ISSN (Online) 2581-9429

IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 4, May 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252

Automatic Load Sharing of Transformer

Andure Shivam1, Goukonde Mangesh2, Vinayak Patil3, Sagar Phapale4, Prof. Sunita Upasani5
Student, Department of Electrical Engineering1,2,3,4
Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering5
Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s College of Engineering, Karvenagar, Pune

Abstract: Transformer plays a major role in the power system. It works 24 hours a day and provides power
to the load. The transformer is excessive full, its windings are overheated which leads to the judgment of the
transformer installation which leads to disruption of the power supply to the load. It takes a lot of time to
repair and involves a lot of costs. This project deals with transformer protection under conditions of
overcrowding. The transformer could be protected by reducing the additional the transformer's load by
connecting and using another transformer in conjunction the primary transformer using a microcontroller
and a switch relay. The load on the first transformer is compared to the reference value by the Arduino. When
the load exceeds the reference value, the slave transformer is automatically attached to the first transformer
and the extra load is shared. Therefore, the number of transformers works well under conditions of
overcrowding and damage could be prevented. In this project, slave transformers share the master
transformer's duty in the event of overcrowding and overheating. Sensor circuit with Arduino, current
transformer, and other components is designed to collect data from the master transformer, and if it is
determined to be overloaded, the slave transformer is immediately attached to the master transformer and
the load is shared. The Arduino keeps track of the transformer's current volume and displays it. If loads are
introduced to the current transformer's second side in the second side riser. As the current volume exceeds
the estimated current value of the transformer, so the microcontroller sends a travel signal to the relay, thus
opening the slave transformer. Initially when we open the load, it will be shared by the first transformer.
Once the load on the first transformer has been raised above its maximum capacity, the standby transformer
will automatically share the load.

Keywords: Transformer, Arduino Uno, Current Sensor, Relay.

I. INTRODUCTION
Load shedding, load sharing, and other terminology are used in the power system. To begin, we must distinguish between
load shedding and load sharing. shedding loads It is the procedure of cutting-off loads on the approximated region based on
load priority in order to connected in parallel with it. The transformers are connected in parallel when the load on one of the
transformers exceeds its capacity. The reliability of the electricity grid improves as a result of parallel transformer operation,
and damage to various substation equipment, such as transformers, is reduced. Certain requirements must be met in order
to archive parallel transformer operation.

II. PROPOSED SYSTEM

Our project, “Automatic load sharing of transformer” is divided in three parts i.e., Monitoring, Controlling and Displaying.
2.1 Monitoring
For monitoring system, we have used Arduino and current sensor through which monitoring of the load that the
transformer is handling is done. The Arduino will calculate the load using current calculated by current sensor and display
it on LCD display.

2.2 Controlling
In controlling system Arduino control the status (i.e., ON/OFF) of the transformer by relays. If load on the main
transformer increases by its rated capacity, then Arduino senses it by current sensor and connects the second transformer to
it in parallel. Further if the load increases by the rated capacity of both the transformer the Arduino sends the signal to the
relays and switch OFF’s both the transformer till the load is not balanced.
Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-3932 334
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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 4, May 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252
2.3 Displaying
This system is also capable of showing the status of the transformers and the load which is present on them. The LCD
display shows the status of the transformer i.e., ON/OFF and also shows the load on them which is calculated by using
Arduino and current sensor.

III. BLOCK DIAGRAM

Figure 1.0
1. In circuit only one transformer is operating to feed the loads. A circuit breaker and a relay link a standby transformer
in parallel. The load current is continuously measured by the current sensor and fed to the Arduino.
2. The user enters the reference value or maximum load limit, and the priority level of the load is also determined by
the user or responsible authority. A single transformer would not be able to feed all of the load during peak hours
when demand increases.
3. An Arduino provides a control signal to the relay coil, causing it to be energised, when the load demand exceeds
the reference value. As a result, the backup transformer will be linked in series.

IV. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 Hardware Implementation
Arduino Uno is an 8-bit ATmega328P microcontroller-based microcontroller board. It includes extra components to assist
the ATmega328P microcontroller, such as a crystal oscillator, serial communication, voltage regulator, and so on. There are
14 digital input/output pins, 6 analogue input pins, a USB connection and Power barrel connector, an ICSP header, and a
reset button on the Arduino Uno. Arduino is capable of communicating with a computer, another Arduino board, or other
microcontrollers. The ATmega328P microcontroller supports UART TTL (5V) serial communication, which is accessed by
digital pins 0 (Rx) and 1 (Tx) (Tx). An ATmega16U2 on the board transmits serial data over USB, appearing to apps on the
computer as a virtual com port. The ATmega16U2 firmware uses normal USB COM drivers and does not require an extra
driver. A.inf file is necessary on Windows, however. You may transmit and receive simple textual data to and from the
Arduino device using the serial monitor included in the Arduino software. When data is transferred through USB to serial

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-3932 335

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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 4, May 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252
chip and USB connection to the PC, two RX and TX LED on the Arduino board will flash (not for serial communication on
pins 0 and 1). To communicate serially on any of the Uno digital pins, you'll need a Software Serial library. I2C (TWI) and
SPI communication are also available on the ATmega328p. The Arduino software comes with a Wire library that makes
using the I2C bus a breeze.

4.2 Software Requirement

It underpins both C and C++ programming dialects. Arduino supplies the product library, which gives some normal
information and yield system. This is an open-source board which permits simple coding and transfer. Software
Implementation Coding or Programming, Program utilized in the project, developed in C language with the Arduino
linguistic structure in the Arduino IDE. The programming is likewise utilized for stacking the program code in to Arduino
board. In this task, the Arduino IDE was utilized to program, create, debug, and transfer the coding into the microcontroller.

V. FLOW CHART

Figure 2.0
1. Transformer load sharing is automated using Arduino. The use of two identical transformers connected in parallel
using a changeover relay.
2. Transformer 1 is the primary transformer, also known as the master transformer, while Transformer 2 is the
auxiliary transformer, also known as the slave transformer.
3. A circuit breaker and a relay are connected in parallel by a standby transformer. The load current is continually
measured by the current sensor and fed to the comparator. The primary transformer is switched on and the reserve
transformer is switched off in normal operation.
4. There are different conditions would apply while connecting the load which are discussed below.

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-3932 336

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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 4, May 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252
5.1 Under Normal Condition
In the proposed system only one transformer is operating to feed the loads. A standby transformer is connected in parallel
a circuit breaker and relay. The current sensor continuously measures the load current and feeds it to the comparator. Under
normal condition the main transformer is in ON condition and the reserve transformer is in OFF condition. The user enters
the reference value or maximum load limit, and the priority level of the load is also determined by the user or the responsible
authority. During the normal the single transformer can able to feed the entire load.

5.2 Under Abnormal Condition

As the load requirement increases, during peak, a single transformer will not be able to feed the entire load. When the
load demand exceeds the reference value, the Arduino will send a control signal to the relay coil to energise it. Because the
transformers have the same ratings, the standby transformer will be connected in parallel and will share the load equally.
Thus, all the loads are feed efficiently providing uninterrupted power supply. If load limits exceed the main transformer is
in ON condition and the reserve transformer is in ON condition.

5.3 Shutdown Condition

When the load increases further to a value which is greater that the capacity of the two transforms, priority-based load
shading will be implemented. The loads which have the lowest priority will be shut down by opening the respective circuit
breakers. If the load limit exceeds the both the transformer. The main transformer and the reserve transformer will be in
OFF condition.

VI. RESULTS

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-3932 337

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 ISSN (Online) 2581-9429
IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 2, Issue 4, May 2022

Impact Factor: 6.252

VII. FUTURE SCOPE

1. The future scope of our project is mainly in substation.
2. There is a need for the operation of an extra transformer at substations, particularly during peak hours, to meet the
additional load requirement.
3. Under severe loads, our project automatically connects the transformer. As a result, there is no need to run both
transformers at full power, especially during off-peak hours. As a result, electricity is intelligently shared with the
transformer in parallel.

VIII. CONCLUSION
In this paper we discussed our project on. We all know that transformer is the main equipment in power system. As a
result, transformer safety is critical. The necessity of transformer load sharing is discussed in this work. The numerous
strategies for load sharing with safety are discussed. There is also a criterion for load sharing that must be met. so that the
electricity that can be delivered to the customer does not stop. Power system operation will be reliable.

REFERENCES
[1]. Rekha.T,BinduPrakash, Asna. S, Dinesh.S and Nandana.S.Prasad, “An Intelligent Method for Load Sharing of
Transformers With Temperature Monitoring and Automatic Correction of Power Factor”, International Journal Of
Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, Volume 4, Issue3, pp. 416-421, 2015.
[2]. Ashish R. Ambalkar, Nitesh M. Bhoyar, Vivek V. Badarkhe and Vivek B. Bathe, “Automatic Load Sharing of
Transformers”, International Journal for Scientific Research & Development, Volume 2, Issue 12, pp. 739-
741,2015.
[3]. D.M.M. Ahmad, 2010. Evaluation of the Localised Loss Transformer Core Lamination. Journal of Applied
Sciences, 10: 2917-2922.
[4]. Transformer over Pre-trained Transformer for Neural Text Segmentation with Enhanced Topic Coherence Kelvin
Lo, Yuan Jin1 Weicong Tan, Ming Liu, Lan Du1 Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics:
EMNLP 2021, pages 3334–3340 November 7–11, 2021. ©2021 Association for Computational Linguistics.
[5]. Research on Return Voltage Method to Diagnose Insulation Moisture in Transformer Jiang Xiu-bo, Zhang Tao,
2010 International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering

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