Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 182 views

    Lecture Aid: Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing 1

    Uploaded by

    Hershey Lerion
    Major tranquilizers/antipsychotics are used to treat schizophrenia and other psychoses. They work by blocking dopamine receptors. Typical antipsychotics like haloperidol treat positive symptoms but cause extrapyramidal side effects. Atypical antipsychotics like risperidol treat both positive and negative symptoms and have fewer side effects. Minor tranquilizers/anxiolytics like alprazolam are used to treat anxiety disorders and promote sleep. They have sedative effects and should be taken with food separately from other drugs to avoid interactions. Antidepressants work to increase appetite and sleep. Tricyclics can cause changes in blood pressure and heart rate so monitoring is needed. MA

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lecture Aid: Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing 1

    Uploaded by

    Hershey Lerion
    182 views3 pages
    Major tranquilizers/antipsychotics are used to treat schizophrenia and other psychoses. They work by blocking dopamine receptors. Typical antipsychotics like haloperidol treat positive symptoms but cause extrapyramidal side effects. Atypical antipsychotics like risperidol treat both positive and negative symptoms and have fewer side effects. Minor tranquilizers/anxiolytics like alprazolam are used to treat anxiety disorders and promote sleep. They have sedative effects and should be taken with food separately from other drugs to avoid interactions. Antidepressants work to increase appetite and sleep. Tricyclics can cause changes in blood pressure and heart rate so monitoring is needed. MA

    Original Title

    Pscyho Pharma

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Major tranquilizers/antipsychotics are used to treat schizophrenia and other psychoses. They work by blocking dopamine receptors. Typical antipsychotics like haloperidol treat positive symptoms but cause extrapyramidal side effects. Atypical antipsychotics like risperidol treat both positive and negative symptoms and have fewer side effects. Minor tranquilizers/anxiolytics like alprazolam are used to treat anxiety disorders and promote sleep. They have sedative effects and should be taken with food separately from other drugs to avoid interactions. Antidepressants work to increase appetite and sleep. Tricyclics can cause changes in blood pressure and heart rate so monitoring is needed. MA

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    182 views3 pages

    Lecture Aid: Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing 1

    Uploaded by

    Hershey Lerion
    Major tranquilizers/antipsychotics are used to treat schizophrenia and other psychoses. They work by blocking dopamine receptors. Typical antipsychotics like haloperidol treat positive symptoms but cause extrapyramidal side effects. Atypical antipsychotics like risperidol treat both positive and negative symptoms and have fewer side effects. Minor tranquilizers/anxiolytics like alprazolam are used to treat anxiety disorders and promote sleep. They have sedative effects and should be taken with food separately from other drugs to avoid interactions. Antidepressants work to increase appetite and sleep. Tricyclics can cause changes in blood pressure and heart rate so monitoring is needed. MA

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 3

    Lecture Aid: Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing Lester R. L.

    Lintao 1

    BASIC CONCEPTS ON PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

    MAJOR TRANQUILIZERS/ ANTIPSYCHOTICS


    • Indication: Schizophrenia and Other Psychosis
    • Desired effect: _________of symptoms
    • Best taken after meals
    • MOA: Block selected dopamine receptors à decrease dopamine à reduce symptoms

    Types Typical Atypical

    Examples • Haloperidol • Risperdal


    • Mellaril • Seroquel
    • Thorazine • Clozaril
    Disadvantages • EPS • Expensive
    • Treats (+) symptoms only • Less available
    • More severe agranulocytosis

    Advantages • Cheaper • Less or no EPS


    • More available • For both (-) & (+) symptoms

      Before 1990’s After 1990’s

    Side effects Nursing Action

    Blurred vision Avoid _________

    Dry mouth Give sugarless gum

    Tachycardia, palpitation, constipation, urinary retention Monitor & report

    Photosensitivity Don’t expose skin to sunlight

    Orthostatic hypotension Monitor BP


    Advise gradual change in position

    Extra Pyramidal Symptoms Discontinue the next dose


    o Pseudoparkinsonism Report at once
    o pill-rolling tremors Give antidote:
    mask-like face Anticholinergics
    o cog-wheel rigidity • Akineton
    o propulsive gait • Artane
    o Akathisia - restless leg syndrome • Benadryl
    o Dystonia - defect in muscle tone • Cogentin
    Dopaminergics: L- Dopa
    • Espequel, Sporadel

    Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) Withhold the next dose


    • Muscle rigidity + high grade fever + _________ Notify the physician
    Cooling measures

    Adverse effect: report promptly


    · Tardive dyskinesia - lip smacking
    · Agranulocytosis
    o Assess for:
    ▪ Fever
    ▪ Sore throat
    ▪ Lab data: WBC count
    · Hepatotoxicity
    o Assess for ______ & ______

    MINOR TRANQUILIZERS/ ANXIOLYTICS


    Ä Common indication: Anxiety disorders
    Ä Desired Effect: Decreased anxiety, adequate sleep
    Ä Have _________effects

    Examples: (XL VASET)


    Xanax (Alprazolam)
    Lecture Aid: Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing Lester R. L. Lintao 2

    Librium (Chlordiazepoxide )
    Valium (Diazepam)
    Ativan (Lorazepam)
    Serax (Oxazepam)
    Esquanile
    Tranxene (Chlorazepate Dipotassium)

    Nursing Implications:
    · Best taken _________ meals
    · Advise to avoid driving
    · Administer it separately with any drug

    Anxiolytics +
    • _________ = severe hypotension / hypersedation
    • Another _________ = respiratory depression à death
    • Other drugs = CNS depression
    • _________ = less effective

    ANTIDEPRESSANTS
    Desired effects: increased appetite, adequate sleep

    Tricyclic Antidepressants
    Examples:
    · Imipramine · Amitriptyline
    (Tofranil) (Elavil)

    Nursing Implications:
    Ä Best given after meals
    Ä Effectivity: after _________ weeks
    Ä Check the BP, it causes _________
    Ä Check the heart rate, it causes cardiac _________
    Ä Monitor I & O
    Ä Monitor for signs of increased IOP

    MAO INHIBITORS
    Indication: refractory depression

    Examples:
    · Tranylcypromine (Parnate)
    · Phenelzine (Nardil)
    · Isocarboxazid (Marplan)

    Nursing Implications:
    Ä Best taken after meals
    Ä Report headache; it indicates ______________ crisis
    Ä Avoid tyramine containing foods like:
    · Avocado
    · Banana
    · Cheddar and aged cheese
    · Soysauce
    · Preserved foods
    Ä Effectivity: 2-3 weeks
    Ä Monitor the BP
    Ä There should be at least a _____________ interval when shifting from one anti-depressant to another

    Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors


    · Fluoxetine · Paroxetine (Paxil)
    (Prozac) · Fluvoxamine
    · Celatopram (Luvox)
    (Celexa)
    · Sertraline (Zoloft)

    Nursing Implications:
    Ä Avoid the use of:
    · Diazepam · Tryptophan
    · Alcohol
    Ä
    Ä Monitor PTT, PT
    Ä Never give to pregnant / lactating mothers.
    Lecture Aid: Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing Lester R. L. Lintao 3

    ANTI-MANIC AGENT
    Examples:
    · Lithium Citrate · Lithium Carbonate
    (Cibalith – S) (Eskalith, Lithane, Lithobid)

    Nursing implications:
    Ä Never give to _________ mothers
    Ä Best taken after meals
    Ä Increase intake of:
    · fluids (3 L /day)
    · sodium (3 gm/day)
    Ä Avoid activities that increase perspiration
    Ä Effectivity: 10-14 days
    Ä Antipsychotic is administered during the first 2 weeks

    Level Status S/Sx Nursing Interventions


    (mEq/L)

    .5 – 1.5 ________ Monitor


    Increase _________ & fluid intake

    1.6 ________ D/C next dose


    Report
    *_________

    1.7 – 1.9 _________ V_________ D/C next dose


    Anorexia Report
    Nausea *_________ (antidote)
    D_________
    Abdominal
    cramps

    2.0 and _________ _________ D/C next dose


    above (Altered LOC) Report
    *_________

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy