Types of Pumps: Working Principle of Pump

To : Chief Engr. Zosimo C. Sionil Jr.
Training Manager
Arctic Shipping Corporation – Training Department
CC : Chief Engr. Nino Mhelbert R. Nuez

Engine Instructor
CC : Engr. Kirby E. Dadole

Engine Instructor
Date : August 16, 2021
Subject: Pump
What is a Pump?
A pump is a mechanical device that is used to pick up water from low-pressure level to
high-pressure level. Basically, the pump changes the energy flow from mechanical to the
fluid. This can be used in process operations which needs a high hydraulic force. This
process can be observed within heavy duty equipment. This equipment needs low
suction and high discharge pressure. Because of low force at suction part of the pump,
the liquid will pick up from certain deepness, while at expulsion side of the pump with
high force, it will drive liquid to pick up until reach preferred height. The pump has since
developed into a continuous range of forms, sizes, & applications. This article discusses
an overview of what is a pump, working principle, types, specifications and difference
between pump & motor.
Working Principle of Pump

The working principle of a pump is, it enhances the fluid’s pressure to provide the
driving strength which is necessary for flow. Usually, the pressure filter supply pump is a
centrifugal type pump, and the working principle is that slurry penetrates the pump
during the rotating impeller’s eye which informs a circular motion
Types of Pumps
There are different types of pumps available in the market with different sizes as well as
shapes from a small scale industrial pump to a large scale industrial pump. There are
two types of pumps such as centrifugal pumps as well as positive displacement pumps.
The classification of these pumps can be done in terms of the technique of
displacement, impulse, velocity, valveless, gravity, and steam pumps.
Dynamic
 Centrifugal pumps
-
Positive Displacement
 Diaphragm pumps
 Gear pumps
 Peristaltic Pumps
 Lobe pumps
 Piston Pumps
Centrifugal pump
An increase in the fluid pressure from the pump inlet to its outlet is created when the
pump is in operation. This pressure difference drives the fluid through the system or
plant.
Classifications of Centrifugal pump
Radial flow pump

In a radial flow pump, the liquid enters at the center of the impeller and is directed out
along the impeller blades in a direction at right angles to the pump shaft.
Axial Flow Pumps
In an axial flow pump, the impeller pushes the liquid in a direction parallel to the pump
shaft. Axial flow pumps are sometimes called propeller pumps because they operate
essentially the same as the propeller of a boat.
Mixed Flow Pumps

Mixed flow pumps borrow characteristics from both radial flow and axial flow pumps. As
liquid flows through the impeller of a mixed flow pump, the impeller blades push the
liquid out away from the pump shaft and to the pump suction at an angle greater than
90 degree.
Multiple Stage Pump

A pump stage is defined as that portion of a centrifugal pump consisting of one impeller
and its associated components. Most centrifugal pumps are single stage pumps,
containing only one impeller. A pump containing seven impellers within a single casing
would be referred to as a seven-stage pump or, or generally, as a multi-stage pump.
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
DIAPHRAGM PUMP
They are also used for chemical transfer, de-watering underground coal mines, food
manufacturing or where the liquid being pumped has a high solids content or high
viscosity.
GEAR
PUMPS
Gear pumps transfer fluid by gears coming in and out of mesh to create a non-pulsating
pumping action. They are able to pump at high pressures and excel at pumping high
viscosity liquids efficiently.
Screw Pump
Screw pumps operate using two counter-rotating screw rotors which are engineered so
that they rotate “towards each other”. This traps the gas in the space between the
“screws” of their rotors. As the screws rotate, this trapped volume decreases which not
only compresses the gas but moves it towards the exhaust.
Vane Pump
Also known as rotary vane or sliding vane pumps, operate via the positive displacement
principle. Positive displacement pumps essentially move the fluid by trapping a fixed
volume and forcing that trapped fluid into the discharge pipe.
Eductor Pump
Eductor is a simple type of pump which works on the ‘venturi effect’ to pump out air,
gas or liquid from a specified area. Eductor require only a motive fluid or driving fluid
for its operation, which allows it to use at any part of the ship including hazardous
areas. When the driving fluid is passed through the eductor at the required capacity
(which depends on the design of the eductor), a low pressure is created inside it. This
low pressure or vacuum enables the eductor to suck liquid or gas from a certain area.
This liquid or gas is pumped out through the driving fluid discharge .
The Venturi effect is the reduction in fluid pressure that results when a fluid
flows through a constricted section of a pipe
Mechanical seals
-are devices that are used to provide a seal at the point of entry or exit of a rotating
shaft. Typically it is used to prevent the leakage of one high pressure fluid into a lower
pressure fluid.
Gland packing
is a braided, rope like material that is packed around the shaft - physically
stuffing the gap between the shaft and the pump housing.
Pump shaft alignment
Pump shaft to motor shaft alignment is a critical part of the startup process that
our service technicians perform on a daily basis. If a pump shaft and motor shaft
are not properly aligned, it can lead to the following issues:
 Excess Noise
 Excess Vibration
 Shortened Seal Life
 Premature Pump and Motor Bearing Failures
 Coupler Sleeve Disintegration or Melting
The Two Types of Pump Shaft Misalignment

There are two types of misalignment and you can have both types in the same
pump at the same time. These can occur both in the vertical and horizontal
positions.
The first is Angular Misalignment where the shafts are not parallel:
The second is Parallel Misalignment where the shafts are not parallel and
have an offset:

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To : Chief Engr. Zosimo C. Sionil Jr.

CC : Chief Engr. Nino Mhelbert R. Nuez

CC : Engr. Kirby E. Dadole

Date : August 16, 2021

Working Principle of Pump

Classifications of Centrifugal pump

Radial flow pump

Mixed Flow Pumps

Multiple Stage Pump

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

The Two Types of Pump Shaft Misalignment

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