Art Nouveau

OUTLINE
• Birth of Art Nouveau

• Introduction: Art Nouveau
-Time & Place
-Hallmarks of Art Nouveau Styles
-Other names for Art Nouveau
-Critical Nicknames
• Art Nouveau Architecture
-Features
-Pierre Francastel
-Stephan Tschudi Madsen
-Art Nouveau Architects and their Works
• Beginning of Art Deco
• References
BIRTH OF ART NOUVEAU
The last third of the 19th century saw the

development of a fundamentally
approach to architecture and interior
design. All over Europe there was a
need for liberating change of direction, a
desire to break away from set formulas
based on pastiche of historical styles and a
search for original ideas, all of which
resulted at the beginning of the 1890s in
the birth of Art Nouveau.
INTRODUCTION: ART NOUVEAU
Art Nouveau (French for "New

Style") was popularized by the
famous Maison de l'Art
Nouveau (House of New Art), a
Paris art gallery operated by
Siegfried Bing.
Art Nouveau represents the beginning of

modernism in design (Modern Architecture).
It occurred at a time when mass-produced
consumer goods began to fill the
marketplace, and designers, architects, and
artists began to understand that the
handcrafted work of centuries past could be
lost. While reclaiming this craft tradition, art
nouveau designers simultaneously rejected
traditional styles in favor of new, organic forms
that emphasized humanity's connection
to nature.
TIME & PLACE
Art Nouveau
art and
architecture
flourished in
major
European cities
between 1890
and 1914.
It embraced all forms of art and design:
• architecture
• furniture
• glassware
• graphic design
• jewelry
• painting
• pottery
• metalwork
• textile
This was a sharp contrast to the traditional separation of art into

the distinct categories of fine art (painting and sculpture) and
applied arts (ceramics,furniture, and other practical objects).
HALLMARKS OF
ART NOUVEAU STYLE
• flat, decorative patterns;

• intertwined organic forms such as
stems or flowers;
• an emphasis on handcrafting as
opposed to machine
manufacturing;
• the use of new materials;
• and the rejection of earlier styles
Other names for Art Nouveau:
As it moved through Europe, Art Nouveau

went through several phases and took on a
variety of names.
• Nieuwe Kunst In Netherland

• Jugendstil in Germany
• Arte Joven, in Spain
• Secession, in Austria
• Stile Liberty, in Italy
CRITICAL NICKNAMES
From its earliest appearance, the Art

Nouveau was also dubbed with a host of
critical nicknames such as:
• Eel style
• Noodle style
• Mutton bone style
• Dandy style
ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTURE
FEATURES
Art Nouveau buildings have many of these

features:
• Asymmetrical shapes
• Extensive use of arches and curved forms
• Curved glass
• Curving, plant-like embellishments
• Mosaics
• Stained glass
• Japanese motifs
Pierre
Francastel
divides Art Nouveau
into two main
tendencies that could
broadly termed the
organic and the
rationalist
Rationalist: Organic:
Mackintosh school Gaudi house

Glasglow, Scotland Barcelona, Spain
1897-1909 1903
-dependent on the straight line -gives precedence to the curved line and floral shapes
Stephan
Tschudi
Madsen
(Art Historian)
proposed a more subtle

classification, but still relies on
an assumed antagonism
between four designs
In his book Sources of Art Nouveau, he describes for styles:
1. An abstract, structural style with 2. A floral approach focuding on
a strong symbolic and dynamic
tendency (France & Belgium) organic plant forms
(Horta, Guimard, Van de Velde) (Galle, Majorelle, Vallin)
Henry Van de Velde’s house Aquarium Pavillion

3. The linear, flat approach, with a 4. A structured, geometric style

heavy symbolic element (Austria & Germany)
(Glasglow group, Mackintosh) (Wagner, Olbrich, Hoffmann, Loos)
Glasgow School of Art Majolikahaus in Vienna

by Charles Rennie Mackintosh by Otto Wagner
ART NOUVEAU
ARCHITECTS
AND THEIR WORKS
Victor
Horta
(Belgian architect and
designer)
(January 6, 1861 - September 8 1947)
Hotel
Tassel
Brussels, Belgium
Construction started 1893
Completed 1894
(1st Art Nouveau Building in the World)
Stairway of Tassel House, Brussels
Hôtel van
Eetvelde
Brussels, Belgium
Completed 1900
Hôtel van Eetvelde office : fireplace
Hôtel
Solvay
Brussels, Belgium
Completed 1900
Horta
Museum
formerly known as
Maison & Atelier Horta
Brussels, Belgium
Completed 1900
Hector
Guimard
(French architect)
(Lyon, March 10, 1867 – New York,
May 20, 1942)
Castel
Beranger
Paris, France
1890 circa
multi-familty
Building Type housing, apartment
building
Construction bearing masonry,
System brick, cast iron
Climate temperate
Context urban
Notes Graceful
asymmetrical
wrought iron entry
gate, precedent to
work of
contemporary
American blacksmith
Albert Paley.
Details of
Castel Beranger
Paris
Metro
Entrances
Paris, France
1899 to 1905
light rail rapid

Building Type
transit stations
Construction
iron and glass
System
Climate temperate
Context urban
Notes Graceful organic
forms.
Hotel
Guimard
Paris, France
1912
Building Type private residence hotel

cut stone bearing
Construction System
masonry
Climate temperate
Context urban
Notes Elegant facade with
organic detailing.
Louis
Sullivan
(American architect)
(September 3, 1856 – April 14, 1924)
"father of skyscrapers“
"father of modernism“
one of "the recognized trinity of
American architecture"
Wainwright
Building
Missouri, USA
1890 to 1891
Height: 44.81 meters / 147 feet
Stories: 10
Charles
Rennie
Mackintosh
(British Architect, Interior Designer)
The
Light
House
Glasglow, Scotland
Completed in 1895
Antonio
Gaudi
(Architect, Barcelona)
Gaudi was a Spanish (Catalan)
Architect who created complex
buildings in that the architecture
was considered sculptural as well.
His buildings are considered
biomorphic, or organically-shaped.
This is possibly a rejection to the
coldness that a machine-produced
geometric object would create
Casa
Milà
Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
1905-1907
Casa
Battlo
Barcelona, Spain
1905-1907
La
Sagrada
Familia
(The Holy Family)
Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
1882-2026
Parque
Güell
Barcelona, Spain
1900 to 1914
Parque Güell, or Guell Park is surrounded
by an undulating mosaic wall.
BEGINNING OF ART DECO
• When Art Nouveau fell out of fashion in

the 1920s and 1930s, it was
replaced by the clean, simple
geometries of Art Deco.
• The extravagant curves of Art
Nouveau were seen as old-fashioned
and viewed with contempt.
• Many Art Nouveau products were put

away, spurned, or destroyed.
• Rooms once decorated in what had
been the height of fashion were
redecorated to conform to the
latest taste.
• It was not until nearly half a century later,

in 1952, the first comprehensive
exhibition devoted to Art Nouveau was
organized in Zurich, Switzerland.
• Present day interest in Art Nouveau, and
in particular its widespread appreciation
within the last thirty years, has once again
firmly established it as an important art
movement.

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OUTLINE

• Birth of Art Nouveau

The last third of the 19th century saw the

Art Nouveau (French for "New

Art Nouveau represents the beginning of

TIME & PLACE

This was a sharp contrast to the traditional separation of art into

• flat, decorative patterns;

As it moved through Europe, Art Nouveau

• Nieuwe Kunst In Netherland

From its earliest appearance, the Art

Art Nouveau buildings have many of these

Mackintosh school Gaudi house

proposed a more subtle

Henry Van de Velde’s house Aquarium Pavillion

3. The linear, flat approach, with a 4. A structured, geometric style

Glasgow School of Art Majolikahaus in Vienna

light rail rapid

Building Type private residence hotel

• When Art Nouveau fell out of fashion in

• Many Art Nouveau products were put

• It was not until nearly half a century later,

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