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    Types of Bird Migration-II

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    Rekha gupta
    This document categorizes and describes different types of bird migration: 1) Longitudinal migration is east-west movement, like starlings in Europe and Asia. 2) Latitudinal migration is north-south, to escape harsh winters or find nesting grounds, like Arctic terns traveling 22,500 km. 3) Partial migration occurs when some, but not all, members of a species migrate, like blue jays in Canada and the US.

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    Types of Bird Migration-II

    Uploaded by

    Rekha gupta
    26 views6 pages
    This document categorizes and describes different types of bird migration: 1) Longitudinal migration is east-west movement, like starlings in Europe and Asia. 2) Latitudinal migration is north-south, to escape harsh winters or find nesting grounds, like Arctic terns traveling 22,500 km. 3) Partial migration occurs when some, but not all, members of a species migrate, like blue jays in Canada and the US.

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    This document categorizes and describes different types of bird migration: 1) Longitudinal migration is east-west movement, like starlings in Europe and Asia. 2) Latitudinal migration is north-south, to escape harsh winters or find nesting grounds, like Arctic terns traveling 22,500 km. 3) Partial migration occurs when some, but not all, members of a species migrate, like blue jays in Canada and the US.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views6 pages

    Types of Bird Migration-II

    Uploaded by

    Rekha gupta
    This document categorizes and describes different types of bird migration: 1) Longitudinal migration is east-west movement, like starlings in Europe and Asia. 2) Latitudinal migration is north-south, to escape harsh winters or find nesting grounds, like Arctic terns traveling 22,500 km. 3) Partial migration occurs when some, but not all, members of a species migrate, like blue jays in Canada and the US.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    II- Types of Bird Migration

    The Migratory Behaviour in birds has been broadly categorised into


    following types:

    (i) Longitudinal,
    (ii) Latitudinal,
    (iii) Altitudinal or Vertical,
    (iv) Partial,
    (v) Total,
    (vi) Irregular or Vagrant
    (vii) Seasonal,
    (viii) Diurnal and
    (ix) Nocturnal.

    (i) Longitudinal migration:

    The longitudinal migration means that the bird species occurs moves/migrates
    from east to west and vice- versa. A species of birds called Starlings (Sturnus
    vulgaris), which is naturally found in east Europe and west Asia migrate
    towards the Atlantic coast.
    Starlings Migration.

    (ii) Latitudinal migration:

    The latitudinal migration of birds is the movement of birds from north to south,
    and back south to north. Most birds live in the land masses of the northern
    temperate and subarctic zones where they get facilities for nesting and feeding
    during summer. They move towards south during winter. The American Golden
    Plover bird migrates from America to Argentina to escape from harsh winters of
    America. Another example is that of the Siberian Birds which move to the
    Himalayas. The Indian Koel /Cuckoo breeds in India and spends the summer at
    South-east Africa and thus covers a distance of about 7250 km. Sterna
    paradisaea (Arctic tern) breeds in the northern temperate region and migrates to
    the Antarctic zone along the Atlantic and many a times also travels a huge
    distance of 22 500 km during migration.
    The Arctic Tern

    Many Sea birds also migrate considerably to certain distances. Puffinus bird
    (Great shearwater) breeds on small islands and migrates as far as Greenland in
    May and returns after few months and cover a distance of nearly 1300 km

    Penguins also migrate by swimming and can migrate hundreds of miles in


    search of fishes.

    (iv) Partial migration:


    Not all but many members of birds of a particular Family do take part in
    migration. Birds like Blue Jays of Canada and northern part of United States
    travel southwards to and mix with the already resident populations of the
    Southern States of U.S.A.

    The Blue Jay of Canada

    (v) Total migration:


    When all the members of a species take part in the migration, it is called total
    migration. The Arctic Tern population shows such a kind of migration.

    (vi) Vagrant or irregular migration:


    When some of the birds disperse to a short or long distance for safety and food,
    it is called vagrant or irregular migration. Herons may be the example of
    vagrant or irregular migration. Other examples are black stork (Ciconia nigra),
    Glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus), spotted eagle (Aquila clanga), and bee eater
    (Merops apiaster).
    The Bee Eater

    (vii) Daily migration:


    Some birds make daily journey from their nests by the influence of
    environmental factors such as temperature, light, and humidity also. Examples
    are crows, herons and starlings.

    (viii) Seasonal migration:


    Some birds migrates at different seasons of the year for food or breeding, called
    seasonal migration, e.g., cuckoos, swifts, swallows etc. They migrate from the
    south to the north during summer. These birds are called summer visitors. Again
    there are some birds like snow bunting, red wing, shore lark, grey plover etc.
    which migrate from north to south during winter. They are called winter
    visitors.

    Nocturnal and Diurnal Flight:


    (i) Diurnal migration:
    Many larger birds like crows, robins, swallows, hawks, jays, blue birds,
    pelicans, cranes, geese, etc. migrate during daytime for food.

    (ii) Nocturnal birds:


    Some small-sized birds of passerine groups like sparrows, warblers, etc. migrate
    in darkness, called nocturnal birds. The darkness of the night gives them
    protection from their enemies.

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