ADAMSON UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering
Electronics and Communications Department

Experiment No. 8
Radio Waves and
Electromagnetic Fields

MONDAY
(07:00 – 10:00)

4 SCHEDULE

Transmission Media and Antenna System Lab

Group No. SUBJECT Grade

ATTENDANC
E NAME CONTRIBUTION REMARKS
PASCUAL, Joshua Philip Conclusion

RADA, Bernanette Analysis

ROSAL, Cherry Gin Theoretical Background

SEITON, John Seiton Simulation & Solving

TOLIAO, Kim Tristan Guide Questions

ZARI, Irvin Johnson Simulation & Solving

D.O.P. 04 – 25 – 2022 D.O.S. 05 – 02 – 2022

Bernadeth B. Zari, PECE

Instructor
EXPERIMENT 8: RADIO WAVES AND ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS

I. OBJECTIVES
To analyse the parameters of radio transmission and reception especially field intensity
and magnetic field.

II. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

A radio wave is the fundamental building component of radio communications. A
radio wave is a pattern of ups and downs, like ripples in a pond. A cycle is the term used
to describe the pattern of a wave before it repeats. When a wave completes one cycle, its
wavelength is the distance it travels to do so.

Frequency is the number of times a wave repeats in a second. Hertz (Hz) is a unit
of frequency that refers to the number of cycles that take place in a second. Kilohertz
(kHz), megahertz (MHz), and gigahertz (GHz) are all terms used to describe the
frequency range between one million hertz and one billion hertz (GHz). From 3 kilobits
to 300 gigahertz, the radio spectrum is defined.

A transmitter generates a radio wave, which is subsequently picked up by a

receiver. In order to receive energy from outer space and to transfer it back to earth, radio
transmitters and receivers both use antennas. Typically, transmitters and receivers are
intended to work in a specific frequency range.

An electromagnetic field is a combination of electric and magnetic fields of force

that are invisible to the naked eye. In addition to natural phenomena such as the Earth's
magnetic field, they are produced by human activity, particularly the usage of electricity,
which generates a large amount of them. Electricity lines, power lines with surge
protectors, and computer displays are all examples of equipment that produces
electromagnetic fields. The majority of man-made electromagnetic fields reverse their
direction at regular intervals of time, ranging from high radio frequencies to intermediate
frequencies to extremely low frequencies.

III. PROCEDURES
1.) Search and design for applications of radio waves and electromagnetic fields that
involves observation of the characteristics of its field intensity and magnetic field.
2.) Construct the application on LabView and follow the all formulas.
3.) Follow the given input data according to the table on data and results.
4.) Tabulate all output and observe its characteristics.

IV. MATERIALS
Below are the materials used for the students to conduct the experiment:
 Blank

V. SYSTEM FLOWCHART
 Fig.1: System Flowchart for Field Intensity Calculation using LabView

VI. BLOCK DIAGRAM

Here it indicates the block diagram used for conducting the experiment:

Fig.2: Block Diagram for Field Intensity Calculation using LabView

VII. DATA AND RESULTS

Table 1: Calculation of Electric Field w/ Varying Distance between Conductors &
Constant Permittivity (2.1)
Distance Measured Computed
Charge between
between Electric Field Electric %Difference
Conductors (C)
Conductors (m) (V/m) Field (V/m)
100 m 7.58 µV/m 7.58 µV/m 0.00%
200 m 1.90 µV/m 1.89 µV/m 0.53%
400 m 0.47 µV/m 0.47 µV/m 0.00%
2C
600 m 0.21 µV/m 0.21 µV/m 0.00%
800 m 0.11 µV/m 0.12 µV/m 8.70%
1000 m 75.79 nV/m 75.79 nV/m 0.00%

SOLUTIONS:
q
E= 2
4 πƐ d
Ɛ = 2.1

For d = 100m
2C For d = 200m
E= 2 = 7.58 µV/m
4 π (2.1)(100 m)
 2C
E= 2 = 1.89 µV/m
4 π (2.1)(200 m) For d = 800m
2C
E= 2 = 0.12 µV/m
For d = 400m 4 π (2.1)(600 m)
2C
E= 2 = 0.47 µV/m
4 π (2.1)(400 m) For d = 1000m
2C
E= 2 = 75.79 nV/m
4 π (2.1)(1000 m)
For d = 600m
2C
E= 2 = 0.21 µV/m
4 π (2.1)(600 m)
¿ Measured Value−Computed Value∨ ¿ ¿
%Difference = Measured Value+Computed Value
2
x 100%
For d = 100m For d = 600m
%Diff.= %Diff. =
¿ 7.58 µV /m−7.58 µV /m∨ ¿ ¿¿0.21 µV /m−0.21 µV /m∨ ¿ ¿
7.58 µV /m+7.58 µV /m 0.21 µV /m+ 0.21 µV /m
2 2
x100% = 0% x100% = 0%

For d = 200m For d = 800m

%Diff.= %Diff.=
¿ 1.90 µV /m−1.89 µV /m∨ ¿ ¿¿0.11 µV /m−0.12 µV /m∨ ¿ ¿
1.90 µV /m+ 1.89 µV /m 0.11µV /m+ 0.12 µV /m
2 2
x100% = 0.53% x100% = 8.7%

For d = 400m For d = 1000m

%Diff.= %Diff. =
¿ 0.47 µV /m−0.47 µV /m∨ ¿ ¿ ¿
0.47 µV /m+0.47 µV /m¿ 75.79 nV /m−75.79 nV /m∨ 75.79 nV /m+75.79 nV /m
¿
2 2
x100% = 0% x100% = 0%

Fig.3: Measured Electric Field (E) w/ q = 2C & d = 100m

Fig.4: Measured Electric Field (E) w/ q = 2C & d = 200m

Fig.5: Measured Electric Field (E) w/ q = 2C & d = 400m

Fig.6: Measured Electric Field (E) w/ q = 2C & d = 600m

Fig.7: Measured Electric Field (E) w/ q = 2C & d = 800m

 Fig.8: Measured Electric Field (E) w/ q = 2C & d = 1000m

Table 2: Calculation of Electric Field w/ Varying Charge between Conductors&

Constant Permittivity (2.1)
Computed
Distance Measured
Charge between Electric
between Electric Field %Difference
Conductors (C) Field
Conductors (m) (V/m)
(V/m)
1C 0.24 µV/m 0.26 µV/m 8.00%
2C 0.47 µV/m 0.47 µV/m 0.00%
4C 0.95 µV/m 0.95 µV/m 0.00%
400 m
6C 1.42 µV/m 1.42 µV/m 0.00%
8C 1.90 µV/m 1.89 µV/m 0.53%
10 C 2.37 µV/m 2.37 µV/m 0.00%

SOLUTIONS:
q
E= 2
4 πƐ d
Ɛ = 2.1

For q = 1C For q = 6C
1C 6C
E= 2 = 0.26 µV/m
E= 2 = 1.42 µV/m
4 π (2.1)(400 m) 4 π (2.1)(400 m)

For q = 2C For q = 8C
2C 8C
E= 2 = 0.47 µV/m
E= 2 = 1.89 µV/m
4 π (2.1)(400 m) 4 π (2.1)(400 m)

For q = 4C For q = 10C

4C 10 C
E= 2 = 0.95 µV/m
E= 2 = 2.37 µV/m
4 π (2.1)(400 m) 4 π (2.1)(400 m)

¿ Measured Value−Computed Value∨ ¿ ¿

%Difference = Measured Value+Computed Value
2
x 100%
For q = 1C
%Diff.= For q = 6C
¿ 0.24 µV /m−0.26 µV /m∨ ¿ ¿ %Diff. =
0.24 µV /m+0.26 µV /m¿ 1.42 µV /m−1.42 µV /m∨ ¿ ¿
2 1.42 µV /m+1.42 µV /m
x 100% = 8% 2
x 100% = 0%
For q = 2C
%Diff.= For q = 8C
¿ 0.47 µV /m−0.47 µV /m∨ ¿ %Diff.=
¿
0.47 µV /m+0.47 µV /m ¿
¿ 1.90 µV /m−1.89 µV /m∨ ¿
2 1.90 µV /m+ 1.89 µV /m
x 100% = 0% 2
x 100% = 0.53%
For q = 4C
%Diff.= For q = 10C
¿ 0.95 µV /m−0.95 µV /m∨ ¿ ¿ %Diff. =
0.95 µV /m+0.95 µV /m¿ 2.37 µV /m−2.37 µV /m∨ ¿ ¿
2 2.37 µV /m+2.37 µV /m
x 100% = 0% 2
x 100% = 0%

Fig.9: Measured Electric Field (E) w/ q = 1C & d = 400m

Fig.10: Measured Electric Field (E) w/ q = 2C & d = 400m

Fig.11: Measured Electric Field (E) w/ q = 4C & d = 400m

Fig.12: Measured Electric Field (E) w/ q = 6C & d = 400m

Fig.13: Measured Electric Field (E) w/ q = 8C & d = 400m

Fig.14: Measured Electric Field (E) w/ q = 10C & d = 400m

 Table 3: Calculation of Magnetic Field w/ Varying Distance from Wire
Calculated
Measured
Distance from Magnetic
Current (A) Magnetic Field %Difference
Wire (m) Field
(At/m)
(At/m)
100 m 9.55 mAt/m 9.55 mAt/m 0.00%
200 m 4.78 mAt/m 4.77 mAt/m 0.21%
400 m 2.39 mAt/m 2.39 mAt/m 0.00%
6A
600 m 1.59 mAt/m 1.59 mAt/m 0.00%
800 m 1.19 mAt/m 1.19 mAt/m 0.00%
1000 m 0.95 mAt/m 0.95 mAt/m 0.00%
SOLUTIONS:
I
H=
2 πd
For d = 100m For d = 600m
6A 6A
H= = 9.55 mAt/m H= = 1.59 mAt/m
2 π (100 m) 2 π (600 m)

For d = 200m For d = 800m

6A 6A
H= = 4.77 mAt/m H= = 1.19 mAt/m
2 π (200 m) 2 π (800 m)

For d = 400m For d = 1000m

6A 6A
H= = 2.39 mAt/m H= = 0.95 mAt/m
2 π (400 m) 2 π (1000 m)

¿ Measured Value−Computed Value∨ ¿ ¿

%Difference = Measured Value+Computed Value
2
x 100%
For d = 100m %Diff.=
%Diff.= ¿ 2.39 mAt /m−2.39 mAt /m∨ ¿ ¿
¿ 9.55 mAt /m−9.55 mAt /m∨ ¿ ¿ 2.39mAt /m+2.39 mAt /m
9.55 mAt /m+9.55 mAt /m 2
2 x100% = 0%
x100% = 0%
For d = 600m
For d = 200m %Diff. =
%Diff.= ¿ 1.59 mAt /m−1.59 mAt /m∨ ¿ ¿
¿ 4.78 mAt /m−4.77 mAt /m∨ ¿ ¿ 1.59 mAt /m+1.59 mAt /m
4.78 mAt /m+4.77 mAt /m 2
2 x100% = 0%
x100%=0.21%
For d = 800m
For d = 400m
%Diff.= For d = 1000m
¿ 1.19 mAt /m−1.19 mAt /m∨ ¿ %Diff.
¿ =
1.19 mAt /m+1.19 mAt /m
¿ 0.95 mAt /m−0.95 mAt /m∨ ¿ ¿
2 0.95 mAt /m+0.95 mAt /m
x100% = 0% 2
x100% = 0%

Fig.15: Measured Magnetic Field (H) w/ I = 6A & d = 100m

Fig.16: Measured Magnetic Field (H) w/ I = 6A & d = 200m

Fig.17: Measured Magnetic Field (H) w/ I = 6A & d = 400m

Fig.18: Measured Magnetic Field (H) w/ I = 6A & d = 600m

Fig.19: Measured Magnetic Field (H) w/ I = 6A & d = 800m

 Fig.20: Measured Magnetic Field (H) w/ I = 6A & d = 1000m

Table 4: Calculation of Magnetic Field w/ Varying Current

Calculated
Measured
Distance from Magnetic
Current (A) Magnetic Field %Difference
Wire (m) Field
(At/m)
(At/m)
1A 0.80 mAt/m 0.80 mAt/m 0.00%
6A 4.78 mAt/m 4.77 mAt/m 0.21%
12 A 9.55 mAt/m 9.55 mAt/m 0.00%
200 m
18 A 0.014 At/m 0.014 At/m 0.00%
24 A 0.019 At/m 0.019 At/m 0.00%
30 A 0.024 At/m 0.024 At/m 0.00%

SOLUTIONS:
I
H=
2 πd
For I = 1A For I = 18A
1A 18 A
H= = 0.80 mAt/m H= = 0.014 At/m
2 π (200 m) 2 π (200 m)

For I = 6A For I = 24A

6A 24 A
H= = 4.77 mAt/m H= = 0.019 At/m
2 π (200 m) 2 π (200 m)

For I = 12A For I = 30A

12 A 30 A
H= = 9.55 mAt/m H= = 0.024 At/m
2 π (200 m) 2 π (200 m)
 ¿ Measured Value−Computed Value∨ ¿ ¿
%Difference = Measured Value+Computed Value
2
x 100%
For I = 1A For I = 18A
%Diff.= %Diff. =
¿ 0.80 mAt /m−0.80 mAt /m∨ ¿ ¿ 0.014
¿ At /m−0.014 At /m∨ ¿ ¿
0.80 mAt /m+0.80 mAt /m 0.014 At /m+ 0.014 At /m
2 2
x100% = 0% x100% = 0%

For I = 6A For I = 24A

%Diff.= %Diff.=
¿ 4.78 mAt /m−4.77 mAt /m∨ ¿ ¿ 0.019
¿ At /m−0.019 At /m∨ ¿ ¿
4.78 mAt /m+4.77 mAt /m 0.019 At /m+ 0.019 At /m
2 2
x100%=0.21% x100% = 0%

For I = 12A For I = 30A

%Diff.= %Diff. =
¿ 9.55 mAt /m−9.55 mAt /m∨ ¿ ¿ At /m−0.024 At /m∨
¿ 0.024 ¿ ¿
9.55 mAt /m+9.55 mAt /m 0.024 At /m+ 0.024 At /m
2 2
x100% = 0% x100% = 0%

Fig.21: Measured Magnetic Field (H) w/ I = 1A & d = 200m

Fig.22: Measured Magnetic Field (H) w/ I = 6A & d = 200m

Fig.23: Measured Magnetic Field (H) w/ I = 12A & d = 200m

Fig.24: Measured Magnetic Field (H) w/ I = 18A & d = 200m

 Fig.25: Measured Magnetic Field (H) w/ I = 24A & d = 200m

Fig.26: Measured Magnetic Field (H) w/ I = 30A & d = 200m

Table 5: Calculation for Electric Field w/ Varying Power Density

Power Density Measured Electric Computed Electric
2 %Difference
(µW/m ) Field (V/m) Field (V/m)
1 µW/m2 0.019 V/m 0.019 V/m 0.00%
2
2 µW/m 0.027 V/m 0.027 V/m 0.00%
4 µW/m2 0.039 V/m 0.039 V/m 0.00%
2
6 µW/m 0.047 V/m 0.048 V/m 2.11%
8 µW/m2 0.055 V/m 0.055 V/m 0.00%
2
10 µW/m 0.061 V/m 0.061 V/m 0.00%

SOLUTIONS:
E = √ 377(P)
For P = 1 µW/m2
E = √ 377(1 µW /m2) = 0.019 V/m For P = 2 µW/m2
 E = √ 377(2 µW /m2) = 0.027 V/m
For P = 8 µW/m2
For P = 4 µW/m2 E = √ 377(8 µW /m2 ) = 0.055 V/m
E = √ 377(4 µW /m2) = 0.039 V/m
For P = 10 µW/m2
For P = 6 µW/m2 E = √ 377(10 µW /m2 ) = 0.061 V/m
E = √ 377(6 µW /m2 ) = 0.048 V/m

¿ Measured Value−Computed Value∨ ¿ ¿

%Difference = Measured Value+Computed Value
2
x 100%
2
For P = 1 µW/m
%Diff.= For P = 6 µW/m2
¿ 0.019 V /m−0.019 V /m∨ ¿ %Diff.
¿ =
0.019 V /m+ 0.019 V /m ¿ 0.047 V /m−0.048V /m∨ ¿ ¿
2 00.047 V /m+0.048 V /m
x 100% = 0% 2
x100% = 2.11%
For P = 2 µW/m2
%Diff.= For P = 8 µW/m2
¿ 0.027 V /m−0.027 V /m∨ ¿ %Diff.=
¿
0.027 V /m+0.027 V /m ¿ 0.055 V /m−0.055 V /m∨ ¿ ¿
2 0.055 V /m+0.055 V /m
x 100% = 0% 2
x 100% = 0%
For P = 4 µW/m2
%Diff.= For P = 10 µW/m2
¿ 0.039 V /m−0.039 V /m∨ ¿ %Diff.
¿ =
0.039 V /m+ 0.039 V /m ¿ 0.061 V /m−0.061 V /m∨ ¿ ¿
2 0.061V /m+0.061 V /m
x 100% = 0% 2
x 100% = 0%

Fig.27: Measured Electric Field (E) w/ Power Density = 1 µW/m2

Fig.28: Measured Electric Field (E) w/ Power Density = 2 µW/m2

Fig.29: Measured Electric Field (E) w/ Power Density = 4 µW/m2

Fig.30: Measured Electric Field (E) w/ Power Density = 6 µW/m2

 Fig.31: Measured Electric Field (E) w/ Power Density = 8 µW/m2

Fig.32: Measured Electric Field (E) w/ Power Density = 10 µW/m2

Table 6: Calculation for Magnetic Field w/ Varying Electric Field

Electric Field Measured Magnetic Computed Magnetic
Field (At/m) %Difference
(V/m) Field (At/m)
1 V/m 2.65 mAt/m 2.65 mAt/m 0.00%
2 V/m 5.30 mAt/m 5.31 mAt/m 0.19%
4 V/m 0.011 mAt/m 0.011 At/m 0.00%
6 V/m 0.015 mAt/m 0.016 At/m 6.45%
8 V/m 0.021 mAt/m 0.021 At/m 0.00%
10 V/m 0.027 mAt/m 0.027 At/m 0.00%

SOLUTIONS:
 E
H=
377
For E = 1 V/m For E = 6 V/m
1V /m 6 V /m
H= = 2.65 mAt/m H= = 0.016 At/m
377 377

For E = 2 V/m For E = 8 V/m

2V /m 8 V /m
H= = 5.31 mAt/m H= = 0.021 At/m
377 377

For E = 4 V/m For E = 10 V/m

4 V /m 10V /m
H= = 0.011 At/m H= = 0.027 At/m
377 377

¿ Measured Value−Computed Value∨ ¿ ¿

%Difference = Measured Value+Computed Value
2
x 100%
For E = 1 V/m For E = 6 V/m
%Diff.= %Diff.=
¿ 2.65 mAt /m−2.65 mAt /m∨ ¿ ¿ 0.015¿mAt /m−0.01 6 mAt /m∨ ¿ ¿
2.65 mAt /m+2.65 mAt /m 0.015 mAt /m+ 0.016 mAt /m
2 2
x100% = 0% x100%=6.45%

For E = 2 V/m For E = 8 V/m

%Diff.= %Diff.=
¿ 5.30 mAt /m−5.3 1 mAt /m∨ ¿ ¿ 0.021¿mAt /m−0.021 mAt /m∨ ¿ ¿
5.30 mAt /m+5.3 1mAt /m 0.021mAt /m+0.021 mAt /m
2 2
x100%=0.19% x100%=0%

For E = 4 V/m For E = 10 V/m

%Diff.= %Diff. =
¿ 0.011mAt /m−0.011mAt /m∨ ¿ ¿ 0.027 mAt
¿ /m−0.027 mAt /m∨ ¿ ¿
0.011 mAt /m+ 0.011mAt /m 0.027 mAt /m+0.027 mAt /m
2 2
x100%=0% x100%=0%
Fig.33: Measured Magnetic Field (H) w/ Electric Field = 1V/m

Fig.34: Measured Magnetic Field (H) w/ Electric Field = 2V/m

Fig.35: Measured Magnetic Field (H) w/ Electric Field = 4V/m

Fig.36: Measured Magnetic Field (H) w/ Electric Field = 6V/m

Fig.37: Measured Magnetic Field (H) w/ Electric Field = 8V/m

Fig.38: Measured Magnetic Field (H) w/ Electric Field = 10V/m

 Table 7: Calculation for Electric Field w/ Varying Transmitted Power w/ R = 100m
Transmitted Power Measured Electric Computed Electric
%Difference
(W) Field (V/m) Field (V/m)
10 W 0.17 V/m 0.17 V/m 0.00%
20 W 0.24 V/m 0.24 V/m 0.00%
50 W 0.38 V/m 0.39 V/m 2.60%
70 W 0.45 V/m 0.46 V/m 2.20%
100 W 0.55 V/m 0.55 V/m 0.00%
120 W 0.6 V/m 0.6 V/m 0.00%

SOLUTIONS:
E=
√30 PT
R
R = 100 m
For PT = 10 W For PT = 70 W
E=
√30(10 W ) = 0.17 V/m E=
√30(70 W ) = 0.46 V/m
100 m 100 m

For PT = 20 W For PT = 100 W

E= √ E= √
30(20 W ) 30(100 W )
= 0.24 V/m = 0.55 V/m
100 m 100 m

For PT = 50 W For PT = 120 W

E=
√30(50 W ) = 0.39 V/m E=
√30(120 W ) = 0.6 V/m
100 m 100 m

¿ Measured Value−Computed Value∨ ¿ ¿

%Difference = Measured Value+Computed Value
2
x 100%
For PT = 10 W For PT = 50 W
%Diff.= %Diff.=
¿ 0.17 V /m−0.17 V /m∨ ¿ ¿ ¿ 0.38 V /m−0.3 9V /m∨ ¿ ¿
0.17 V /m+0.17 V /m 0.38 V /m+0.3 9 V /m
2 2
x100% = 0% x100% = 2.6%

For PT = 20 W For PT = 70 W
%Diff.= %Diff. =
¿ 0.24 V /m−0.24 V /m∨ ¿ ¿ ¿ 0.45 V /m−0.4 6 V /m∨ ¿ ¿
0.24 V /m+0.24 V /m 0.45 V /m+0.4 6 V /m
2 2
x100% = 0.53% x100% = 2.2%
For PT = 100 W
%Diff.= For PT = 120 W
¿ 0.55 V /m−0.55 V /m∨ ¿ ¿ %Diff. =
0.55 V /m+0.55 V /m ¿ 0. 6 V /m−0. 6 V /m∨ ¿ ¿
2 0.6 V /m+0. 6 V /m
x100% = 0% 2
x100% = 0%

Fig.39: Measured Electric Field (E) w/ Transmitted Power = 10W

Fig.40: Measured Electric Field (E) w/ Transmitted Power = 20W

Fig.41: Measured Electric Field (E) w/ Transmitted Power = 50W

 Fig.42: Measured Electric Field (E) w/ Transmitted Power = 70W

Fig.43: Measured Electric Field (E) w/ Transmitted Power = 100W

Fig.44: Measured Electric Field (E) w/ Transmitted Power = 120W

Table 8: Calculation for Electric Field w/ Varying Magnetic Field

Measured Computed
Power Density Magnetic Field
Electric Field Electric Field %Difference
(µW/m2) (At/m)
(V/m) (V/m)
1 At/m 4 µV/m 4 µV/m 0.00%
2 At/m 2 µV/m 2 µV/m 0.00%
4 At/m 1 µV/m 1 µV/m 0.00%
4 µW/m2
6 At/m 0.67 µV/m 0.67 µV/m 0.00%
8 At/m 0.5 µV/m 0.5 µV/m 0.00%
10 At/m 0.4 µV/m 0.4 µV/m 0.00%

Table 9: Calculation for Magnetic Field w/ Varying Electric Field

Power Density Electric Field Measured Computed %Difference
 Magnetic Magnetic
(µW/m2) (V/m)
Field (At/m) Field (At/m)
1 V/m 4 µAt/m 4 µAt/m 0.00%
2 V/m 2 µAt/m 2 µAt/m 0.00%
4 V/m 1 µAt/m 1 µAt/m 0.00%
4 µW/m2
6 V/m 0.67 µAt/m 0.67 µAt/m 0.00%
8 V/m 0.5 µAt/m 0.5 µAt/m 0.00%
10 V/m 0.4 µAt/m 0.4 µAt/m 0.00%

SOLUTIONS:
P P
P = EH ∴ E= & H=
H E
For H = 1 At/m For H = 6 At/m
2 2
4 µW /m = 4 µV/m 4 µW /m = 0.67 µV/m
E= E=
1 At /m 6 At /m

For H = 2 At/m For H = 8 At/m

2 2
4 µW /m = 2 µV/m 4 µW /m = 0.5 µV/m
E= E=
2 At /m 8 At /m

For H = 4 At/m For H = 10 At/m

2 2
4 µW /m = 1 µV/m 4 µW /m = 0.4 µV/m
E= E=
4 At /m 10 At /m

¿ Measured Value−Computed Value∨ ¿ ¿

%Difference = Measured Value+Computed Value
2
x 100%
For H = 1 At/m %Diff.=
%Diff.= ¿ 1 µV /m−1 µV /m∨ ¿ ¿
¿ 4 µV /m−4 µV /m∨ ¿ ¿ 1 µV /m+1 µV /m
4 µV /m+ 4 µV /m 2
2 x100% = 0%
x100% = 0%
For H = 6 At/m
For H = 2 At/m %Diff. =
%Diff.= ¿ 0.67 µV /m−0.67 µV /m∨ ¿ ¿
¿ 2 µV /m−2 µV /m∨ ¿ ¿ 0.67 µV /m+0.67 µV /m
2 µV /m+2 µV /m 2
2 x100% = 0%
x100% = 0%
For H = 8 At/m
For H = 4 At/m
%Diff.= For H = 10 At/m
¿ 0.5 µV /m−0.5 µV /m∨ ¿ ¿ %Diff. =
0.5 µV /m+0.5 µV /m ¿ 0. 4 µV /m−0. 4 µV /m∨ ¿ ¿
2 0. 4 µV /m+ 0. 4 µV /m
x100% = 0% 2
x100% = 0%

For E = 1 V/m For E = 6 V/m

2 2
4 µW /m = 4 µAt/m 4 µW /m = 0.67 µAt/m
H= H=
1V /m 6 V /m

For E = 2 V/m For E = 8 V/m

2 2
4 µW /m = 2 µAt/m 4 µW /m = 0.5 µAt/m
H= H=
2V /m 8V /m

For E = 4 V/m For E = 10 V/m

2 2
4 µW /m = 1 µAt/m 4 µW /m = 0.4 µAt/m
H= H=
4 V /m 10 V /m

¿ Measured Value−Computed Value∨ ¿ ¿

%Difference = Measured Value+Computed Value
2
x 100%
For E = 1 V/m %Diff.=
%Diff.= ¿ 1 µAt /m−1 µAt /m∨ ¿ ¿
¿ 4 µAt /m−4 µAt /m∨ ¿ ¿ 1 µAt /m+1 µAt /m
4 µAt /m+4 µAt /m 2
2 x100% = 0%
x100% = 0%
For E = 6 V/m
For E = 2 V/m %Diff. =
%Diff.= ¿ 0.67 µAt/m−0.67 µAt /m∨ ¿ ¿
¿ 2 µAt /m−2 µAt /m∨ ¿ ¿ 0.67 µAt /m+ 0.67 µAt /m
2 µAt/m+2 µAt /m 2
2 x100% = 0%
x100% = 0%
For E = 8 V/m
For E = 4 V/m
%Diff.= For E = 10 V/m
¿ 0.5 µAt/m−0.5 µAt /m∨ ¿ ¿ %Diff. =
0.5 µAt /m+0.5 µAt /m ¿ 0.4 µAt /m−0.4 µAt/m∨ ¿ ¿
2 0.4 µAt/m+0.4 µAt /m
x100% = 0% 2
x100% = 0%

Fig.45: (a) Measured Electric Field w/ H = 1 At/m; (b) Measured Magnetic Field w/ E = 1 V/m

Fig.46: (a) Measured Electric Field w/ H = 2 At/m; (b) Measured Magnetic Field w/ E = 2 V/m

Fig.47: (a) Measured Electric Field w/ H = 4 At/m; (b) Measured Magnetic Field w/ E = 4 V/m

Fig.48: (a) Measured Electric Field w/ H = 6 At/m; (b) Measured Magnetic Field w/ E = 6 V/m
 Fig.49: (a) Measured Electric Field w/ H = 8 At/m; (b) Measured Magnetic Field w/ E = 8 V/m

Fig.50: (a) Measured Electric Field w/ H = 10 At/m; (b) Measured Magnetic Field w/ E = 10 V/m

VIII. ANALYSIS
The simulation tool used by the group to design the program to obtain the
measurement of Electric Field and Magnetic Field is NI LabVIEW.
The following formulas for obtaining Electric Field and Magnetic Field were used
for this experiment.
The formulas used for Electric Field E and Magnetic Field H were P=EH
(where P is power density), which can also be derived from formulas E=√ 377 (P)
E q
and H= through the same constant 377. Other formulas were E= 2
377 4 πƐ d
(which involves charge q, permittivity Ɛ, and distance between conductors d),
E=
√30 PT (which involves transmitted power PT and antenna distance R), and
R
I
H= (which involves current I, and distance from wire d).
2 πd
For the first set of data, the first table compares the measured and computed
Electric Field with constant permittivity and varying distance. In this table, the only
significant difference from the varying distances from 100 meters to 1000 meters are
those obtained from 200 meters, where the measured Electric Field was 1.90 µV/m and
the computed Electric Field was 1.89 µV/m resulting to a 0.53 % difference, and from
800 meters where the measured Electric Field was 0.11 µV/m and the computed Electric
Field was 0.12 µV/m resulting to an 8.70 % difference.
The second set of data used the same program, but this time, charge is varied. In
this table, the only significant difference from the varying charges from 1 coulomb to 10
coulombs are those obtained from 1 coulomb, where the measured Electric Field was
0.24 µV/m and the computed Electric Field was 0.26 µV/m resulting to a 8.00 %
 difference, and from 8 coulombs where the measured Electric Field was 1.90 µV/m and
the computed Electric Field was 1.89 µV/m resulting to an 0.53 % difference.
Tables 3 and 4 considers the measured and computed Magnetic Field, one with
varying distance from the wire, and the other with varying current, respectively. In table
3, the only significant difference from the varying distances from 100 meters coulomb to
1000 meters are those obtained from 200 meters, where the measured Magnetic Field was
4.78 mAt/m and the computed Magnetic Field was 4.77 mAt/m resulting to a 0.21 %
difference. Coincidentally, in table 4, though the currents were varying from 1 ampere to
30 amperes, and the distance was constant, their values for the second sample matched
with table 3, and also the only significant difference among the data on table 4.
Table 5 compares measured and computed Electric Field with varying power
density from 1 to 10 µW/m 2, and all comparisons resulted in 0 % difference except when
power density was 6 µW/m2 where measured Electric Field was 0.047 V/m and computed
Electric Field was 0.048 V/m resulting to a 2.11 % difference. On the other hand, table 7
considered a varying transmitted power from 10 to 120 W to obtain Electric Field. Only
50 and 70 W of transmitted power resulted to different measured and computed Electric
Field. For 50 W of transmitted power, Electric Field measured was 0.38 V/m, while 0.39
V/m was computed, resulting to 2.60% difference. For 70 W of transmitted power,
Electric Field measured was 0.45 V/m, while 0.46 V/m was computed, resulting to 2.20%
difference.
With varying Electric Field from 1 to 10 V/m, measured and computed Magnetic
Field is then obtained in table 6. 2 V/m of Electric Field gave off a measured Magnetic
Field of 5.30 mAt/m and computed Magnetic Field of 5.31 mAt/m. 6 V/m of Electric
Field gave off a measured Magnetic Field of 0.015 mAt/m and computed Magnetic Field
of 0.016 mAt/m. These two samples are the only ones to have percent differences which
computed to be 0.19 % and 6.45 %.
The last couple of tables, table 8 and table 9, compared the measurement and
computation of Electric Field and Magnetic Field respectively, both with a constant value
of power density. For table 8, varying Magnetic Fields of 1 to 10 At/m were used to
obtain Electric Field values. For table 9, varying Electric Fields of 1 to 10 V/m were used
to obtain Magnetic Field values. Both tables recorded 05 differences in all samples.

IX. CONCLUSION
In this experiment, the students have given a free of their own choice to design a
system with an input, transmitter, and receiver. The system is designed with the
utilization of LABVIEW and backed up with a theoretical data. To sum it up, the
Magnetic field lowers as the electric field go higher since the current is the cause and the
field is the effect and it is all the same inversely proportional from electric field varying
magnetic field up to the end of different varying techniques. It concludes that every
aspect of radio waves with varying values can take effect on the propagation of waves.

X. GUIDE QUESTIONS
1.) Invisible force field produced by a magnet, such as a conductor when current is
flowing through.
- Magnetic Field

2.) Invisible force fields produced by a difference in voltage potential between two
conductors.
- Electric Field

3.) What are Electric fields in radio waves?

- Electromagnetic waves are radio waves with polarization and it is interpreted as
the direction of where the wave is oscillating in an electric field which is
perpendicular to the motion of propagation of EM waves. A space with a
polarized radio wave is accompanied by an electric field that oscillates along the
plane of the direction of motion.

4.) 1.5 V is applied across the terminals of a thin parallel plate capacitor. The separation
between the plates of the capacitor is 30 µm. Estimate the electric field intensity deep
inside the capacitor.
Given: V =1.5 V ∧d=30 μm
V
Solution: E= =50 kV /m
D
FINAL ANSWER: E=50 kV /m

5.) Calculate the average power density and the magnetic field strength in a plane wave
propagating in free space with peak electric field strength of 1 millivolt/meter.
2
E
Solution: P=
2 no
no=
√ μo
ϵo
=377 Ω
10
−6
P=
( m¿ ¿2)(2)(377)¿
nW
P=1.32 2
m
1 mV −6 A
H= =2.65 x 10
377 m
nW −6 A
FINAL ANSWER: P=1.32 2 , H =
2.65 x 10
m m

6.) The maximum magnetic field strength of an electromagnetic field is 5×10^−6T.

Calculate the maximum electric field strength if the wave is traveling in a medium in
which the speed of the wave is 0.75𝑐.
 Given: C=0.75 ( 3 x 10 8 )∧β=5 x 10 6
E E 3V
Solution: C= =0.75 ( 3 x 10 ) =
8
=1.13 x 10
β 5 x 10
6
m
3 V
FINAL ANSWER: E=1.13 x 10
m
7.) Find the electric field with at a distance 367m from the source with a constant value
relative permittivity at 2.1.
q
Solution: E= 2
Ɛ = 2.1
4 πƐ d
2C
E= 2 = 0.5626µV/m
4 π (2.1)(367 m)
uV
FINAL ANSWER: E=0.56268
m

8.) Define Free-space path loss.

- It is described as the loss occurred by an EM wave as it propagates along the
straight line in a vacuum with no absorbed or reflected energy from debris along the
propagation path.

9.) Calculate the free-space path loss in dB from the Philippine station of aerospace to a
satellite with a distance of 52.2315 x 106 meters and an uplink frequency of 12.69
GHz
Solution:
8
c 3 ×10
λ= = =0.0236 m
f 12.69 ×10 9

(
L p ( dB )=20 log
0.0236 )
4 π (52.2315 ×10 6)
=208.8846 dB

FINAL ANSWER: Lp=208.8846 dB

10.) What is the significance of radio waves?

- It is used for wireless transmission of information that can be a sound message,
signal communications and for navigation. The importance of radio waves is to
provide a way to communicate with other end devices and people.

XI. REFERENCES
 Dunbar, B., & Manning, C. (2021, August 11). What are radio waves? Retrieved from
National Aeronautics and Space Administration:
https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/scan/communications/outreach/funfacts/
what_are_radio_waves
 Electromagnetic Fields. (2009). Retrieved from EUROPA:
https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/en/electromagnetic-
fields/l-2/1-electromagnetic-fields.htm#0