Questioned Documents Examinations KINDS OF DOCUMENTS

Questioned Documents Examinations
Documents
- any materials containing marks, symbols or sign either visible, partially visible
that may present or ultimately convey a meaning to someone, maybe in the form or
pencil, ink writing, typewriting or printing on paper.
The term “document” applies to writing; to words printed, lithographed or photographed;

to maps or plans; to seals, plates or even stones on which inscription are cut or
engraved.
Examples:
Deeds Agreements
Title Letters
Receipts
And other written documents to prove facts.
Kinds of Documents
1. Public Documents
- an instrument authenticated by a notary public or competent official with the
formalities required by law or an instrument executed in due form before a notary public
certified by him, or one that which is made by a notary public in the presence of parties
who execute it with the assistance of 2 witnesses.
Examples:
 Memorandum
 Voting Records
 Court Records
 Census Reports
 Death Records
 Marriage Records
 Adoption Records
prepared by: jrcanceran, rcrim

2. Private Document
- every deed or instrument executed by a private person without the intervention
of a notary public or any person legally authorized, by which the documents some
dispositions or agreement is provide evidenced as set forth.
Examples:
 Notes
 Diaries
 Postcards
 Social Security Number
 Business Documents
3. Official Document
- a document which is issued by a public official in the exercise of the functions of
his office. An official document is also a “Public Document”
What is the difference between Public and Official Documents?
4. Commercial Documents
- any instrument defined and
regulated by the code of commerce or other commercial law.

5. Electronic Document
- exist only in electronic form such as
date stored on a computer network, back-up,
archive or other storage media.
6. Paper-Based Document
- produced traditionally and manually.
Questioned
- any material which some issue has been raised or which in under scrutiny.
Questioned Document
- one which the facts appearing therein may not be true and are contested either
in whole or part with respect to its authenticity, identity or origin.
It maybe:
* Deed * Contract
* Will * Election Ballots
* Marriage contract * Check
* Visas * Application Form
* Certificates

Standard Document
- are condensed and compact set of authentic specimens which if adequate or
proper, should contain a cross section of the material from a known source.
- those things whose origins are known and can be proven, and which can be
legally used as examples to compare with other matters in questions.
Exemplar
- a term used by some document examiners and attorneys to characterize known
material. Standard is the older form.
Holograph Document
- any document completely written and signed by one person.
Reference Collections
- materials compiled and organized by the document examiner to assist him in
answering special questions.
Questioned Document Examinations or Forensic Document

Examinations
- the practice of application of document examination to the
purpose of the law.
Forensic Document Examiner or Questioned Document
Examiner
- refers to persons who study all aspects of a document to
determined its authenticity, origin handwriting, photocopies, inks and
papers.
Classes of Questioned Document
1. Documents with questioned signature

2. Questioned Documents alleged to have been containing fraudulent alterations
3.Questioned or Disputed holographic will.
Holographic will – will entirely written in the handwriting of the testator

Notarial will – signed by the testator acknowledge before a notary public with 3
witnessed
4. Questioned documents on issues of their age or date
5. Questioned documents on issues of materials used in their production
Albert Sherman Osborn (1946-1985)

- considered as a Father of Scientific Examination
of Questioned Document.
- first American prominent in the field of forgery
detection and author of the seminal
“Questioned Document”

Questioned Documents Examinations KINDS OF DOCUMENTS

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Questioned Documents Examinations KINDS OF DOCUMENTS

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Questioned Documents Examinations

The term “document” applies to writing; to words printed, lithographed or photographed;

prepared by: jrcanceran, rcrim

What is the difference between Public and Official Documents?

prepared by: jrcanceran, rcrim

prepared by: jrcanceran, rcrim

Questioned Document Examinations or Forensic Document

Classes of Questioned Document

1. Documents with questioned signature

prepared by: jrcanceran, rcrim

Albert Sherman Osborn (1946-1985)

prepared by: jrcanceran, rcrim

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