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Composition

Distillation is a process that involves heating a liquid mixture until it evaporates, then cooling the vapors until they condense back into liquid form. This allows for the separation of liquids with different boiling points. There are two main types: simple distillation, which separates two liquids, and fractional distillation, which uses a fractionating column to separate liquids with similar boiling points. The key steps in distillation are heating to evaporate the mixture, cooling to condense the vapors, and collecting the purified liquids. Distillation is widely used to purify substances on both large and small scales.

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60 views2 pages

Composition

Distillation is a process that involves heating a liquid mixture until it evaporates, then cooling the vapors until they condense back into liquid form. This allows for the separation of liquids with different boiling points. There are two main types: simple distillation, which separates two liquids, and fractional distillation, which uses a fractionating column to separate liquids with similar boiling points. The key steps in distillation are heating to evaporate the mixture, cooling to condense the vapors, and collecting the purified liquids. Distillation is widely used to purify substances on both large and small scales.

Uploaded by

Chin Ramos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DISTILLATION PROCESS

Distillation is a process that involves the conversion of a liquid into vapor that is
subsequently condensed back to liquid form. The most common method of distillation used in
the industry and laboratory research is simple distillation. This is a basic operation by which two
liquids with different boiling points can be separated. Since simple distillation is not efficient for
separating liquids whose boiling points lie close to one another, a method called fractional
distillation has been developed for certain applications. Fractional distillation is essentially the
same as simple distillation except that a fractionating column is placed between the boiling flask
and the condenser.

A distillation set-up consists mostly of glassware. A distilling flask, supported by an iron


rod and ring, is a sphere-shaped base flask with a narrow neck used to separate two liquids with
different boiling points by heating. Heating is done through the use of a Bunsen burner. A
component made of entirely metal, once connected to a source of fuel, usually methane, the
Bunsen burner can be ignited with a spark. If a thermometer, a device made of glass use to
measure temperature, is added to the distillation apparatus, the vapor of a boiling liquid will
condense on the thermometer bulb. The condenser is located at the top of the distillation column.
An adapter connects the distilling flask to a condenser into which cold water is constantly passed
through. The condenser leads into a receiving flask, usually Erlenmeyer flask, for the purified
liquid. Erlenmeyer flask is a conical, flat-bottomed laboratory flask with a narrow neck use to
hold liquids.

Simple and Fractional distillation both involves four chemical operations which are
heating, evaporating, cooling, and condensing to obtain the final product.

The first major step in a distillation process is heating. Before heating, you have to choose
what heat source you are going to use during the process. After choosing, it is needed to place
the heat source in its correct position in order to place the distillation flask in it. In the distillation
flask, boiling chips will then be added together with the solution. After the addition of the chips,
the distillation flask will be heated slowly. After boiling the mixture, some substances begin to
vaporize which is the second major step in distillation: evaporation. When evaporating, the
vapor goes through the distillation column and this is where cooling takes place which is the
third major step in distillation. After cooling the vapor, it then rises to the top where it condenses.
The final major step in distillation process is condensing. Condensation phase takes place as the
vapor is cooled to liquid. Heating, evaporating, cooling and condensing are the four major steps
in a distillation process.

Distillation is the primary method used to purify and improve the concentration of certain
solutions on both large and small scale. Distillation technology can help improve purification of
water for instance in underdeveloped countries. It removes impurities and reduces waterborne
illness by improving its quality. In order to achieve the desired product, the process involved in
distillation heating, evaporating, cooling, and condensing must be performed.

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