Thulo Neti khola Bridge _Abutment Design

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNTAION

1. Bridge data
Name of Bridge Thulo Nete Khola Bridge,Jhapa
Bridge Location google coordinates 26°43'48.46"N 87°59'19.79"E
Span of bridge 25 m
Type Of Bridge Reinforced Concrete
width of superstrcture 11 m
2. Material Data
Unit weight of materials
Concrete (ϒc) 25 KN/m3
macadam (ϒas) 22 KN/m3
water (ϒw) 10 KN/m3
soil (ϒs) 16.8 KN/m3
3
Submerged soil density(ϒ') 10 KN/m
Grade of Concrete
abutment stem.dirt wall,return wall M25
Abutment cap M25
Foundation M25
Grade of steel Fe500
2
Permissible stress in steel 240 N/mm
Geotechnical Data
2
Bearing capacity of soil 400 KN/m
angle of repose(φ) 30 degree 0.523598776 radian
Surcharge angle(β) 0 degree 0 radian
Angle of back of abutment(α) 90 degree 1.570796327 radian
angle of friction between soil and wall(δ) 16 degree 0.27925268 radian
Coefficient of friction 0.5
Calculations:
Abutment
Parameters Stem,Return and Abutment
Dirt wall cap,Pedestal Foundation
Modulus of elasticity (Gpa) 29 29 29
Permissible direct compressive stress(Mpa) 6.25 6.25 6.25
Permissible flexural compressive stress(Mpa) 8.33 8.33 8.33
Permissible tensile stress(Mpa) 0.61 0.61 0.61
modular ratio(m) 10 10 10
neutral axis depth factor (n) 0.258 0.258 0.258
Lever arm factor (j) 0.914 0.914 0.914
Moment Factor (Q) 0.982 0.982 0.982 PART LEVEL
b4= 0.4 (m)
Deck 180.5
Dimension of abutment h7= 0.3
b1 1.2 h1 5.11 h5=
b2 0.3 h2 1 0.3 h4= 2.8
b3 0.4 h3 0.3 h6= b6= 1.9
b4 0.4 h4 2.8 0.3 0.3 0.66 Soffit 178
b5 0.3 h5 0.3 b5 0.3
b6 1.9 h6 0.3 h2= 1
h7 0.3 H. flood 176.5
h3= 0.3
C.G Calculation (from back bottom face of abutment) b3= 0.4

Area (Ai) xi yi Aixi Aiyi

6.132 0.60 2.55 3.679 15.667
0.7665 1.30 1.70 0.996 1.306 h1= 5.11 Low bed 174.89
1.9 0.55 5.61 1.045 10.659 b1= b2=
0.06 -0.13 5.01 -0.008 0.301 3.75 1.2 0.3 2.75 Scour 174.09
1.12 -0.20 7.51 -0.224 8.411 b2= F.top 171.59
0.09 -0.55 8.46 -0.050 0.761
0.045 -0.50 8.21 -0.023 0.369
10.1135 5.417 37.475 1.5
F.bottom 170.09
x bar 0.536 m 8
y bar 3.705 m
Loads and Moments In Abutment fig: Abutment ( All dimensions in metres)
Dead load from superstructure 2405 KN
per unit length of abutment 218.64 KN/m
Point of application of DL from back of abututment 0.66 m
Momend due to DL from superstructure 27.2 KNm
Live load with Impact factor
Live load with Per unit
Live load Load Class Impact Factor Impact factor Length(KN)
771.46 class A 0.145 883.45 80.31 class A 70.133
795.048 70R_Wheel 0.139 905.56 82.32 70R_Wheel 72.277
652.82 70R_Tracked 0.1 718.1 65.28 70R_Tracked 59.347
Therefore, Maximum Live load 82.32 70R_Wheel
Footpath width 1.5 m
Total Live load including Pendestian footpath LL 101.41 KN
Longidudinal forces
i) Due to Braking Load
1st train 1000
2nd train load 0
total load 200
per m of abutment 18.18 KN
Vertical force 2.69 KN
ii) Force at Bearing (frictional force due to resistance of Beairng)
Coefficient of expansion of Concrete
Length of main girder
Area of elastomeric bearing Pad
Coefficient of friction at roller bearing (m) 0.03
Net vertical load on the roller bearing 150.48 KN/m
mR 4.51 KN/m
longitudinal force on fixed bearing 4.58 KN/m
ii) Force at Bearing (frictional force due to resistance of Beairngs temperature effect )
 Thulo Neti khola Bridge _Abutment Design

o
Coefficient of thermal expansion of Concrete 0.0000117 /C
Length of main girder 25000 mm IRC 21:2000,Clause No. 304.9.1
Area of elastomeric pads,assume 100000 mm2
Thickness of Elastomeric Bearing 75 mm
No of longitudinal Girder 2 Nos
Differential temperature in Celcius 30 Degree C
Shear Modulus of Elastomeric Bearing 1 N/mm2
Elongation of each Girder 8.775 mm
Longitudinal Force transmitted to abutment
(F=GAD/T) 11.7 KN
Force transmitted by Two bearings 23.4 KN
Force transmitted by Two bearings per m 2.13 KN/m
iii) Seismic Load
Sa/g 2.5
Z 0.36
I 1.2
R 3
Ah 0.18
Av 0.12
Horizontal Seismic force 5.22 KN
Verical Seimic force 3.48 KN
IV) Due to Earth pressure (per meter)
ka 0.3 kp 3.33
Active pressure due to surcharge load 53.89 KN acts @ 0.5h
Active pressure dur to back fill 200.06 KN acts @ 0.42h
Total 253.95 KN
Buoyancy Effect per m length of abutment
RL of HFL 176.5 m
Deck Level 180.5 m
Abutment top (cap bottom) level 176.7 m
abutment height 5.11 m
Submerged height of abutment during HFL 4.91 m
Area of stem @ base 1.5 m2
Area of stem @ HFL 1.21 m2
3
Volume of submerged part of abutment 6.65 m
Upward force due to buoyancy 66.5 KN
Summery of Loads and Moments
Loads vertical load(KN) Lateral load Lever arm(m) Moment(KNm)
i) abutment 252.84 -0.214 -54.108
ii) Superstructure DL( vertical ) 218.64 -0.090 -19.678
iii) Superstructure LL( Vetical) 101.41 -0.090 -9.127
iv) Braking force(Vertical) 2.69 -0.090 -0.242
v) Bearing force(longitudinal) 6.70 6.410 42.965
vi) Active earth pressure (surcharge) 53.89 4.455 240.080
vii) Active earth pressure (backfill) 200.06 3.742 748.665
viii) Seismic horizontal 5.22 6.410 33.460
ix) Seismic Vertical 3.48 -0.090 -0.313
Total 579.06 265.87 981.70

permissible
Load Combination Vertical laod(KN) Lateral load(KN)Moment(KNm) stress Remarks
Normal Load 575.58 260.6528727 948.556 100% non seismic
Normal + Earthquake Load 492.3 265.87 989.2 150% Seismic

The section is designed for non seismic case and checked for seismic case.
Design lateral load 260.6528727 KN
design moment 948.556 KNm
clear cover 50 mm
effective depth required 982.82 mm
provided effective depth 1434 mm OK
2
Required area of tensile reinforcement 3015.48 mm
total area required in total length 33170.28 mm2
dia of bar provided 25 mm
No of bar required 68 Nos
Spacing 161 mm
Provided reinforcement
dia of bar provided 25 mm
number 92 Nos
spacing 120 mm
2
Area of reinforcement provided 45160.39 mm 25 dia. bars@120 mm c/c spacing AS1
OK 20 dia. bars@120 mm c/c spacing AS2
compression reinforcement is 50% of main
reinforcement 16689.71097 mm2
dia of bar provided 20 mm 16 dia. bars@160 mm c/c spacing AS3
No of bar required 54 Nos
Spacing 203 mm
Provided reinforcement 16mm dia bars at 1m c/c both
dia of bar provided 20 mm horizontally and vertically ( AS 4)
number 92 Nos
spacing 120 mm
Area of reinforcement provided 29112.09 mm2 OK
Shear force 260.6528727 KN
Shear force developed @ abutment base 0.174 N/mm2
100*As/bd 0.273 %
From chart of Permissible shear stree
2
Permissible shear stress 0.237 N/mm OK

Stress Check for Seismic Case

Developed Permissible
2 2
Stress type Material N/mm N/mm Remarks
Direct Compressive Concrete 0.328 9.375 OK
Shear Concrete 0.177 0.3555 OK
Bending Compression Concrete 2.638 12.495 OK
 Thulo Neti khola Bridge _Abutment Design

Transverse Reinforcement
2
Nominal Reinfrcement on both sides 0.15% of area 10347.75 mm
2
each layer 5173.88 mm
Required transverse reinforcemet
dia 16 mm
Nos 26 Nos
Spacing 204 mm
Provided Reinforcement
dia 16 mm
Nos 32 Nos
Spacing 160 mm
Design of abutment Cap
Vertical reaction due to Dead load per bearing PDL 601.25 KN
Live load including Impact per bearing, PLL 557.755 KN
Total Vertical reaction per bearing 1159.005 KN
Cap thickness(assume) 1 m
Bearing size (assume)
Length 0.5 m
Breadth 0.5 m
2
Area of Bearing 0.25 m
2
Dispersed area @ base 2.25 m
Check for punching stress
2
Punching stress developded 0.193 N/mm Clause no 307.2.5.5 IRC 21-2000
2
Permissible Punching Stress 0.8 N/mm OK
Check for Bearing Stress Clause no 307.1 IRC 21-2000
2
Permissible Direct compressive in concrete,σco 6.25 N/mm
2
Allowable bearing Pressure,σcc 12.5 N/mm
2
Actual Compressive Stress 4.64 N/mm OK
Provide Min area of steel 0.8% mm2
8000
Provide,dia mm 25
Number Nos 18
Spacing mm 117
Provide spacing mm 110
2
Total area hence provided 9906.73 mm OK
for stirrups along the cap, provide 18 nos of 16mm dia bars @ 160mm c/c.
As Per IRC 78:2000, Clause 710.10.4 the two layers of mesh reinforcement, one @ 20 mm from the top and the other at 100mm from top of the abutment
cap each consisting of 8mm φ bars @ 100mm c/c in the both directions, shall be provided directly under the bearings.

25dia@_110spacing AC1

8mm dia @ bar mesh two layer in both layer in

both direction under bearing and jacking point AC3
12dia-10 legged @ 300mm c/c vertical shear bars AC4

12mm dia bars @ 150mm c/c both ways AC5+AC6

16mm dia bars @ 150mm c/c AC2

12mm dia 3 Nos. AP2

Design of Pedestal
length,L 1000 mm
Breadth,B 1000 mm
Height to be confirmed after bearing height
20_dia_16_Nos_bars AP1
conformation,H 300 mm
2
0.5 % of lonitudinal tensile reinforcement,Asc 5000 mm
Permissible Axial Load,P 7418.75 KN OK
Provide
dia 20 mm 20_dia_16_Nos_bars
Number 16 Nos
Spacing 120 mm Provide, lateral ties 12mm dia 3 Nos.
Design of stopper block

Design of RCC Stoppers:

Base width of sttoper, b1 0.6 m
Height above abutment cap, h1 1.025 m
h2 0.55
Length of sttoper, l 1.50 m 8mm dia. Bars at 100 mm c/c spacing AST3
Horizontal force acting on the stopper above
abutment cap 10% of vertical load
120.25 KN 1025
Moment at the base of stopper 123.26 KNm 550
Effective depth required 289.27 mm
Depth provided 600.00 mm OK 600
2
Area of steel required 987.52 mm 12 dia. bars@150 mm c/c spacing AST2
Provide
dia 16 mm 16 dia. bars@100 mm c/c spacing AST1
Number 5 Nos
Spacing 370 mm
Provide spacing 100 mm
Max. Shear stress 0.14 N/mm2
Percentage area of steel provided 0.38 %
Permissible shear stress 0.27 N/mm2 OK
Design of Dirt wall
Due to Earth Pressure per meter
Active earth pressure due to surcharge load 16.93 KN
Lever arm 1.4 m
Active earth pressure due to backfill load 19.76 KN
Lever arm 1.18 m
Design Moment 47.02 KNm
Clear cover(assume) 25 mm
 Thulo Neti khola Bridge _Abutment Design

Effective Depth Required 218.82 mm

Dia of bar assume 16 mm
Provided 367 mm OK
2
Required area of tensile reinforcement 584.06 mm
2
For full length 6424.66 mm
Bar provided
dia of bar 16 mm 16_dia@150 mm c/c
Number of bars required 32 Nos
Spacing required 350 mm
Provided spacing 150 mm
Ast provided 14945.6 OK
Shear Check
Shear force 36.69 KN
2
Shear stress @ base 0.092 N/mm
100Ast/bd 0.339
2
From chart, Permissible Shear stress 0.237 N/mm OK

2
Transverse Reinforcement: nominal reinforcement on top and bottom =0.15% of area 1680 mm each side
bar dia 12 mm
Number Required 8 Nos
Provide spacing 300 mm

1 No of 20mm dia bars 2 layers of 10mm dia @ 200mm c/c AD4

AD5

16 dia. Bars @ 200 mm c/c 1 layer of 10 mm dia @ 200mm c/c AD3

AD7
.

2 Nos of 16 mm dia Bars (AD6) 16_dia@150 mm c/c AD1

8Nos 12dia_bars ON EACH FACE

AD2

Fig: Reinforcement Detailing in Dirt wall

Design of Return Wall 3.5 10 dia. bars@120 mm c/c spacing
h1 3.8 m ARW2
1.5
h2 1.5 m
b1 3.5 m 3.8
h avg 2.65 m
Thickness of return wall 400 mm 16 dia. bars@200 mm c/c spacing
Total Moment earth pressure due to entire area 190.03 KNm ARW1
Clear cover(assume) 25 mm
Effective Depth Required 225.66 mm
Assume bar dia 16 mm
Effective Depth Provided 367 mm OK
2
Area of steel required 2360.47 mm
Nos of bar required 12
Spacing required 291 mm fig : Return wall ( dimensions in meter)
Provided Spacing 200 mm
provide_16dia_@200c/c_spacing
Distribution reinforcement 2100 mm2
Bar dia 10 mm
Nos of bar required 27 Nos
Spacing required 129 mm
Provided Spacing 120 mm
provide_10dia_@120c/c_spacing