What Is This Module About?

Aside from the Philippines, do you know of any other country? Do you
know anybody who has gone to another country? Many of us have a parent, a
brother, a sister, a relative, a neighbor or a friend who has gone abroad for one
reason or another.

Whatever the reason, the thought of a country different from ours, is

definitely exciting. Remember that when you go to a place you haven’t been
to, you find yourself looking around endlessly. You meet and become friends
with very interesting people.

Travelling to different countries costs a lot of money. To most of us, who

will spend most of our lives in one place, the way to travel inexpensively is by
reading about them in books or magazines. Another way is to see them in
movies or on television or look them up on maps. A map?

Yes, that’s right, a map. A map is a representation of the earth’s surface or

parts of it. Maps play a very important role in our lives. They not only give
exact locations of a particular place, but they also identify the mountains,
oceans, rivers, and roads. Maps are even used in monitoring changes in the
weather all over the world. Nowadays, maps are also used in managing day-to-
day traffic. Road maps show us different ways of getting from one place to
another. These are just some of the uses of maps.

In this module, we will focus on using maps to locate continents and

countries. This module will be your companion as we travel around the world
using the map. It will be your guide as you learn about the many interesting
countries and people that are out there, waiting to be explored.

This module is divided into two lessons:

Lesson 1 – Travel With a Map

Lesson 2 – Continents and Countries of the World

1
 What Will You Learn From This Module?

After studying this module, you are expected to:

♦ locate the continents, countries, oceans, seas and other physical

features of the world on a map;

♦ identify the major countries and cities in each continent; and

♦ describe the physical features on the world map.

Let’s See What You Already Know

Before you start studying this module, take the following test to find out
what you already know about the topic. Identify the continents, countries,
oceans and seas on the map. Write your answers in the table on the next page.

15

19
14 5
1
9 10 11
18 22
21 16

20 8
7
23 24

2 4

17
13

12 6

2
 Name the Name the Name the Name the bodies
continents countries oceans of water

1. 8. 15. 19.

2. 9. 16. 20.

3. 10. 17. 21.

4. 11. 18. 22.

5. 12. 23.

6. 13. 24.

7. 14.

Well, how was it? Do you think you fared well? Compare your answers
with those in the Answer Key on page 52.

If all your answers are correct, very good! You may still study the module
to review what you already know. Who knows, you might learn a few more
new things as well.

If you got a low score, don’t feel bad. That means this module is for you.
It will help you understand some important concepts that you can apply in
your daily life. If you study this module carefully, you will learn the answers to
all the items in the test and a lot more! Are you ready?

You may now go to the next page to begin Lesson 1.

3
 LESSON 1

Travel With a Map

You are going to a friend’s house for the first time and you realize you’re
lost. What will you do? You would ask for directions, right? You see someone
coming towards you, and you ask for directions. The stranger gives all sorts
of directions like going straight ahead, turning left or right somewhere,
stopping at the second or third corner. The stranger will even tell you to watch
out for a huge tree, an electric post, a sari-sari store or a vacant lot just to
make sure you’re going in the right direction.

Armed with this valuable information, you start looking for your friend’s
house again. More often than not, lapses in memory will make us forget
instructions. Before you know it, you’re lost again. You think that if you only
had time to ask the stranger to draw a map showing the directions, you would
not be in this terrible situation.

A map would have given you all the information you needed to locate that
particular place. A map helps you picture a place even if you have not been
there yet. A map can serve as your eye to the world outside.

After studying this lesson, you should be able to:

♦ find locations using a map;

♦ define latitude, longitude, equator and prime meridian; and

♦ locate the continents, oceans, seas and other physical features of the
world using latitude, longitude, the equator, and the prime meridian.

4
 Let’s Study And Analyze

How do you think the mailman delivers hundreds of letters a day to

hundreds of households? It’s simple: he uses the address. The address usually
indicates the house or lot number, street name, barangay, district or city and
the province. It helps the mailman locate each and every house. Without it, the
mailman would have no way of delivering the letters.

An address is a mailman’s best friend. Every point in the world has a

“global address” that tells us the exact location of a particular place.

To illustrate, let us take a look at the map below.

park

First Third
market Street Street
church

House X

Second Street

North
school
West East

South

Figure 1

This is a map of House X. Using House X as the reference point, we can

see that:

1. House X is at the corner of First and Second streets.

2. The school is in front of House X.

3. If you are facing House X, to the right of it, along Third Street, is the
church.

4. If you are facing House X, to the left of it, along First Street, is the
market.

5. Behind House X, in between First and Third streets, is the park.

5
 Simple directional words such as behind, above, below, under, left and
right will help us figure out where a certain place is. Landmarks such as trees,
light posts, stores, parks, buildings, and monuments are also important details in
identifying a location. Aside from simple directional words, primary directions
like north, south, east or west help us locate a place. Also, you can use
secondary directions like northeast, northwest, southeast or southwest.

Using the map on page 5, what can you find north and south of House X?
What can you find west of House X? What is the street east of House X?

Using House X as reference, we can say that the park is north of House X
and the school and Second Street are found south of House X. For the next
questions, you could say that the market and First Street are west of House X,
while Third Street is found east of House X.

Wasn’t that easy? Now that you have an idea of how directional words are
used, let’s see how well you can give directions.

Let’s Review

Draw a map showing the location of your house. Do not forget to indicate
the streets and the landmarks on your map. This will make it easier to locate
your house. You can use simple directional words to describe the locations.
You can ask a friend or a relative to help you identify and describe the
locations. Draw your map below. Don’t forget to label each of the streets and
landmarks.

6
 Describe the locations here:

1. ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

4. ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

5. ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on pages 52–53.

After reading each question below, pause and think of your answers.

Was it easy giving directions to locate your house? Was it easier because
you identified streets or landmarks? If someone uses the map you just made,
will he/she be able to find your house?

What were the directional words you used? Did the use of primary
directions such as north, south, east, or west make it easier for you to find
locations? Are there other ways of determining the location of a particular
place?

7
 Let’s Study And Analyze

At one time in our lives, we must have dreamt of having wings like birds.
With wings, we could soar in the sky and see new and beautiful places we
have never seen before. We get excited discovering anything that is new. We
marvel at new places shown on TV or in magazines. Beyond our little towns,
barangays, villages, communities, cities, or even our country is a much bigger
world. Let’s take a look at the world outside.

Europe
North America

Asia
Africa

South America

Australia

Antarctica
World Map

Many countries of different shapes and sizes can be found on each

continent. With so many continents, countries and bodies of water all over the
world, how is it possible to locate all of them? This is where a map becomes
very useful. A map will show us exactly where a country, like the Philippines,
is located.
Do you remember the mailman? Aside from the streets and landmarks, a
mailman will make use of the house or lot number to locate a particular house.
The house or lot numbers are represented differently when reading a map. The
latitude, longitude, the equator and the prime meridian might be very
different from a house or lot number, but they serve the same purpose. They
help us locate places on a map. You will see how this is done in the following
pages.

8
 Let’s Learn

Suppose that what you are looking at is the map of Manila, Philippines.

90º 75º 60º 45º 30º 15º 0ºN 15º 30º 45º 60º 75º 90º
150º 150º

135º 135º

120º 120º

105º 105º

90º 90º

75º 75º

60º 60º

45º 45º

30º 30º

15º 15º

0º W 0º E

15º 15º

30º 30º

45º 45º

60º 60º
Manila
75º 75º

90º 90º

105º 105º

120º 120º

135º 135º

150º 150º
90º 75º 60º 45º 30º 15º 0º S 15º 30º 45º 60º 75º 90º

9
 ♦ The imaginary vertical line “divides” planet Earth into the Northern
and Southern Hemispheres.

♦ The imaginary horizontal line “divides” planet Earth into the Eastern
and Western Hemispheres.

♦ Latitude is the angular distance, in degrees, minutes, and seconds of a

point north or south of the equator. It measures distances from north
to south of the equator. It is also called a parallel.

♦ Longitude is the angular distance, in degrees, minutes, and seconds of

point east or west of the prime meridian. It measures distances or
location from east to west of the prime meridian.

– Using the figure on the previous page the Philippines is found in

the Southern and Eastern Hemispheres.

– Its latitude is 75ºS of the equator and its longitude is 30ºE of the
prime meridian (Manila, capital city of the Philippines, is used as
a reference point).

The imaginary lines make it easier for us to locate the continents and
countries, ocean, seas or even mountains. In order to check this, let us
practice a little. Are you ready for the next activity?

Let’s Try This

Using the figure on the necx page, locate countries V, W, X, Y, and Z by

identifying their latitude, longitude and the hemisphere(s). Use the letters as
reference points to determine their exact location.

Country Latitude Longitude Hemisphere(s)

1. V (Example) 90ºN 60ºW Northern and Western

2. W

3. X

4. Y

5. Z

10
 90º 75º 60º 45º 30º 15º 0ºN 15º 30º 45º 60º 75º 90º
150º 150º

135º 135º

120º 120º

105º Z 105º

90º 90º

75º 75º

60º V Y 60º

45º 45º

30º 30º

15º 15º

0º W 0º E

15º 15º

30º 30º

45º W 45º

60º 60º

75º 75º

90º 90º

105º 105º

120º 120º

135º 135º
X
150º 150º
90º 75º 60º 45º 30º 15º 0º S 15º 30º 45º 60º 75º 90º

Compare your answers against those in the Answer Key on page 53.

How was it? Did you find the imaginary lines helpful in locating the
countries? Once you have become skillful in the use of latitude, longitude, the
equator, the prime meridian, locating a country or any place in the world will
no longer be a problem to you.

11
 Let’s See What You Have Learned

A. Choose the correct answer by writing the letter on the space provided
before each number.

_____ 1. A ______________ is an effective tool to locate a

particular place on the earth’s surface.
a. mailman c. directions
b. map d. mailman

_____ 2. Above, below, left, right and east, west, south and north
are examples of ______________ words.
a. latitude c. directional
b. longitude d. map

_____ 3. ______________ are sometimes called parallels.

a. maps c. latitude
b. longitude d. directional words

_____ 4. NEWS stands for north, east, ______________ and

______________.
a. longitude and latitude
b. the equator and the prime meridian
c. map directions
d. west and south

_____ 5. The world can be divided into four ______________

namely: Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western
Hemispheres.
a. hemispheres c. directional words
b. maps d. latitude

12
 B. Fill in the blanks. Write the correct word on the blank space provided
before each number.

__________ 1. A representation of the earth’s surface.

__________ 2.
The two hemispheres that result as the equator
__________ 3. “divides” the earth.

__________ 4. The two angular distances of a point either north,

south, east or west of the equator and the prime
__________ 5.
meridian.
__________ 6.
Give at least three examples of imaginary lines used
__________ 7.
in reading a map
__________ 8.

Well how was it? Do you think you fared well? Compare your answers
against those in the Answer Key on pages 53–54.

If you got all the correct answers, very good! If not, review the parts of
the module that you didn’t understand.

Let’s Remember

♦ A map is defined as a representation of the earth’s surface or parts of

it.
♦ Every point on our planet has a specific location in terms of latitude,
longitude, the equator, and the prime meridian. These are effective and
useful “tools” in locating a particular place on a map.
♦ The equator is the imaginary line that divides earth into Northern and
Southern Hemispheres. The prime meridian, on the other hand, is
the imaginary line that divides earth into Eastern and Western
Hemispheres.
♦ Latitude is the angular distance measured in degrees north or south
from the equator.
♦ Longitude is the angular distance measured in degrees east or west
from the prime meridian.

13
 LESSON 2

Continents and Countries

of the World
In Lesson 1, we learned how maps can help us locate a particular place by
using directional words. In this lesson, we will “step outside” the Philippines
and see for ourselves what is beyond the horizon. For this special trip, we
don’t need airplanes, ships, or any other type of transportation. All we need is
a map!

After studying this lesson, you should be able to:

♦ locate the continents, oceans, and major seas in the world on a map;
and

♦ locate countries and their capital cities on a map.

Let’s Learn

Before we start our world tour, why don’t you read an unusual story of
how continents were formed. If you have heard of this story, maybe you can
share it with a family member, friend or neighbor. If you haven’t, this story
might give you an idea of how the continents and countries that we know of
were formed.

In the beginning, there were two giants that roamed the earth. They had
the world all to themselves. The two giants shared all of the world’s food and
water. One day, one of the giants, whom we will call Dagul, got so greedy and
selfish that he decided to have the world all to himself. The other giant, named
Manong, did not like Dagul’s plan.

The two giants fought. Dagul picked up a large pile of mud and threw it at
Manong. Manong fought back by picking up a larger pile of mud and throwing
it at Dagul. Soon, the giants were throwing large piles of mud at each other. It
looked like a contest as one giant tried to beat the other. Piles of mud were
thrown so hard that they landed thousands of miles away.

14
 After many days and nights of fighting, the two giants stopped and looked
around. There was no land left between them. Large and deep bodies of water
surrounded them now. The piles of mud they had been throwing at each other for
the past days turned into islands of different shapes and sizes.

The two giants found themselves separated from each other. Both knew that
they would drown if they tried to cross the waters that separated them.

A little later, Dagul started singing and dancing happily. He realized that he
got what he wanted all along—his own land. Manong was also happy because he,
too, had his own land.

From then on, the two giants lived happily ever after. That is how, according
to the story, the Philippine islands came to be.

This is just a story created by our imaginative ancestors. Actually, the

Philippines and the rest of the world were not formed by two giants throwing
mud at each other. A theory suggests that the world was once made up of a
single continent. This continent broke into shifting slabs and eventually
separated and drifted apart, forming the seven continents we have today. This
is what is known as the Continental Drift Theory.

15
 Let’s Study And Analyze

To get a better idea of what the theory suggests, let’s play this simple
game.

1. Get a few pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. If you do not have a jigsaw

puzzle, you can use any thick paper, cut into different shapes. They
do not necessarily have to fit together or take a particular shape.

2. Put a few pieces of the puzzle close together.

3. Then, imagine that this is how the continents looked like at first.

4. Slowly shake the table.

5. Observe how the pieces of the puzzle move to different directions.

6. Continue shaking the table for a few more minutes, then stop.

Try answering the following questions:

1. What did you notice about the jigsaw puzzle pieces before you shook
the table? Describe how they were arranged.

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

2. Describe the jigsaw puzzle pieces after you shook the table.

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on page 54.

16
 Let’s Learn

The Continents
The Continental Drift Theory suggests that for a time there was only
one continent. Movements under the earth’s surface caused this single
continent to separate into smaller “pieces” and drift (at about a few inches per
year) in various directions. The smaller continents formed the present-day
continents.

Europe
North
America

Asia
Africa

South
America

Australia

Antarctica

World Map

The world consists of seven continents. What is a continent? A continent

is a large mass of land. Looking at the world map, one would realize that there
is just too much area to cover. Why don’t we start the tour of the world right
now.

17
 Asia: The Largest Continent
First in our itinerary is our home continent, Asia.

Russia
Azerbaijan

Kazakhstan
Turkmenistan
Syria Uzbekistan Mongolia
Lebanon
Kyrgyzstan China
Turkey Tajikistan Korea
Myanmar
Iraq Armenia
Cyprus Iran Nepal Thailand
tan

Bhutan
Laos
kis

Kuwait Japan
Vietnam
Pa

Israel Saudi
Jordan Arabia India
Afghanistan
Brunei Philippines
Bangladesh
Qatar United Arab
Yemen Bahrain Emirates Malaysia Cambodia
Oman Sri Lanka

Singapore
Indonesia

Asia

Our country, the Philippines, is found in Asia. Do you want to know more
about our home continent? Read on.

♦ Asia is about 44,576,000 square kilometers in area. It is the biggest

continent in the world.

♦ It is located in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres and is above

the equator. Some countries however, like Malaysia and Indonesia, are
found south of the equator. These two countries are part of the
Southern Hemisphere.

Asia is a huge continent that it is divided into several regions, like the
Middle East and Southeast Asia.

18
 Middle East Asian Countries Southeast Asian Countries
(Capitals) (Capitals)

1. Afghanistan (Kabul) 1. Thailand (Bangkok)

2. Armenia (Yerevan) 2. Singapore (Singapore)

3. Azerbaijan (Baku) 3. Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur)

4. Bahrain (Al-Manámah) 4. Indonesia, including Bali, Borneo,

Timor, Sumatra (Jakarta)
5. Cyprus (Lefkosia)
5. Vietnam (Hanoi)
6. Iran (Tehran or Teheran)
6. Brunei (Bandar Seri Begawan)
7. Iraq (Baghdad)
7. Laos (Vientiane)
8. Israel (Jerusalem)
8. Cambodia (Phnom Penh)
9. Jordan (Amman)
9. Myanmar (Rangoon)
10. Kuwait (Kuwait)
10. Philippines (Manila)
11. Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek formerly Frunze)

12. Lebanon (Beirut)

13. Oman (Muscat)

14. Pakistan (Islamabad)

15. Qatar (Doha)

16. Saudi Arabia (Riyadh)

17. Syria (Damascus)

18. Tajikistan (Dushnabe)

19. Turkey (Ankara)

20. Turkmenistan (Ashgabat)

21. United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi)

22. Uzbekistan (Tashkent)

23. Yemen (Sanaá)

19
 Let’s Try This

Identify the countries which are part of Middle East Asia and countries
which are part of Southeast Asia by either shading them or using identifying
marks, such as a check (4) or a cross (8). Make sure that you use different
identifying marks for Middle East and Southeast Asia.

Russia
Azerbaijan

Kazakhstan
Turkmenistan
Syria Uzbekistan Mongolia
Lebanon
Kyrgyzstan China
Turkey Tajikistan Korea
Myanmar
Iraq Armenia
Cyprus Iran Nepal Thailand
tan

Bhutan
Laos
kis

Kuwait Japan
Vietnam
Pa

Israel Saudi
Jordan Arabia India
Afghanistan
Brunei Philippines
Bangladesh
Qatar United Arab
Yemen Bahrain Emirates Malaysia Cambodia
Oman Sri Lanka

Singapore
Indonesia

Asia

Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on page 55.

Let’s Talk About This

Discuss the following with your family, friends or co-learners.

Asia is home to 3,638,000,000 people, making it the most populated

continent in the world.

♦ Five of the ten most populous countries in the world are found in
Asia. These are China (population: 1,261,832,482), India
(1,014,003,817), Indonesia (224,784,210), Pakistan (141,553,775),
and Bangladesh (129,194,224).

20
♦ Five of the ten most populous cities are also found in Asia, namely:
Tokyo, Japan (population: 34.8 million); Seoul, South Korea (19.9
million); Bombay, India and Osaka, Japan (with 17.9 million each);
and Manila, Philippines (13.5 million).

♦ One of the ten most frequently visited countries in the world is China.

♦ The tallest mountain in Asia is Mt. Everest (29,035 feet.) It is found

in Nepal.

♦ The largest country in Asia and in the world is Russia. It covers an

area of 17,075,400 square kilometers.

♦ Six major seas of the world are found in Asia. They are: the South
China Sea, Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan, East China, Andaman, and
the Black Sea.

♦ The other countries in Asia, together with their respective capitals, are
listed in the table below.

Capitals of some ASIAN Countries

1. Bangladesh (Dhaka) 8. Maldives (Malé)

9. Mongolia (Ulan Bator)

2. Bhutan (Thimpu)
10. Myanmar formerly Burma
3. Cambodia (Phnom Penh)
(Rangoon)
4. China, including Hong Kong,
11. Nepal (Kathmandu)
Macau (Beijing)
12. North Korea (Pyongyang)
5. India, including Andaman Islands,
Nicobar Islands,
13. Russian Federation
Lakshadweep Islands (New Delhi)
(Moscow)
6. Japan, including Amami O Shima,
14. South Korea (Seoul)
Okinawa Gunto, Sakishima Shoto
(Tokyo)
15. Sri Lanka (Colombo)
7. Kazakhstan (Alma Ata)
16. Taiwan (Taipei)

21
 Let’s Try This

Familiarize yourselves with the Asian countries mentioned earlier by

locating them using the symbols found below.

Symbols:
— Which Asian countries have the highest
populations?

— In what Asian country is the tallest mountain

on the continent located.

Russia
Azerbaijan

Kazakhstan
Turkmenistan
Syria Uzbekistan Mongolia
Lebanon
Kyrgyzstan China
Turkey Tajikistan Korea
Myanmar
Iraq Armenia
Cyprus Iran Nepal Thailand
tan

Bhutan
Laos
kis

Kuwait Japan
Vietnam
Pa

Israel Saudi
Jordan Arabia India
Afghanistan
Brunei Philippines
Bangladesh
Qatar United Arab
Yemen Bahrain Emirates Malaysia Cambodia
Oman Sri Lanka

Singapore
Indonesia

Asia

Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on page 56.

22
 Let’s Try This

Identify the Asian countries numbered on the map below.

7 15
4
9 10 2

5
11

13 14

12

Identify the countries and their city capital. Write your answers on the
blank spaces provided on page 24.

23
 Name the Country Capital

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

Compare you answers with those in the Answer Key on page 56.

It takes hours to travel from any country in Asia to Africa. In this lesson,
however, all you have to do is turn the page and, in a second, you will be
there! For our next stop, it’s exotic Africa!

24
 Let’s Learn

Africa: Second Largest Continent

Are you familiar with the man shown below?

He is Tarzan—a fictional character created by Edgar Rice Burroughs.

According to the story, after the untimely death of Tarzan’s parents, a family
of apes took care of him. His incredible agility and strength made this ape-man
the lord of the jungles of Africa. He ruled over all the animals.

You may be thinking: “What has Tarzan got to do with Africa?” Tarzan
would have felt at home in Africa. Africa is an ideal habitat for many wild
animals.

What else comes to your mind whenever you hear the word, Africa? You
might think of its people, the distinct drum beats of its music, or even the
widespread hunger experienced by some African countries like Ethiopia and
Somalia.

Africa, the second largest continent, is about 30,065,000 square

kilometers in area. It is located below Europe and is found almost at the center
of the equator and the prime meridian. Africa is found between the Indian and
Atlantic Ocean. Its total population is 771,000,000.

25
 ♦ The tallest mountain in Africa is Mount Kilimanjaro reaching a height
of 19,563 feet.
♦ The Sahara Desert and the Nile River, the largest desert and the
longest river in the world, respectively, are found in Africa. The Black
Sea, one of the major seas of the world, is also found in this
continent.
♦ One of the ten most populous cities in the world is found in Africa.
This distinction goes to Cairo, Egypt with a population of 14.4
million.
♦ The most populous country in Africa is Nigeria with a population of
123,337,822.

Let’s Try This

Like countries in Asia, African countries also have their respective
capitals.
Identify the capitals. Blank lines are provided for each African country
whose capital is to be identified. Compare your answers on the list provided
on the next page.

1. Morocco — __________
2. Chad — __________

3. Egypt — __________
4. Sudan — __________

5. Uganda — __________

6. Ethiopia — __________

7. Seychelees — __________

8. Namibia — __________

9. South Africa — __________ 10. Madagascar — _________

26
African Countries (Capital) African Countries (Capital)

1. Algeria (Algiers) 25. Malawi (Lilongwe)

2. Angola (Luanda) 26. Mali (Bamako)

3. Benin (Porti-Novo) 27. Mauritania (Nouakchott)

4. Botswana (Gaborone) 28. Mauritius (Port Louis)

5. Burkina (Ouagadougou) 29. Morocco (Rabat)

6. Burundi (Bujumbura) 30. Mozambique (Maputo)

7. Cameroon (Yaoundé) 31. Namibia (Windhoek)

8. Cape Verde (Praia) 32. Niger (Niamey)

9. Central African Republic 33. Nigeria (Abuja)

(Bangui)
34. Rwanda (Kigali)
10. Chad (N’Djamena)
35. Sao Tomé and Principe
11. Comoros (Moroni) (Sao Tomé)

12. Congo (Brazzaville) 36. Senegal (Dakar)

13. Congo (DRC) (Kinshasa) 37. Seychelles (Victoria)

14. Cote d’Ivoire or Ivory Coast 38. Sierra Leone (Freetown)

(Yamoussoukro)
39. Somalia (Mogadishu)
15. Djibouti (Djibouti)
40. South Africa (Cape Town
16. Egypt (Cairo) or Bloemfontein)

17. Equatorial Guinea (Malabo) 41. Sudan (Khartoum)

18. Eritrea (Asmara) 42. Swaziland (Mbabane)

19. Ethiopia (Addis Ababa) 43. Tanzania (Dodoma or

Dar es Salaam)
20. Gabon (Libreville)
44. Togo (Lomé)
21. Gambia (Banjul)
45. Tunisia (Tunis)
22. Ghana (Accra)
46. Uganda (Kampala)
23. Libya (Tripoli)
47. Zambia (Lusaka)
24. Madagascar (Antananarivo)
48. Zimbabwe (Harare)

27
 Let’s Learn

Antarctica: The Coldest Continent

Can you see people living and surviving on this continent? The thick ice
surrounding the entire continent makes you wonder if anything can survive
there, doesn’t it? How can people survive in an extremely cold place? Here’s a
thought: If Santa Claus and his elves can survive living in the North Pole, it is
most likely that the inhabitants of Antarctica will also survive the extreme cold
there.
Anyway, it’s not all that bad in Antarctica. Despite the extreme conditions,
Antarctica plays an important role in the field of science and research. Do you
want to know how? Read on.

Antarctica

This continent, found in the southernmost tip of the world, is considered

to be the coldest, remotest, most unspoiled continent on Earth. The continent
is about 13,209,000 square kilometers in area, almost completely covered with
vast ice sheets averaging about 6,500 feet thick.
The tallest mountain in Antarctica is Vinson Massif with a height of 16,066
feet.
Antarctica is the only continent which provides nonpolitical scientific use
for countries such as Chile, Argentina, Britain, and France, making it the
world’s largest strict nature reserve.
The long distances between the countries mentioned above and Antarctica
speak greatly of the importance of this continent in the field of research.
Imagine the time it takes to travel to Antarctica.

28
 Let’s Try This

Draw a line from Antartica to the countries that do scientific research

there. These countries were mentioned on page 28.

Britain

France

Chile

Argentina

Antartica

World Map

Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on page 57.

If you noticed, we have gone to the bottom of the world map. Is our
world tour over? Of course not. Look at the world map, on the rightmost part
of world map you will see a very small continent. Do you know the name of
this continent? Here’s a hint, look at the pictures on the next page.

29
 koala Kiwi Kangaroo

If you were thinking that this continent is Australia, then you’re right!
Aside from the animals shown above, what are the first things that come into
your mind when someone mentions Australia? The most recent event that
surely identifies Australia was the 2000 Olympics at Sydney, Australia.

Do you want to know more about this unique continent? Read on.

Australia

♦ This continent is about 7,687,000 square kilometers in area. It is

considered the smallest continent in the world.

♦ This continent, with

a population of
31,000,000 people,
is also a country.

♦ The tallest
mountain in
Oceania is Mt.
Willhelm with a
height of 14,789
feet.

♦ The Pacific and

Indian Oceans
surround Australia.

30
 Let’s Think About This

Look at the map on page 30. Did you notice the many islands near
Australia? Are they still part of Australia? If they are not, to which continent do
they belong?

Have you heard of Oceania? To give you an idea of what Oceania is, look
at the picture below.

Northern
Guam Marianas Island
Micronesia
Marshall
Island
Palau
Nauru

Papua Solomon Kiribati

New Island
Guinea Tuvalu
Samoa
Vanuatu Fiji
Tonga
New Caledonia French Polynesia
Australia

New Zealand

Oceania

Can you describe Oceania? Write your thoughts on the blanks provided
below.

______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

Australia, New Zealand, and most of the Pacific islands are collectively
called Oceania. If your answer is somewhere near that, that’s good! Oceania is
one of the most diverse and fascinating areas on the planet. Most of the
islands are dependencies. In other words, these islands are territories of other
countries. For example, Guam is an island found in Oceania, but it is a
territory of the United States.

31
 Don’t be confused. Oceania is not considered a continent. It is very much
like what Middle East or Southeast Asia is to mainland Asia. It serves as a
collective term to identify these major islands in that part of the world.

Expect to learn more about dependencies or territories as you go along

with the lesson. For now, you will concentrate on Australia.

Here are the countries which are part of Australia and Oceania.

Countries in Oceania and Australia

1. Australia (Canberra)

2. Fiji (Suva)

3. Kiribati (Tarawa)

4. Marshall Islands (Majuro)

5. Micronesia (Palikir)

6. Nauru (Yaren)

7. New Caledonia (Nouméa)

8. New Zealand (Wellington)

9. Palau (Koror)

10. Papua New Guinea (Port Moresby)

11. Samoa (Apia)

12. Solomon Islands (Honiara)

13. Tonga (Nuku’alofa)

14. Tuvalu (Funafuti)

15. Vanuatu (Port Vila)

32
 Let’s Try This

Put a check mark (4) under the continent in which the following countries
are found. In the last column, write down the capital of each country.

Country Africa Antarctica Australia/ Capital

Oceana

1. Zimbabwe

2. Fiji

3. Rwanda

4. Nigeria

5. Egypt

6. Ethiopia

7. Guam

8. South Africa

9. Kiribati

10. New Zealand

Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on page 57.

33
 Let’s Learn

Are you tired from all this travelling? We have been to four continents so
far and we have three more left to go. The next continents are just as exciting
as the others. What are we waiting for? Let’s go!

Europe: The Historical and Cultural Continent

♦ This continent, about 9,938,000 square kilometers in area, is the

second smallest continent.

♦ This continent has a population of 728,435,000 people.

♦ It is one of, if not, the richest historical and cultural sites in the world.
Six of the ten most visited countries in the world are in Europe. They
are France, Spain, Italy, United Kingdom, Poland and Austria.

♦ The smallest country or state in the world, Vatican City or the Holy
See, is found in Europe.

♦ Mt. Elbrus, with a height of 18,481 feet, is the highest mountain in

Europe.

♦ The major sea found in Europe is the Mediterranean.

♦ Because of their proximity to one another, this continent is sometimes

combined with Asia and collectively known as Eurasia.

♦ It is closest to the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans.

34
 Iceland
Finland

Norway
Atlantic Russian
Ocean Federation
Sweden
Estonia

United Latvia
Kingdom
Lituania

Poland Belarus
Germany
Ukraine
Ireland Slovania Czech Hungary
Rep Moldova
Slovakia
France Austria
Romania
Switzerland Italy Macedonia
Georgia
Black Sea
Bosnia Bulgaria

Spain
Yugoslavia
Greece
Andorra Albania

Portugal Mediterranean Sea Malta

Europe
Let’s Try This

Look at the pictures below and identify the European country

where these landmarks or images can be found.

1. This is the Eiffel Tower. Where in Europe

can you find this monument? Here’s a clue:
This country is known to be where
perfumes were first made.

Answer: _____________

35
2. This is the Leaning Tower of Pisa. Where in
Europe can you find this tower? Here’s a
clue: This country is also famous for pizza
and spaghetti.

Answer: ______________

3. Where in Europe can you find these

windmills? Here’s a clue: Remember that
famous local brand of evaporated milk with
a typical milkmaid from this country on its
label.

Answer: ______________

4. Where in Europe can you find Big Ben?

Here’s a clue: This is the country where the
late Princess Diana lived.

Answer: ______________

5. Bullfighting is a famous sport in what

country in Europe? Here’s a clue: This
country is the most influential as far as the
history of the Philippines is concerned.
They colonized us for almost four
centuries.

Answer: ______________

36
 6. This is where the first Olympics were held.
Which European country is this? Here’s a
clue: They are also famous for their gods
and goddesses like Zeus, Aphrodite, etc.

Answer: ______________

Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on page 58.

Let’s Try This

During your spare time, go to a library and read more about famous
places or things found in Europe. You will surely enjoy on the many beautiful
and interesting things that can be discovered in Europe.

Another activity you can do is to study each European country listed

below. Again, you can go to the library. Study one country at a time. Going
through the list gives you the opportunity to savor each country’s attractions
and people.

European Countries (Capitals) European Countries (Capitals)

1. Albania (Tiranë) 11. Estonia (Tallinn)

2. Andorra (Andorra la Vella) 12. Finland (Helsinki)

3. Austria (Vienna) 13. France (Paris)

4. Belgium (Brussels) 14. Georgia (Tbilisi)

5. Belarus (Mensk) 15. Germany (Berlin)

6. Bosnia-Herzegovina (Sarajevo) 16. Greece (Athens)

7. Bulgaria (Sofia) 17. Hungary (Budapest)

8. Croatia (Zagreb) 18. Iceland (Reykjavik)

9. Czech Republic (Prague) 19. Ireland (Dublin)

10. Denmark (Copenhagen) 20. Italy (Rome)

37
 European Countries (Capitals) European Countries (Capitals)

21. Latvia (Riga) 34. San Marino (San Marino)

22. Liechtenstein (Vaduz) 35. Serbia/Montenegro (formerly

Yugoslavia) (Belgrade)
23. Lithuania (Vilnius)
36. Slovakia (Bratislava)
24. Luxembourg (Luxembourg)
37. Slovenia (Ljubljana)
25. Macedonia (Skopje)
38. Spain (Madrid)
26. Malta (Valletta)
39. Sweden (Stockholm)
27. Moldova (Chisinau)
40. Switzerland (Bern)
28. Monaco (Monaco)
41. Ukraine (Kyiv or Kiev)
29. The Netherlands (Amsterdam)
42. United Kingdom or Great
30. Norway (Oslo) Britain, including England,
31. Poland (Warsaw) Scotland, Wales and Northern
Ireland (London)
32. Portugal (Lisbon)

33. Romania (Bucharest)

What do you think of Europe? Isn’t it a colorful continent? Don’t worry,

the last continents you will learn about will be just as interesting as the previous
ones.

Let’s Learn

North America: The Third Largest Continent

♦ This continent is about 24,256,000 square kilometers in area. It is the
third largest continent in the world.

♦ It has a population of 476,166,000 people.

♦ Three of the ten most visited countries in the world are found in North
America. These are the United States, Mexico and Canada.

♦ Three of the ten most populous cities in the world are found in North
America. These are: New York, USA (population: 20.2 million),
Mexico City, Mexico (19.8 million) and Los Angeles, USA (16.2
million).

38
♦ The United States of America, one of the most powerful countries in
the world, has the largest population (275,562,673) on this continent.

♦ Mt. McKinley is the tallest mountain in North America and is found in

Alaska (U.S. state).

♦ Three major bodies of water of the world are found in North America.
They are the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico and Hudson Bay.

♦ It is located between Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Alaska

Canada

North
Dakota South
Dakota Virginia
Minesota
Washington Kentucky
Montana
Oregon
Illino

Nebraska Iowa
is

North
California Utah
Carolina
Ne

Colorado Kansas
vad

Missouri South
a

New Carolina
Mexico Alabama Florida
Texas Dominican
Rep
Louisiana

Oklahoma
Cuba
Mexico Puerto
Belize Rico
Jamaica
Guatemala Nicaragua
Honduras

North America

39
 South America: North America’s Sister Continent
♦ This continent is about 17,819,000 square kilometers in area.
♦ This continent has a population of 339,000,000 people.
♦ The country with the largest population in this continent is Brazil with
172,860,370 people.
♦ The Amazon, the second longest river in the world, is found in South
America.
♦ The tallest mountain found in South America is the Aconcagua with a
height of 22,831 feet.
♦ This continent is located between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and
is below the continent of North America.

Trinidad and Tobago

Guyana
Venezuela Surinam

Panama Columbia French Guiana

North Atlantic Ocean

Ecuador

Brazil
Peru

Bolivia
Paraguay

Pacific Ocean

Chile Argentina South Atlantic

Ocean
Uruguay

South America

40
 Let’s Think About This

What can you say about the “twin” Americas? Aren’t they as diverse as
the other continents? To better appreciate North and South America, look at
the pictures below.

Now that you have had a glimpse of what North and South America has
to offer. If you were given the chance to travel, what countries in North and
South America would you visit? Why? What do you hope to see or to learn in
these countries?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

You can discuss your answers with your family members, co-learners, or
friends. You can also show your list to your Instructional Manager or
Facilitator for additional feedback.

The list in the table on the next page shows the different countries in North
and South America, as well as their capitals. You can use this list to decide
which countries you would like to visit.

41
 North American Countries (Capitals) South American Countries (Capitals)

1. Belize (Belmopan) 1. Argentina (Buenos Aires)

2. Canada (Ontario) 2. Bolivia (Sucre)

3. Costa Rica (San Jose) 3. Brazil (Brasilia)

4. Cuba (Havana) 4. Chile (Santiago)

5. Dominican Republic
5. Colombia (Santafe de Bogota)
(Santo Domingo)

6. El Salvador (San Salvador) 6. Ecuador (Quito)

7. Guatemala (Guatemala City) 7. Guyana (Georgetown)

8. Haiti (Port-au-Prince) 8. Paraguay (Asuncion)

9. Honduras (Tegucigalpa) 9. Peru (Lima)

10. Jamaica (Kingston) 10. Suriname (Paramaribo)

11. Mexico (Mexico City) 11. Uruguay (Montevideo)

12. Nicaragua (Managua) 12. Venezuela (Caracas)

13. Panama (Panama City)

14. United States of America

(Washington, D.C.)

Compare your answers against the sample answers found in the Answer
Key on page 58.

42
 Let’s Try This

How well do you know North and South America and Europe? Let’s find
out.

Encircle the names of as many North and South American and European
countries as you can in Tables 1 and 2. The first has been done is done for you.

Table 1: North and South American Countries

B C A N A D A J Z E B T L V T

D E S M D U E Y Y D C U S A I

F T F O H V A P X F A F M R A

H D R U R U G U A Y Y S A G K

S U G J G D F O W G B G Z E O

J C Q A L C T L V H X R B N N

P E R U P W S K U I C H Y T G

R A H R T X G N T B R A Z I L

P V P G X A H M S K W Q C N J

L M E X I C O E R J D I X A U

N B I U Z X H V Q L V P D F A

P X O C Y T Q I P X E J W U N

S A J K J C C O L O M B I A I

U Z N X B E I Q O E U K E G L

43
 Table 2: European Countries

X Y C A V U E D T S Q M I H L
E N U O E Y Y P I L E A B O J
E O N L N D F P T N D R W O X
S W I T Z E R L A N D Y D E L
T S T M L Y A S L T E F O N O
O J E K I A N T Y I N Y V R T
N E D X P M C A N S M L A C S
I B K B E L E O G R A P H I W
A S E I R T N E O G R E E C E
C E Y B N I K D E N K T P H D
A J A K I G A T C Y N C V R E
F I N L A N D A E J S P A I N
M B Y B N L I O G R A P H I I
S A E I R T N E M O T N O J K
C E Y B R I K D E N M T P H N

Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on pages 59–60.

Let’s Study and Analyze

Do you still remember the islands surrounding Australia? It was mentioned

that most of these islands are dependencies. But what are dependencies or
territories?

Many areas of the world, mostly islands, are under the economic and
military protection of a country or state. These islands are called
dependencies or territories. They are usually small and are found in very far
areas. Some of these islands aspire for independence, while others would be
unable to survive as independent countries for security and economic reasons.

44
 The countries that have claimed these dependencies and territories are
highly industrialized. The reasons for claiming these islands may be historic,
economic or military in nature. The world superpowers such as France, the
United Kingdom and the United States maintain these territories primarily
because of their rich natural resources and strategic position in that area of the
world.

The United States, for example, has military

installations in almost all of its territorial islands, as well
as in other countries like Japan, France and, at one time,
the Philippines. This is meant to give the United States a
military advantage.

Recent history tells us that many wars began as

territorial disputes. The 1980s saw the United Kingdom
and Argentina going to war over the Falkland Islands. In

Atlantic Ocean
the early 1990s, Iraq went to war against the United
Nations forces after it had invaded Kuwait.

Arg
entin
a
Have you heard of the Spratly Islands? You must
have read about it in the newspapers or heard about it on Falkland Is.

television or radio. If you have not, it is an island being

Tierra Del Fuego
claimed by countries like China, Vietnam, Malaysia and
the Philippines. One of the reasons for this dispute is the belief that this island
is rich in oil. Tensions often arise between these countries because of the
Spratly Islands.

One famous saying goes, “the hand that

rocks the cradle rules the world.” In reality, the
“cradle rockers” are a group of eight powerful
countries, also known as G8. They have been
initiating programs geared to help their
China underdeveloped neighbors. The members of G8
Taiwan
are Britain (United Kingdom), Canada, France,
Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, and United States.
They are considered the most powerful nations
Philippine
in the world.
Spratly Is.
On the next page is a list of countries and
their dependencies. As you will see, the United
States, the United Kingdom, France and
Australia have the most number of territories.

45
 Dependencies/Territories Claimed by

Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island,

Cocos Islands, Coral Sea Island, Heard and Australia
MacDonald Islands, and Norfolk Island

French Guiana, French Polynesia, Guadeloupe,

Martinique, Mayotte, New Caledonia, Reunion, France
St. Pierre & Miguelon, and Wallis and Futuna

Anguila, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory,

British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland United Kingdom
Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Isle of Man, Jersey,
Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, South Georgia &
South Sandwich Islands, St. Helena &
Dependencies, and Turks and Caicos Islands

American Samoa, Baker and Howland Islands,

Guam, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman
Reef, Midway Island, Navassa Island, Northern United States of America
Marianas, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, Virgin
Islands, and Wake Islands

Hong Kong and Macao China

Faeroe Islands and Greenland Denmark

Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Peter Island, and Norway

Svelbard

Aruba and Netherland Antilles Netherlands

Cook Islands, Niue, and Tokelau New Zealand

Have you heard or read about any of the above territories or

dependencies? If you have, you can share what you learned with your family
members, friends or co-learners.

Let’s Try This

Make your own map out of old and used newspaper. Trace the outlines of
the continents and the countries by copying the illustrations you see in this
module or illustrations of the world found in other books or magazines.
Identify all the countries in every continent. Also include the oceans and major
seas of the world. By doing this, you will eventually learn by heart every
corner of the world.

46
 You can use your own map in planning for your own “trip around the
world” by identifying your travel route. Identify the places you’d like to go to
by plotting points and connecting these points. Learn more about the countries
you have identified by reading about them in books and magazines or
watching them on TV or in movies. Once you have learned something about a
particular place, you can share this information with your friends or family.
The next time, you can plan another trip and plot a different travel route.
You’ll be surprised at the wealth of knowledge you can get from just
learning something new about a certain place – its physical features, its people,
their ways of life. Enjoy the trip!

Let’s See What You Have Learned

A. Identify the country being described. Write your answers in the

spaces provided before each number.

_____________ 1. Believed to be the most powerful country in

the world.

_____________ 2. The capital of this country is Ouagadougou.

_____________ 3. The continent where the smallest state is

found.

_____________ 4. This country is referred to as “land of the

rising sun.” Its capital is Tokyo.

_____________ 5. This country is the only Christian nation in

Asia. Its capital is Manila.

_____________ 6. Both a country and a continent.

_____________ 7. The country famous for pizza and the Leaning

Tower of Pisa.

_____________ 8. The country with the most number of Chinese

people.

47
 B. Match the items in Column A with those in Column B. Write the
correct letter on the space provided before each number.

A B

____ 1. United Kingdom a. The country that ruled over the

____ 2. Middle East Philippines for almost four
hundred years.
____ 3. Philippines
b. Known as the land of milk and
____ 4. Spain honey.
____ 5. U.S.A c. The continent with the most
____ 6. Antarctica countries
____ 7. Eurasia d. Capital of the Philippines.
____ 8. Africa e. Part of Asia known to be rich in
oil.
____ 9. Manila .
f. The country that uses the
____ 10. Europe
Filipino language.
g. The continent with the most G8
members.
h. The country with the most
territories.
i. The continent mostly covered
with thick ice
j. Europe and Asia together

How did you do? You can check your answers with those in the Answer
Key on pages 60–61. Did you get all the correct answers? If so, very good! If
not, review the parts of this lesson that were not clear to you.

Let’s Remember

In this last lesson, you learned that:

♦ it was believed that at one time there was only one continent. This
single continent eventually separated into several continents;

♦ continents are made up of large masses of land;

48
♦ the seven continents in the world are: Asia, Africa, Antarctica,
Australia, Europe, North and South America;

♦ Antarctica, is a continent with no known inhabitants or people native

to that continent. It is exclusively used for research;

♦ the seven continents are spread over the whole world;

♦ each country in every continent offers diverse attractions and colorful

people that are totally unique.

Let’s Sum Up

In this module, you learned that:

♦ the continents, as Continental Drift Theory suggests, were formed

as a result of movements above and below the earth’s surface;

♦ the earth’s surface is represented on a map. These parts can be in the

shape or form of continents, countries, bodies of water, mountain
ranges, etc.;

♦ a map provides information that makes it easier to locate different

places or parts of the earth’s surface;

♦ important information ranging from the simple to the primary

directions, latitudes, longitudes, the equator and the prime meridian
are tools used in locating a point anywhere in the world;

♦ with a map and a good imagination, travelling need not be an

expensive and exhausting activity;

♦ learning how to use a map is as educational and interesting as any trip;

♦ learning more about each country is not only limited to the physical
features of a particular place, but to its human side as well; and

♦ knowing that people from other countries are, in a lot of ways, similar
or different, makes it easier for us to relate and accept our own
people’s similarities and, most importantly, our differences.

49
 What Have You Learned?

You are almost finished with this module. Let’s check how much you have
learned.

A. Answer the following questions. Write your answers on the blank

spaces provided.

1. The __________________ determines whether a certain place

is in the eastern or western hemisphere of the map.

2. A globe, like a __________________, is also a representation

of the earth’s surface.

3. Parallels are also called __________________ because they are

imaginary lines running parallel to the Equator.

4. __________________ are referred to as secondary directions,

while north, south, east and west are called primary directions.

B. Re-arrange the letters until you get the correct answer. A clue is
provided on the third column to help you identify the words. Write
your answers on the second column.

STTNNNICOE 1. There are seven large masses of land in

the world.

EDUTIGNOL 2. Angular distance of point east or west of

the prime meridian.

TORAQUE 3. An imaginary line “dividing” the world

into northern and southern hemispheres.

AAAITTCCRN 4. The most unique continent in the world.

Covered mostly with ice and found in the
southern most part of the world.

SIAA 5. The largest continent in the world.

CAARFI 6. Where the Sahara desert and the Nile

river are found.

CCIIAPF 7. The largest ocean in the world. Its near

Asia.

50
 EEUORP 8. The continent with four of the most
powerful countries in the world.

CNAAOIE 9. Collective name of Australia, New

Zealand and the Pacific islands.

EEETSRV 10. The tallest mountain in Nepal and also in

the world.

Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on page 62.
If you got all the answers correct, that’s very good! You are now
knowledgeable about the how to read a map and locate the different
continents, countries, and other physical features on it. You can study this
module again to review what you learned and missed. If you missed some
answers, don’t worry. Review the parts of the module that you did not
understand.
Once you are able to answer all the review questions correctly, then you
are finished with this module. You have been good learner, and now you can
move on to the next module. Congratulations and keep up the good work!

51
 Answer Key

A. Let’s See What You Already Know (pages 2–3)

Name the Name the Name the Name the bodies

continents countries oceans of water

1. North America 8. Philippines 15. Arctic 19. Black Sea

2. South America 9. United States 16. Pacific 20. Carribean Sea

3. Antarctica 10. China 17. Indian 21. East China

4. Africa 11. Japan 18. Atlantic 22. Mediterranean

Ocean
5. Europe 12. South Africa
23. Red Sea
6. Australia or 13. Brazil
Oceania 24. South China Sea
14. France
7. Asia

B. Lesson 1
Let’s Review (pages 6–7)

Below is a sample answer only. Show your map to your Instructional

Manager for additional feedback.
Calsada Street
Calle Street

Restaurant Shopping Mall

Commonwealth Avenue

Gas station

School

1. The house is located at the corner of Calle Street and

Commonwealth Avenue.

52
2. To the left of the house is a gas station.The gas station is also
located at the corner of Calle Street and Commonwealth
Avenue.

3. In front of the house is a shopping mall. The shopping mall is

between Calle and Calsada Streets.

4. To the right of the house are Calsada Street and the school.

Let’s Try This (pages 10–11)

Country Latitude Longitude Hemisphere(s)

1. V (Example) 90ºN 60ºW Northern and Western

2. W 25ºS 45ºE Southern and Eastern

3. X 140ºS 60ºW Southern and Western

4. Y 60ºN 75ºE Northern and Eastern

5. Z 105ºN 30ºE Northern and Eastern

Let’s See What You Have Learned (pages 12–13)

A. 1. (b) Maps are effective tools to locate places on the

earth’s surface. As discussed in Lesson 1, with maps,
one can find the locations of continents, countries,
bodies of water and mountain ranges. Other maps are
also used to measuring climate changes, to determine
the abundance or non-existence of some natural
resources, or to monitor traffic.
2. (c) Words such as above, below, right, east, west,
northeast, southwest, etc. are examples of directional
words. The first three examples are simple directional
words. Words such as northeast, northwest,
southeast, and southwest are secondary directional
words. On the other hand, words such as east, west,
north, south are primary directional words.

53
 3. (c) A latitude is sometimes called a parallel. If you’re
familiar with geometry, you will remember that parallel
lines or planes should extend in the same direction and
be the same distance apart at every point. A two-way
lane of cars going in the same directions is an example
of a parallel.
4. (d) The acronym NEWS is just a quick and easy way to
remember the four important primary directional words
because they are the most frequently used directions
when using a map. News stands for North, East, West
and South.
5. (a) As explained in Lesson 1, the world is divided into four
hemispheres. These four hemispheres help in locating a
particular place on the map.
B. 1. Map
2. Northern Hemisphere
3. Southern Hemisphere
4. Latitude
5. Longitude
6. The equator
7. The prime meridian
8. latitude and longitude

C. Lesson 2
Let’s Study And Analyze (page 16)
Below are sample answers only. Your answers might be different.
Show your answers to your Instructional Manager for additional
feedback.
1. — The jigsaw puzzle pieces were placed closely together.
— Some pieces were overlapping.
— Since the pieces do not necessarily fit together, there
were spaces in between.
2. — The distance between some jigsaw puzzle pieces are farther
apart compared to the distances before the table was shaken.
— The jigsaw puzzle pieces moved in different directions.

54
 Let’s Try This (page 20)

Note: For this activity, sample mark used to identify Middle East
Asian countries is a check (4), while a cross (8) is the sample mark
used to identify Southeast Asian countries.

Turkmenistan
Syria Uzbekistan
Lebanon
Turkey Tajikistan
Myanmar
Iraq Armenia
Thailand
tan

Cyprus Iran
kis

Kuwait Laos
Pa

Vietnam
Israel Saudi
Jordan Arabia
Afghanistan
Brunei Philippines
Qatar United Arab
Yemen Bahrain Emirates Malaysia Cambodia
Oman

Singapore
Indonesia

Southeast Asian
Middle East Asian Countries (4)
Countries (8)

1. Afghanistan 11. Kyrgyzstan 21. United Arab 1. Thailand

Emirates
2. Armenia 12. Lebanon 2. Singapore
22. Uzbekistan
3. Azerbaijan 13. Oman 3. Malaysia
23. Yemen
4. Bahrain 14. Pakistan 4. Indonesia

5. Cyprus 15. Qatar 5. Vietnam

6. Iran 16. Saudi Arabia 6. Brunei

7. Iraq 17. Syria 7. Laos

8. Israel 18. Tajikistan 8. Cambodia

9. Jordan 19. Turkey 9. Myanmar

10. Kuwait 20. Turkmenistan 10. Philippines

55
Let’s Try This (page 22)

China
Nepal
Bangaladesh

Pakistan India

Indonesia

Let’s Try This (page 23–24)

Name the Country Capital

1. China Beijing
2. Japan Tokyo

3. Philippines Manila

4. Iran Tehran or Teheran

5. Saudi Arabia Riyadh

6. Singapore Singapore

7. Iraq Baghdad
8. Kazakhstan Alma Ata

9. Laos Vientiane

10. Vietnam Hanoi

11. Israel Jerusalem

12. Indonesia Jakarta

13. Yemen Sanaá

14. Malaysia Kuala Lumpur

15. Afghanistan Kabul

56
 Let’ Try This (page 29)

Britain France

Chile

Argentina

Let’s Try This (page 33)

Country Africa Antarctica Australia/ Capital

Oceana

1. Zimbabwe 4 Harare

2. Fiji 4 Suva

3. Rwanda 4 Kigali

4. Nigeria 4 Abuja

5. Egypt 4 Cairo

6. Ethiopia 4 Addis Ababa

7. Papua New Guinea 4 Port Moresby

8. South Africa 4 Cape Town

9. Kiribati 4 Tarawa

10. New Zealand 4 Wellington

57
Let’s Try This (pages 35–37)

1. The Eiffel Tower is found in France.

2. The Leaning Tower of Pisa is found in Italy

3. The windmills can be found all over Netherlands.

4. The Big Ben can be found in Britain.

5. Bullfighting is very famous in Spain.

6. The very first Olympics were held in Greece.

Let’s Think About This (page 41)

Below are sample answers only. Show your answers to your

Instructional Manager for additional feedback.

It would be interesting to go to the following North and South

American countries:

1. United States – Many Filipinos dream of going to this country.

This is said to be land of milk and honey and is also seen as a
country of unlimited opportunities and freedom.

2. Brazil and almost all South American countries – The similarities

of our own traditions, practices and customs to most South
Americans would make it easier for us to relate to these people.
The “close ties” can be attributed to our common colonizers,
Portugal and Spain.

58
Let Try This (pages 43–44)

Table 1

B C A N A D A J Z E B T L V T

D E S M D U E Y Y D C U S A I

F T F O H V A P X F A F M R A

H D R U R U G U A Y Y S A G K

S U G J G D F O W G B G Z E O

J C Q A L C T L V H X R B N N

P E R U P W S K U I C H Y T G

R A H R T X G N T B R A Z I L

P V P G X A H M S K W Q C N J

L M E X I C O E R J D I X A U

N B I U Z X H V Q L V P D F A

P X O C Y T Q I P X E J W U N

S A J K J C C O L O M B I A I

U Z N X B E I Q O EE U K E G L

59
TABLE 2

X Y C A V U E D T S Q M I H L
E N U O E Y Y P I L E A B O J
E O N L N D F P T N D R W O X
S W I T Z E R L A N D Y D E L
T S T M L Y A S L T E F O N O
O J E K I A N T Y I N Y V R T
N E D X P M C A N S M L A C S
I B K B E L E O G R A P H I W
A S E I R T N E O G R E E C E
C E Y B N I K D E N K T P H D
A J A K I G A T C Y N C V R E
F I N L A N D A E J S P A I N
M B Y B N L I O G R A P H I I
S A E I R T N E M O T N O J K
C E Y B R I K D E N M T P H N

Let’s See What You Have Learned (pages 47–48)

A. 1. United States

2. Burkina

3. Europe

4. Japan

5. Philippines

6. Australia

7. Italy

8. China

60
B. 1. (h) As you can see on pages 41–42, United Kingdom has
about 15 territories while United States has about 13
territories.

2. (e) Middle East is host to countries like Saudi Arabia, Iran,

Iraq and Kuwait. These countries are very rich in oil.

3. (f) Aside from English, Filipino (based on Tagalog) is the

most widely spoken regional language/dialect in the
Philippines. Other examples of regional languages are
Ilocano and Cebuano.

4. (a) Since its discovery in 1500s and until its independence

in 1898, the Philippines was under Spanish rule.

5. (b) It is a dream for many Filipinos to be able to go to the

United States. Many believe that it is a country of many
opportunities.

6. (i) There is so much ice in Antarctica that it is almost

uninhabited. Antarctica is now being used solely for
research purposes by a few countries.

7. (j) These two continents are so close together that at one

time they were considered to be one continent.

8. (c) Africa is a continent composed of 48 countries. Asia,

the largest continent, is second with 46 countries.

9. (d) Manila is the capital of the Philippines, although for a

short while Quezon City was considered to be the
capital.

10. (g) Four members of the G8, namely France, Germany,

Italy and United Kingdom, are all found in Europe,
making it the most “powerful” continent in the world.

61
D. What Have You Learned (pages 50–51)
A. 1. prime meridian
2. map
3. latitude
4. northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest

B. 1. continents
2. longitude
3. equator
4. Antarctica
5. Asia
6. Africa
7. Pacific
8. Europe
9. Oceania
10. Everest

Glossary

Equator The imaginary line that divides Earth into Northern and
Southern Hemispheres

Latitude The angular distance measured in degrees north or south from

the equator

Longitude The angular distance measured in degrees east or west from

the prime meridian

Map A representation of the earth’s surface of part of it

Prime meridian The imaginary line that divides Earth into Eastern and
Western Hemispheres

Reference Point A point that serves as the focus or center; A point at

which you can judge distance or location

62
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