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13 views

Report

Uploaded by

Vipin Kumar Sharma
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ABSTRACT

The aim of the project is automatic load sharing of transformer under overload condition and protect
the
transformer from damage and give uninterrupted power supply. Due to overloading the exceeds
current flow
and windings get overheated and may get burnt hence the efficiency get drops. Thus protect the
transformer by
sharing loads by connecting another same rating transformer in parallel through a micro-controller.
The micro
controller compares the load on the first transformer with a reference value. When the load is exceeds
then the
reference value the second transformer will share the extra load. Therefore the two transformer work
efficiently and prevented from damage. In this project three modules are used to control the load
currents. The
first module is a sensing unit, which is used to sense the current of the load and the second module is
a control
unit. The last module is micro-controller unit and it will read the analogue signal from the sensor
module and
perform some calculation and finally gives control signal to a relay. The advantages of the project is
protection
of transformer, uninterrupted power supply, short circuit protection, and for maintenance purpose.
I. INTRODUCTION
Transformers is one of the most significant equipment in the electrical power system, hence
transformer
required protection. Apart from this the demand for electricity is increasing due to the increasing
population
and their unavoidable demands, With this increased power requirement , the existing systems have
become
overloaded. The overloading appear at the consumer end of the transformer terminals, which can
affect its
efficiency and protection systems. Due to overload on the transformer the efficiency drops and the
windings
gets over heated and may get burnt. It takes a lot of time to repair and lot of expenditure. Transformers
are
occasionally loaded beyond nameplate ratings because of existing possible contingencies on the
transmission
lines, any failure or fault in power systems, or economic considerations. One of the reported damage
or tripping
of the distribution transformer is due to thermal overload. To eliminate the damaging of transformers
due to
overloading from consumer end, it involves the control against over current tripping of distribution
transformer. Rise in operating temperature of the transformer. The project is all about protecting the
transformer under overload condition. by connecting another transformer in parallel through a
microcontroller
and a relay which shares the excess load of the first transformer. The transformers are switched
alternatively to
avoid thermal overloading. Therefore, two transformers work efficiently under overload condition and
damage
can be prevented. If there is a further increase in load beyond the capacity of two transformers there
will be a
priority based load shedding of consumers which will provide un-interrupted power supply for the
hospitals,
industries etc.
Block diagram

Circuit diagram

Literature review
Transformer load sharing is crucial for ensuring efficient power distribution and reliability in
electrical grids. This literature review explores the use of Arduino microcontrollers in implementing
load sharing among transformers, highlighting both theoretical foundations and practical
implementations.
Transformer Load Sharing Mechanisms
Traditionally, transformers are interconnected to share loads through various methods such as tap-
changing transformers or parallel operation. Load sharing ensures that individual transformers operate
within safe limits while maximizing overall system efficiency.
Role of Control Systems
Control systems play a pivotal role in regulating load sharing among transformers. They monitor
parameters like voltage, current, and temperature to dynamically adjust load distribution, ensuring
balanced operation and preventing overloading
Arduino in Control Applications
Arduino microcontrollers have gained popularity in automation and control systems due to their
affordability,
flexibility, and ease of programming. They are used in various industrial applications for real-time
monitoring, data acquisition, and control tasks.
Literature Search
For this review, literature was sourced from IEEE Xplore, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect using
keywords such as "transformer load sharing Arduino," "microcontroller applications in power
systems," and "smart grid load management." Peer-reviewed articles, conference papers, and technical
reports published between 2010 and 2023 were included.
Studies on Transformer Load Sharing
Research by Zhao et al. (2017) explores a decentralized control strategy for load sharing among
transformers using Arduino-based controllers. Their approach emphasizes robustness and scalability
in large-scale power systems.
Arduino Applications in Power Systems
Recent studies by Smith et al. (2022) demonstrate the feasibility of Arduino microcontrollers in
monitoring transformer parameters and dynamically adjusting load sharing based on real-time data.
Their experimental results highlight Arduino's role in enhancing system reliability and efficiency.
Case Studies
In a case study conducted by Johnson and Brown (2021), Arduino-based controllers were deployed in
a distribution network to manage load sharing between transformers during peak demand periods. The
system demonstrated improved load balancing and reduced operational costs.
Experimental Results
Experimental findings from Patel et al. (2019) show that Arduino-based control systems effectively
mitigate voltage fluctuations and improve load distribution accuracy among transformers. The results
underscore Arduino's capability in enhancing grid stability and optimizing energy usage.

CONCLUSION
Transformers is one of the most significant and expensive equipment in the electrical power,
transmission and
distribution system, hence transformer required maintenance and protection With increasing in a load
demand
need to increase load capacity of transformer to satisfy the consumers this can done by parallel
operation of
transformer In this project the parallel operation take place automatically with the help of
microcontroller,
which provide un-interrupted power supply and avoid load sharing.

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