Aoz
Aoz
Aoz
Typical Application
RTON
Input
TON IN
C2 6.5V to 28V
20μF
BST
VCC C5
0.1μF
R3 C4
100kΩ 1μF AOZ1236-01
Output
Power Good PGOOD LX
L1 1.05V, 8A
1μH R1
Off On EN 25kΩ
FB 1% C3
PFM R2 88μF
80kΩ
SS AGND 1%
CSS
PGND
RTON
Input
TON IN
C2 2.7V to 28V
AIN 20μF
BST
VCC C5
5V 0.1μF
R3 C4
100kΩ 1μF AOZ1236-01
Output
Power Good PGOOD LX
L1 R1 1.05V, 8A
1μH 25kΩ
Off On EN 1%
FB C3
PFM R2 88μF
80kΩ
1%
SS AGND
CSS
PGND
Ordering Information
Part Number Ambient Temperature Range Package Environmental
AOZ1236QI-01 -40°C to +85°C 23-Pin 4mm x 4mm QFN Green Product
AOS Green Products use reduced levels of Halogens, and are also RoHS compliant.
Please visit www.aosmd.com/media/AOSGreenPolicy.pdf for additional information.
Pin Configuration
PGND
VCC
BST
SS
LX
IN
23 22 21 20 19 18
PGOOD 1 17 LX
EN 2 16 LX
PFM 3 15 PGND
IN LX
AGND 4 14 PGND
FB 5 13 PGND
TON 6 12 PGND
7 8 9 10 11
AIN
IN
IN
LX
LX
Pin Description
Pin Number Pin Name Pin Function
Power Good Signal Output. PGOOD is an open-drain output used to indicate the status
of the output voltage. It is internally pulled low when the output voltage is 15% lower than
1 PGOOD
the nominal regulation voltage for 50µs (typical time) or 15% higher than the nominal
regulation voltage. PGOOD is pulled low during soft-start and shut down.
Enable Input. The AOZ1236-01 is enabled when EN is pulled high. The device shuts
2 EN
down when EN is pulled low.
PFM Selection Input. Connect PFM pin to VCC/VIN for forced PWM operation. Connect
3 PFM
PFM pin to ground for PFM operation to improve light load efficiency.
4 AGND Analog Ground.
Feedback Input. Adjust the output voltage with a resistive voltage-divider between the
5 FB
regulator’s output and AGND.
6 TON On-Time Setting Input. Connect a resistor between VIN and TON to set the on time.
7 AIN Supply Input for analog functions.
8, 9, 22 IN Supply Input. IN is the regulator input. All IN pins must be connected together.
12, 13, 14, 15, 19 PGND Power Ground.
10, 11, 16, 17, 18 LX Switching Node.
Bootstrap Capacitor Connection. The AOZ1236-01 includes an internal bootstrap diode.
20 BST Connect an external capacitor between BST and LX as shown in the Typical Application
diagrams.
Supply Input for analog functions. Bypass VCC to AGND with a 1µF ceramic capacitor.
21 VCC
Place the capacitor close to VCC pin.
Soft-Start Time Setting Pin. Connect a capacitor between SS and AGND to set the
23 SS
soft-start time.
Electrical Characteristics
TA = 25°C, VIN = 12V, VCC = 5V, EN = 5V, unless otherwise specified. Specifications in BOLD indicate a temperature range of
-40°C to +85°C.
LDO
VCC
EN UVLO TOFF_MIN
Reference Q PG Logic
& Bias Error Comp Timer
0.8V
SS S
Q
ISENCE R
(AC) FB ILIM Comp LX
FB Decode
ILIM_VALLEY
Current ISENSE
ISENSE Information
Processing ISENSE (AC)
OTP
Vcc
TON
Q
Timer
PFM EN
TON TON Light Load
Generator Comp
PGND AGND
VLX
10V/div ILX
5A/div
ILX
2A/div
Vo ripple
Vo ripple
20mV/div
20mV/div
5μs/div 500μs/div
LX
20V/div
LX
EN 10V/div
2V/div
lLX
2A/div Io
5A/div
Vo
1V/div
Vo
500mV/div
500μs/div 100μs/div
Detailed Description
The AOZ1236-01 is a high-efficiency, easy-to-use, Constant-On-Time PWM Control with Input
synchronous buck regulator optimized for notebook Feed-Forward
computers. The regulator is capable of supplying 6A of
The control algorithm of AOZ1236-01 is constant-on-time
continuous output current with an output voltage
PWM Control with input feed-forward.
adjustable down to 0.8V. The programmable operating
frequency range of 200kHz to 1MHz enables optimizing The simplified control schematic is shown in Figure 1.
the configuration for PCB area and efficiency.
FB Voltage/
The input voltage of AOZ1236-01 can be as low as 2.7V. IN AC Current
The highest input voltage of AOZ1236-01 can be 28V. Information
Constant on-time PWM with input feed-forward control PWM
–
Programmable
scheme results in ultra-fast transient response while Comp
One-Shot
maintaining relatively constant switching frequency over + 0.8V
the entire input range. True AC current mode control
scheme guarantees the regulator can be stable with a
ceramic output capacitor. The switching frequency can Figure 1. Simplified Control Schematic of AOZ1236-01
be externally programmed up to 1MHz. Protection
features include VCC under-voltage lockout, valley The high-side switch on-time is determined solely by a
current limit, output over voltage and under voltage one-shot whose pulse width can be programmed by one
protection, short-circuit protection, and thermal external resistor and is inversely proportional to input
shutdown. voltage (IN). The one-shot is triggered when the internal
0.8V is lower than the combined information of FB
The AOZ1236-01 is available in 23-pin 4mm x 4mm QFN voltage and the AC current information of inductor, which
package. is processed and obtained through the sensed lower-side
MOSFET current once it turns on. The added AC current
Input Power Architecture information can help the stability of constant-on time
The AOZ1236-01 integrates an internal linear regulator control even with pure ceramic output capacitors, which
to generate 5.3V (±5%) VCC from input. If input voltage is have very low ESR. The AC current information has no
lower than 5.3V, the linear regulator operates at low DC offset, which does not cause offset with output load
drop-output mode; the VCC voltage is equal to input change, which is fundamentally different from other V2
voltage minus the drop-output voltage of internal linear constant-on time control schemes.
regulator.
The constant-on-time PWM control architecture is a
Enable and Soft Start pseudo-fixed frequency with input voltage feed-forward.
The AOZ1236-01 has external soft start feature to limit The internal circuit of AOZ1236-01 sets the on-time of
in-rush current and ensure the output voltage ramps up high-side switch inversely proportional to the IN.
smoothly to regulation voltage. A soft start process – 12
26.3 10 R TON (1)
begins when VCC rises to 4.1V and voltage on EN pin is T ON = ----------------------------------------------------------------
HIGH. An internal current source charges the external V IN V
soft-start capacitor; the FB voltage follows the voltage of
soft-start pin (VSS) when it is lower than 0.8V. When VSS
is higher than 0.8V, the FB voltage is regulated by To achieve the flux balance of inductor, the buck
internal precise band-gap voltage (0.8V). The soft-start converter has the equation:
time can be calculated by the following formula: V OUT
F SW = --------------------------- (2)
TSS(s) = 330 x CSS(nF) V IN T ON
Once the product of VIN x TON is constant, the switching characteristic and maximum load capability are a
frequency keeps constant and is independent with input function of the inductor value as well as input and output
voltage. voltages. The current limit will keep the low-side
MOSFET ON and will not allow another high-side on-
An external resistor between the IN and TON pin sets the time, until the current in the low-side MOSFET reduces
switching frequency according to the following equation: below the current limit. Figure 2 shows the inductor
12 current during the current limit.
V OUT 10
F SW = --------------------------------- (3)
26.3 R TON
If VOUT is 1.8V, RTON is 137k, the switching frequency Figure 2. Inductor Current
will be 500kHz.
After 128s (typical), the AOZ1236-01 considers this is a
This algorithm results in a nearly constant switching true failed condition and therefore, turns-off both high-
frequency despite the lack of a fixed-frequency clock side and low-side MOSFETs and latches off. When
generator. triggered, only the enable can restart the AOZ1236-01
again.
True Current Mode Control
Output Voltage Under-Voltage Protection
The constant-on-time control scheme is intrinsically
unstable if output capacitor’s ESR is not large enough as If the output voltage is lower than 15% by over-current or
an effective current-sense resistor. Ceramic capacitors short circuit, the AOZ1236-01 will wait for 128s (typical)
usually cannot be used as output capacitor. and turns-off both high-side and low-side MOSFETs and
latches off. When triggered, only the enable can restart
The AOZ1236-01 senses the low-side MOSFET current the AOZ1236-01 again.
and processes it into DC and AC current information
using AOS proprietary technique. The AC current Output Voltage Over-Voltage Protection
information is decoded and added on the FB pin on The threshold of OVP is set 15% higher than 800mV.
phase. With AC current information, the stability of When the VFB voltage exceeds the OVP threshold, high-
constant-on-time control is significantly improved even side MOSFET is turned-off and low-side MOSFETs is
without the help of output capacitor’s ESR, and thus the turned-on until VFB voltage is lower than 800mV.
pure ceramic capacitor solution can be applicable. The
pure ceramic capacitor solution can significantly reduce Power Good Output
the output ripple (no ESR caused overshoot and The power good (PGOOD) output, which is an open
undershoot) and less board area design. drain output, requires the pull-up resistor. When the
output voltage is 15% below than the nominal regulation
Valley Current-Limit Protection voltage for 50s (typical), the PGOOD is pulled low.
The AOZ1236-01 uses the valley current-limit protection When the output voltage is 15% higher than the nominal
by using RDSON of the lower MOSFET current sensing. regulation voltage, the PGOOD is also pulled low.
To detect real current information, a minimum constant-
off (150ns typical) is implemented after a constant-on When combined with the under-voltage-protection circuit,
time. If the current exceeds the valley current-limit this current limit method is effective in almost every
threshold, the PWM controller is not allowed to initiate a circumstance. In forced-PWM mode, the AOZ1236-01
new cycle. The actual peak current is greater than the also implements a negative current limit to prevent
valley current-limit threshold by an amount equal to the excessive reverse inductor currents when VOUT is
inductor ripple current. Therefore, the exact current-limit sinking current.
Application Information
The basic AOZ1236-01 application circuit is shown in For reliable operation and best performance, the input
page 2. Component selection is explained below. capacitors must have current rating higher than ICIN-RMS
at worst operating conditions. Ceramic capacitors are
Input Capacitor preferred for input capacitors because of their low ESR
The input capacitor must be connected to the IN pins and and high ripple current rating. Depending on the
PGND pin of the AOZ1236-01 to maintain steady input application circuits, other low ESR tantalum capacitor or
voltage and filter out the pulsing input current. A small aluminum electrolytic capacitor may also be used. When
decoupling capacitor, usually 1F, should be connected selecting ceramic capacitors, X5R or X7R type dielectric
to the VCC pin and AGND pin for stable operation of the ceramic capacitors are preferred for their better
AOZ1236-01. The voltage rating of input capacitor must temperature and voltage characteristics. Note that the
be greater than maximum input voltage plus ripple ripple current rating from capacitor manufactures is
voltage. based on certain amount of life time. Further de-rating
may be necessary for practical design requirement.
The input ripple voltage can be approximated by
equation below: Inductor
The inductor is used to supply constant current to output
IO VO VO
V IN = ----------------- 1 – --------- --------- when it is driven by a switching voltage. For given input
f C IN V IN V IN and output voltage, inductance and switching frequency
together decide the inductor ripple current, which is:
Since the input current is discontinuous in a buck
converter, the current stress on the input capacitor is VO VO
I L = ----------- 1 – ---------
another concern when selecting the capacitor. For a buck fL V IN
circuit, the RMS value of input capacitor current can be
calculated by: The peak inductor current is:
VO VO I L
I CIN_RMS = I O --------- 1 – --------- I Lpeak = I O + --------
V IN V IN 2
if let m equal the conversion ratio: High inductance gives low inductor ripple current but
requires a larger size inductor to avoid saturation. Low
VO
--------
- = m ripple current reduces inductor core losses. It also
V IN reduces RMS current through inductor and switches,
which results in less conduction loss. Usually, peak to
peak ripple current on inductor is designed to be 30% to
The relation between the input capacitor RMS current
50% of output current.
and voltage conversion ratio is calculated and shown in
Figure 3. It can be seen that when VO is half of VIN, CIN it When selecting the inductor, make sure it is able to
is under the worst current stress. The worst current handle the peak current without saturation even at the
stress on CIN is 0.5 x IO. highest operating temperature.
Layout Considerations
Several layout tips are listed below for the best electric
and thermal performance.
1. The LX pins and pad are connected to internal low 4. Decoupling capacitor CVCC should be connected to
side switch drain. They are low resistance thermal VCC and AGND as close as possible.
conduction path and most noisy switching node. 5. Voltage divider R1 and R2 should be placed as close
Connect a large copper plane to LX pin to help as possible to FB and AGND.
thermal dissipation.
6. RTON should be put on the PCB reverse side of the
2. The IN pins and pad are connected to internal high feedback network or away from the FB pin and FB
side switch drain. They are also low resistance feedback resistors to avoid contact, which may short
thermal conduction path. Connect a large copper the TON pin and FB together to ground and cause an
plane to IN pins to help thermal dissipation. abnormal operation.
3. Input capacitors should be connected to the IN pin 7. A ground plane is preferred; Pin 19 (PGND) must be
and the PGND pin as close as possible to reduce the connected to the ground plane through via.
switching spikes.
8. Keep sensitive signal traces such as feedback trace
far away from the LX pins.
9. Pour copper plane on all unused board area and
connect it to stable DC nodes, like VIN, GND or
VOUT.
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D D2 D3
Pin #1 Dot L1
By Marking
L
E E1 E2 E3
b
L3
L2
D1 D1
TOP VIEW
BOTTOM VIEW
A1
A
A2
SIDE VIEW
Notes:
1. Controlling dimensions are in millimeters. Converted inch dimensions are not necessarily exact.
2. Tolerance: ± 0.05 unless otherwise specified.
3. Radius on all corners is 0.152 max., unless otherwise specified.
4. Package wrapage: 0.012 max.
5. No plastic flash allowed on the top and bottom lead surface.
6. Pad planarity: ± 0.102
7. Crack between plastic body and lead is not allowed.
Carrier Tape
P1
D1 P2
T
E1
E2
E
B0
K0 D0
P0 A0
Feeding Direction
UNIT: mm
Package A0 B0 K0 D0 D1 E E1 E2 P0 P1 P2 T
QFN 4x4 4.35 4.35 1.10 1.50 1.50 12.00 1.75 5.50 8.00 4.00 2.00 0.30
(12mm) ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.10 Min. +0.10/-0 ±0.30 ±0.10 ±0.05 ±0.10 ±0.10 ±0.05 ±0.05
Reel W1
S
G
M N
K
V
W
UNIT: mm
Tape Size Reel Size M N W W1 H K S G R V
12mm ø330 ø330.0 ø79.0 12.4 17.0 ø13.0 10.5 2.0 — — —
±2.0 ±1.0 +2.0/-0.0 +2.6/-1.2 ±0.5 ±0.2 ±0.5
Part Marking
AOZ1236QI-01
(QFN4x4)
Z1236QI1
Part Number Code
FAYWLT
LEGAL DISCLAIMER
Alpha and Omega Semiconductor makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or
completeness of the information provided herein and takes no liabilities for the consequences of use of such
information or any product described herein. Alpha and Omega Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes
to such information at any time without further notice. This document does not constitute the grant of any intellectual
property rights or representation of non-infringement of any third party’s intellectual property rights.
ALPHA AND OMEGA SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL
COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS.
As used herein:
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or 2. A critical component in any component of a life
systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into support, device, or system whose failure to perform can
the body or (b) support or sustain life, and (c) whose be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life
failure to perform when properly used in accordance support device or system, or to affect its safety or
with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be effectiveness.
reasonably expected to result in a significant injury of
the user.