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18.085 Computational Science and Engineering I: Mit Opencourseware

This document provides information about the course 18.085 Computational Science and Engineering I offered in Fall 2008 at MIT OpenCourseWare. It contains a parallel table that compares the gradient and divergence of vector fields, including definitions, properties, and connections between potential functions and stream functions for incompressible, irrotational flows. Key points covered are that the gradient of a potential function yields the velocity field while the divergence of a stream function yields the vorticity field, and that Laplace's equation and the Cauchy-Riemann equations connect these potential and stream functions.

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56 views2 pages

18.085 Computational Science and Engineering I: Mit Opencourseware

This document provides information about the course 18.085 Computational Science and Engineering I offered in Fall 2008 at MIT OpenCourseWare. It contains a parallel table that compares the gradient and divergence of vector fields, including definitions, properties, and connections between potential functions and stream functions for incompressible, irrotational flows. Key points covered are that the gradient of a potential function yields the velocity field while the divergence of a stream function yields the vorticity field, and that Laplace's equation and the Cauchy-Riemann equations connect these potential and stream functions.

Uploaded by

DevendraReddyPoreddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MIT OpenCourseWare

http://ocw.mit.edu

18.085 Computational Science and Engineering I


Fall 2008

For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.
Gradient and Divergence / Parallel Table

Gradient Divergence
v = grad u = �u div w = � · w = 0

�u �u �s �s
Potential u(x, y): v1 = , v2 = Stream function s(x, y): w1 = , w2 = −
�x �y �y �x
�v2 �v1 �w1 �w2
Test on v: − =0 Test on w: + =0
�x �y �x �y
Irrotational: zero vorticity Solenoidal: zero source
Zero
� circulation
� around loops: Zero
� flux through� loops:
v · t ds = v1 dx + v2 dy = 0 w · n ds = w1 dy − w2 dx = 0
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law Kirchhoff’s Current Law
Equipotentials u(x, y) = constant Streamlines s(x, y) = constant
v is perpendicular to equipotentials w is tangent to streamlines

�� �� �
Green-Gauss Formula w · grad u dx dy = u(− div w) dx dy + u w · n ds

(grad)T = − div from integration by parts: (Au)T w = uT (AT w)

Connections when (v1 , v2 ) = (w1 , w2 )

1. Equipotentials are perpendicular to streamlines


� � � �
� �u � �u
2. Laplace’s equation div(grad u) = + = � · �u = 0
�x �x �y �y
�u �s �u �s
3. Cauchy-Riemann equations = and =− connecting u to s
�x �y �y �x
�2s �2s �2u �2u
4. Laplace’s equation for s + = − + =0
�x2 �y 2 �x�y �y�x
5. Zero vorticity and zero source: Ideal potential flow
6. In two dimensions: u(x, y) + is(x, y) is a function f (x + iy)

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