TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO.1 INTRODUCTION TO GRID STATION Page NO
1.1 Layout of 132 kv grid statition sanghar road Nawabshah

1.2 132 kv sanghar road grid station Nawabshah
1.3 Features of 132 kv grid station Nawabshah
1.4 Importance of Electricity
1.5 Electrical Power System
1.6 See shoib thesis 1.4 to 1.7
1.7 Introduction of Grid Station
1.7.1 Site Slection
1.7.2 Size of Grid station
1.7.3 Cost
1.7.4 Safety and Reliability
1.7.5 Operation
1.8 Classification of Grid Station
1.8.1 According to service Requirement
1.8.2 According to the Constructional Features
1.9 Transformer Sub station
CHAPTER NO.2 TRANFORMER PROTECTION
2.1 Introduction of Transformer
2.2 Construction & working principle of Transformer
2.2.1 Power Transformer
2.3 Introduction to tap changer
2.3.1 Working principle of Tap changer
2.4 Common Transformer Faults
2.5 Power Transformer Protection
2.6 Power System for Transformer

2.6.1 Bucholz Protection/Relay
2.6.2 Erath Fault Relay
2.6.3 over Current Relay
2.6.4 Differential System (or circulating current system)
2.7 Bucholz Relay
2.7.1 Construction
2.7.2 Operating Principle
2.7.3 Advantages and Disadvantages
2.8 Earth Fault Leakage Protection
2.9 Combined leakage and over load protection
2.10 Technical Data of power Transformer installed at Sanghar Road Grid Station Nawabshah
CHAPTER NO.03 FUSES AND CIRCUIT BREAKER
3.1 Fuse
3.2 Introduction to Fuses
3.3 Types of Fuses
3.4 circuit Breaker
3.4.1 Introduction to circuit Breaker
3.5 Operating principle
3.5 Arc phenomenon
3.6 Methods of Arc extinction
3.7 Classification of circuit Breaker
3.7.1 Oil circuit Breaker
3.7.2 Air circuit Breaker
3.7.3 SF6 Circuit Breaker
3.7.4 Vacuum circuit Breaker

3.7 Safety Precaution
3.8 Capacitor Bank
CHAPTER NO.04 CONTOL ROOM
4.1 Control Room Layout
4.2 control panel construction
4.3 Control Panel Instalation
4.4.1 Large Installation
4.4.2 Medium Size Installation
4.4 Control Panel Types
4.4.1 Panel with mimic Diagram
4.4.2 Relay Panel
4.4.3 Instrumental panel
4.5 Control Panel (cp 50)
4.6 Control panel (cp 20)
4.7 A.C/DC Auxiliary Panel
4.8 RP3 (RELAY PANEL-3)
4.9 RP4 (RELAY PANEL-4)
4.10 Control Cables
4.11 Single Phase Multi core control cables
4.12 Incoming panel and Outgoing panels
4.13 Protective Relays
4.14 Fundamental Requirement of Relays
4.15 Functional Relay Types
4.15.1 Directional over current Relay
4.15.2 Differential Relay

4.15.3 Distance/ Impedance Relay
4.15.4 Temperature Relay
4.15.5 Fault Pressure Relay
4.15.6 under Frequency Relay
4.15.7 Buchloz Relay
4.16 Measuring Instuments
4.17 Moving coil Instruments
4.17.1 Ammeters ( P M C I)
4.17.2 Volt-meter
4.18 Dynamometer Types of moving coil Instruments
4.18.1 Watt-r meter
4.18.2 Watt-Hour meter
4.19 Power factor meter
4.20 Reactive volt-ampere meter
4.21 Frequency meter
4.22 Thyristor controlled automatic Battery charge
4.23 Working principle of thyristor controlled Battery charge
4.23.1 Input cricuit
4.23.2 Main Transformer
4.23.3 Rectifier circuit
4.23.4 Flitter circuit
4.23.5 Control circuit
4.24 Handling of Batteries before use
4.24.1 Storage
4.24.2 Installation and Connection

4.24.3 Electrolyte pouring
4.25 Operating Details of Batteries
4.25.1 Initial Charge
4.25.2 Floating Charge
4.25.3 Equalizing Charge
4.25.4 Discharge
4.25.5 Electrolyte
4.25.6 Maintenance
CHAPTER NO.05 SWITCH GEAR

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Switch Gear Importance
5.3 Switch Gear Equipment
5.3.1 CKt Breaker
5.3.2 Relays
5.3.3 Isolators
5.3.4 Current Transformer and Potential Transformer
5.4 Lighning Arrestors
5.5 Main Busbars
5.6 Technical Data of 132 kv Nawabshah Sanghar Road G/s 132kv bus bar
5.7 Bus-BAR Arrangement

5.7.1 Single Bus- Bar system
5.7.2 Single Bus-Bar System with sectionalization
4.7.3 Duplicate Bus-Bar System
5.8 Isolators (General)

5.9Construction of 132kv line Isolator/Bus Isolator Installed
at 132 kv Nawabshah Sanghar Road Grid Station
5.9.1 Disconnectors
5.9.2 The Earthing Switches
5.9.3 Mechanical Interlocking between the disconnector and Earthing Switch
5.9.4 Operating mechanism
5.10 Operating principle of 132kv line Isolators/Bus Isolator
Installed at 132kv Nawabshah Sanghar Road Grid Station
4.10.1 The Disconnectors
4.10.2 The Earthing Switches
4.10.3 The manual operating mechanism type cs 17-G
4.11 technical data of line Isolator/Bus Isolator installed at 132kv Nawabshah Sanghar Road G/S
CHAPTER NO.6 PROTECTION AGAINST LIGHTNING
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Lightning
6.2.1 Lightning Stroke
6.2.2 Direct Stroke
6.2.3 Indirect Stroke
6.3 Harmful effect of lightning
6.4 Protection against lighning
6.5 Earthing against lighning
6.6 Earthing Screen
6.6 Over Grounding Wires
6.7 Lightning arrester
6.8 Types of lightning arrester
6.9 Expulsion type lightning arrester
6.10 Valve type arrester fo(missing)
6.11 Installation of Lighning arrestor

CHAPTER NO.07 EARTHING OF GRID STATION
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Earthing of Grid Station
7.3 Path of Fault current
7.4 Purpose snd Importance
7.5 Requirement of Earthing
7.6 Methods of neutral Grounding
7.7 Solid Earthing
7.8 Resistance Earthing
7.9 Reactance Earthing
7.10 Arc Suppression Earthing (Paterson coil Earthing)
7.11 Voltage Transformer Earthing
7.12 Grounding by Earthing T.F
7.13 Selection of the type of Earthing
7.14 Advantages of Earthing
7.15 Grounding of Equipment of 132kv switch Yard

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO.1 INTRODUCTION TO GRID STATION Page NO

1.1 Layout of 132 kv grid statition sanghar road Nawabshah

CHAPTER NO.2 TRANFORMER PROTECTION

2.1 Introduction of Transformer

2.2 Construction & working principle of Transformer

2.2.1 Power Transformer

2.3 Introduction to tap changer

2.3.1 Working principle of Tap changer

2.4 Common Transformer Faults

2.5 Power Transformer Protection

2.6 Power System for Transformer

2.6.2 Erath Fault Relay

2.6.3 over Current Relay

2.6.4 Differential System (or circulating current system)

2.7 Bucholz Relay

2.7.2 Operating Principle

2.7.3 Advantages and Disadvantages

2.8 Earth Fault Leakage Protection

2.9 Combined leakage and over load protection

CHAPTER NO.03 FUSES AND CIRCUIT BREAKER

3.2 Introduction to Fuses

3.3 Types of Fuses

3.4 circuit Breaker

3.4.1 Introduction to circuit Breaker

3.5 Operating principle

3.5 Arc phenomenon

3.6 Methods of Arc extinction

3.7 Classification of circuit Breaker

3.7.1 Oil circuit Breaker

3.7.2 Air circuit Breaker

3.7.3 SF6 Circuit Breaker

3.7.4 Vacuum circuit Breaker

3.8 Capacitor Bank

CHAPTER NO.04 CONTOL ROOM

4.1 Control Room Layout

4.2 control panel construction

4.3 Control Panel Instalation

4.4.1 Large Installation

4.4.2 Medium Size Installation

4.4 Control Panel Types

4.4.1 Panel with mimic Diagram

4.4.2 Relay Panel

4.4.3 Instrumental panel

4.5 Control Panel (cp 50)

4.6 Control panel (cp 20)

4.7 A.C/DC Auxiliary Panel

4.8 RP3 (RELAY PANEL-3)

4.9 RP4 (RELAY PANEL-4)

4.10 Control Cables

4.11 Single Phase Multi core control cables

4.12 Incoming panel and Outgoing panels

4.13 Protective Relays

4.14 Fundamental Requirement of Relays

4.15 Functional Relay Types

4.15.1 Directional over current Relay

4.15.2 Differential Relay

4.15.4 Temperature Relay

4.15.5 Fault Pressure Relay

4.15.6 under Frequency Relay