simulation results of a system with an FSWT and the
the grid is significantly reduced (negative values in Fig. 20). bridge-type FCL, the following points can be drawn:
However, compared with the case 1, the IG delivers more 1) During the fault condition, the increment of the fault
active power to the power grid in case 2, and the reactive current
power absorbed by the Induction generator is reduced, which is limited by dc reactor without any delay and smoothing the
helps to avoid other problems such as voltage collapse and surge current waveform and prevention from instantaneously
recovery process. deep voltage drop during fault. This characteristic of
2.5
bridge-type FCL improves transient behavior of FSWT
2 system in fault instant before inserting discharging resistor in
series with dc reactor.
Active power(pu)

1.5

2) Then, by controlling the duration of ON and OFF periods

1
of semiconductor switch generates a controllable resistor in
0.5 order to control the terminal voltage of IG at threshold value
0
during fault, which causes reducing the rotor acceleration and
stabilizing the system by consuming the dc reactor energy
-0.5
0 0.5 1 1.5
Time (S)
2 2.5 3 over limiting fault current in acceptable level.
3) The comparison with SDBR shows that the bridge-type
Fig.15 Active power (p.u)verses time without FCL
FCL is more effective for enhancement of FRT capability
than SDBR.
1.4

1.2

1
REFERENCES
Active power(pu)

0.8

0.6

0.4 [1] M. Firouzi and G. B. Gharehpetian, Improving Fault Ride-Through

0.2
Capability of Fixed-Speed Wind Turbine by Using Bridge-Type Fault
0
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0
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Reactive power(pu)

-1
10731082, Oct.2006
-2

-3

-4

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-6

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0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Time (S)

Fig.18 Reactive power (p.u)verses time with FCL

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