3.

2 Measurements of Solids

3.2.1 Prism
Parts of a Prism

The non-base faces are lateral faces.

The edges between the lateral faces are lateral edges.

Classification

A right prism is a prism where all the lateral faces are perpendicular to the bases.
An Oblique Prism is a prism that leans to one side and the height is outside the prism.

3.2.1.1 Total Surface Area of a Prism

A total surface area (TSA) is the sum of the areas of the bases and the areas of each rectangular
lateral face.

A lateral surface area (LSA) is the sum of the areas of the rectangular lateral faces.

⏟ ⏟
( ) ( )

( )
3.2.1.2 Volume of Any Regular Prism

⏟ ⏟
( ) ( )

“B” is not always going to be the same. So, to find the volume of a prism, you would first find
the area of the base and then multiply it by the height. Recall, the area of the regular polygon is
any of the following:
(a) (b)
( )

Example 1: Find the total surface area and the volume of the prism below.

Solution: Draw the net of the prism.

i) ii)
i) ( ) ii) ( )
i) ii)

iii) iv)
iii) ( ) iv) ( )
iii) iv)

Example 2: Find the total surface area and the volume of the prism below.

Solution: This is a right triangular prism. To find the surface area, we need to find the length of
the hypotenuse of the base because it is the width of one of the lateral faces.

i)
 ii) iii)
ii) iii) ( )
ii) iii)

iv) v)
iv) ( ) v) ( )
iv) v)

Example 3: Algebra Connection. The total surface area of the triangular prism is .
What is ?

Solution: i) The hypotenuse of the triangle bases:

√

ii) The total surface area:

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

Therefore, the height is 16 units.

3.2.2 Cylinders

A cylinder is a solid with congruent circular bases that are in parallel planes.
The space between the circles is enclosed.

Parts and classification of a Prism

A cylinder has a radius and a height.

A cylinder can also be oblique, like the one on the far right.
3.2.2.1 Total Surface Area of a Cylinder

⏟ ⏟
( ) ( )

⏟ ⏟
( ) ( )

3.2.1.2 Volume of a Cylinder

⏟ ⏟
( ) ( )

Example 4: Find the total surface area and the volume of the cylinder.

Solution:

i) ii)
i) ( ) ii) ( )( )
i) ii)

iii) iv)
iii) ( ) iv) ( )( )
iii) iv)

Example 5: The circumference of the base of a cylinder is and the height is 21. Find the total
surface area and volume of the cylinder.

Solution:
solve for the radius:
solve for the radius:

i) ii) iii) iv)

i) ( ) ii) ( )( ) iii) ( ) iv) ( )( )
i) ii) iii) iv)
3.2.3 Pyramid

A pyramid is a solid with one base and the lateral faces meet at a common vertex.

Parts of a Pyramid

The edges between the lateral faces are lateral edges.

The edges between the base and the lateral faces are base edges.

A regular pyramid is a pyramid where the base is a regular polygon.

All regular pyramids also have a slant height which is the height of a lateral face.
A non-regular pyramid does not have a slant height.

Illustration: Find the slant height of the square pyramid.

Solution: The slant height is the hypotenuse of the right triangle

formed by the height and half the base length. Use the
Pythagorean Theorem.

√ √

3.2.3.1 Total Surface Area of a Pyramid

⏟ (⏟)

( ) ( ) ( )

of the lateral face

3.2.3.2 Volume of a Pyramid

where

Example 6: Find the total surface area and volume of the pyramid.

Solution: √

i) ii)
( )
( )
i) ii) ( )( √ )
( )

i) ii) √

iii) iv)
iii) ( √ ) iv) ( )( )
iii) √ iv)

3.2.4 Cone

A cone is a solid with a circular base and sides taper up towards a vertex.

Parts of a Pyramid

A cone has a slant height, just like a pyramid.

A cone is generated from rotating a right triangle, around one leg, in a circle.
3.2.4.1 Total Surface Area of a Cone

⏟ (⏟)
( ) ( )

where

3.2.4.2 Volume of a Cone

where

Example 7: What is the total surface area and volume of the cone?

Solution:

Solve for l:
Solve for l:
Solve for l: √

i) ii)
i) ( ) ii) ( )(√ )
I ) ii) √

iii) iv)
iii) √ iv) ( )( )
iii) iv)
3.2.5 Sphere

A sphere is the set of all points, in three-dimensional space,

which are equidistant from a point.

( Think of a sphere as a three-dimensional circle. )

Parts of a Sphere

The radius has an endpoint on the sphere and the other endpoint is the center.

The diameter must contain the center.

A great circle is a cross section of a sphere that contains the diameter.

It is the largest circle cross section in a sphere.

“The circumference of a sphere is the circumference of a great circle.”

Every great circle divides a sphere into two congruent hemispheres.

Illustration: The circumference of a sphere is . What is the radius of the sphere?

Since the circumference is referring to the circumference of a great circle.

Use .

3.2.5.1 Total Surface Area of a Sphere

where

3.2.5.2 Volume of a Sphere

where
Example 8: Find the total surface area and volume of a sphere with a radius of 14 feet.

Solution:

i) ii)
i) ( ) ii) ( )
i) ii)

Example 9: Find the total surface area of the figure below.

Be careful when finding the surface area of a hemisphere because

you need to include the area of the base.

Solution:
Solution: ( )
Solution: ( ) [ ( ) ]
Solution:

Example 10: A sphere has a volume of , what is the radius?

Solution:
Solution: ( )
Solution:
Solution:

Example 11: Find the total surface area and volume of the following solid.

Solution: This solid is a cylinder with a hemisphere on top. It is one solid,

so do not include the bottom of the hemisphere or the top of the cylinder.

i) ii) iii) ( )
i) ( ) ii) ( )( ) Iii) [ ( ) ]
i) ii) iii)
iv) v)
iv) v) [ ( )] * ( )+
iv) v)
iv) v)

3.2.6 Similar Figures

Two solids are said to be similar if they have the same number of faces that are similarly
placed, and whose corresponding linear dimension (such as length, height, radius, etc.) are
proportional.

3.2.6.1 Properties of Similar Solids

1. Two solids are similar if they are the same type of solid and their corresponding radii,
heights, base lengths, widths, etc. are proportional.

2. If two shapes are similar, then the ratio of the area is a square of the scale factor.

( ) ( )

3. If two solids are similar, then the ratio of the volumes is equal to the cube of the ratio of any
two corresponding dimensions.

( ) ( )
Example : Are the two rectangular prisms similar? How do you know?

Solution:

Property 1.

Match up the corresponding heights, widths, and lengths.

The congruent ratios tell us the two prisms are similar.

Property 2.

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

Now, find the ratio of the areas. . The sides are in a ratio of , so the surface
areas are in a ratio of .

Property 3.

The ratio is , which reduces to .