ARSI UNIVERSITY

College of BUSSINESS AND ECONOMICS

Department of Information Technology

Industrial Attachment Report

AT

Borena Wereda ICT Center

During 3rd Year 2nd Semester June to 30th August 2022

Prepared By:
Full Name: Shiferaw Yosef
Phone: 0963298658
Email: shiferawyosef12@gmail.com
Submission Date: _______________

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Acknowledgment
The internship opportunity I had with borena werda Ict center was a great chance for learn in
Moreover, professional development. Therefore, I consider myself as a very lucky individual as I
was
Provided with a real IT workplace opportunity. I am also grateful for having a chance to meet
So many wonderful people and professionals who led me though this internship period.
I express my deepest thanks to Mr.Fsha ICT specialist expert for their careful advice
And guidance which were extremely valuable for my study both theoretically and practically.
I choose this moment to acknowledge my advisor Mr.musa for his support Throughout my
internship.
2UTP cable: -stands for unshielded twisted pair cable.
RJ45:- stands for Registered Jack-45.
LAN: - stands for local area network.
WAN: - stands for wide area network.

Declaration
I declare that this report is based on the work, carried by me and no part of it has been presented
previously for any higher degree. The report was conducted in the Department of information
technology of Arsi university under.
It is also declared that this report has been prepared for academic purposes alone and has not
been/will not be submitted elsewhere for any other purposes.

Executive summary
This internship report describes what I did when I went for an internship in borena werda Ict
center for two months.Borena werda Ict center, which is located 380 kilometers away from
Dessie, is a sector established to increase the knowledge of technology for the community and to
make their work supported by technology. Because it is close to where I am and I believe that I
will get better knowledge there, I have done my internship there. borena werda Ict center
provides many services, including network installation, system development, maintenance, video
conferencing and basic computer training. Of these, I have practiced network installation and
system development.
This internship has given me many advantages, among which I have learned how to apply the
knowledge I gained in theory, how to communicate with people, and how to work in a team.
Overall, I found this internship useful, educational and foundational for my life.

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 Table Content
Acknowledgment............................................................................................................................................................2
Declaration......................................................................................................................................................................2
Executive summary.........................................................................................................................................................2
List Of Figures................................................................................................................................................................4
Chapter one.....................................................................................................................................................................6
1.Introduction..................................................................................................................................................................6
1.2 Background of the the filed attachment....................................................................................................................6
1.2.1 Definition of Field attachment...............................................................................................................................6
. 1.2.2 purpose of field attachment.................................................................................................................................6
1.3 Objective of Organization.........................................................................................................................................6
1.4 Vision and mission of organization..........................................................................................................................6
1.4.1Mission....................................................................................................................................................................6
1.4.2 vission....................................................................................................................................................................7
1.5 Core value of organization........................................................................................................................................7
1.6 Main activities of organization..................................................................................................................................7
1.7 My position of the organization................................................................................................................................8
1.8 My basic computing area..........................................................................................................................................8
1.8.1 Objective of the ICT department............................................................................................................................8
Chapter Two....................................................................................................................................................................8
introductions....................................................................................................................................................................8
2.1 internship...................................................................................................................................................................8
2.2 Internship Department...............................................................................................................................................9
2.3 Size and Structure of the Department.......................................................................................................................9
2.4 Nature of work /tasks carried....................................................................................................................................9
2.4.1 Weak one and weak two........................................................................................................................................9
2.4.2 Weak Three..........................................................................................................................................................10
2.4.3 Weak four.............................................................................................................................................................11
2.4.4Weak five..............................................................................................................................................................15
2.4.5 Weak sex..............................................................................................................................................................17
2.4.6 Disassemble and Assemble Of computer Hardware............................................................................................17
Three things need to be done before assembly begins:.................................................................................................24
Chapter Three................................................................................................................................................................27
Analysis.........................................................................................................................................................................27
3 Introduction................................................................................................................................................................27
3.1 Internship work experience.....................................................................................................................................27
3.1.1 Technical Experience...........................................................................................................................................27
3.1.2 non-technical experience......................................................................................................................................28
Communication.............................................................................................................................................................28
Cooperation...................................................................................................................................................................28
Organization..................................................................................................................................................................28
Time management.........................................................................................................................................................29
Prioritization..................................................................................................................................................................29
Enthusiasm....................................................................................................................................................................29
3.1.3 Learning area of interest in computing................................................................................................................29
Chapter Four.................................................................................................................................................................29
Skill...............................................................................................................................................................................29
4. Introduction...............................................................................................................................................................29
4.1 Personal challenges.................................................................................................................................................29
Measures in order to solve the problem........................................................................................................................30
4.2 Over All Benefits from internships.........................................................................................................................30
4.3. In terms of improving interpersonal communication skill.....................................................................................31
Team playing.................................................................................................................................................................31
4.4. In terms of improving leadership skill...................................................................................................................31
4.5 Understanding work ethics issues...........................................................................................................................32
4.6 Entrepreneurship skills............................................................................................................................................32

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4.7 Conclusion!@.........................................................................................................................................................32
4.7 Recommendation for item of future........................................................................................................................33
4.8 Recommendation for the organization....................................................................................................................33
4.9 Recommendation....................................................................................................................................................33
4.10 Recommendation for the ICT Center....................................................................................................................33
Reference......................................................................................................................................................................33

List Of Figures
FIGURE 1 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE....................................................................................................................8
FIG ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF ICT DEPARTMENT.........................................................................................11
FIGURE 2.1 FUSION SPLICE.........................................................................................................................................18
FIGURE 2.2 UNPLUGGING OF COMPUTER.................................................................................................................20
FIGURE 2.3 REMOVE SIDE COVER..............................................................................................................................20
FIGURE 2.4 DISCONNECT CONNECTORS....................................................................................................................21
FIGURE 2.5 DISCONNECT SYSTEM UNIT FUN.............................................................................................................21
FIGURE 2.6 REMOVE THE STORAGE DRIVE................................................................................................................21
FIGURE 2.7 REMOVE MEMORY RAM MODULES........................................................................................................22
FIGURE 2.8 REMOVE POWER SUPPLY........................................................................................................................22
FIGURE 2.9 REMOVE MOTHER BOARD ADAPTER.......................................................................................................23
FIGURE 2.10 REMOVE THE MOTHER BOARD.............................................................................................................23
FIGURE 2.11 PROCURING PARTS................................................................................................................................24
FIGURE 2.12 TOOLS THAT ARE USED TO ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE...........................................................25
FIGURE 2.13 DIAGRAM OF THE CASE.........................................................................................................................25
FIGURE 2.14 PREPARE THE CASE FOR ASSEMBLY.......................................................................................................26
FIGURE 2.15 GROUND YOUR SELF..............................................................................................................................26
DRIVE FIGURE 2.16 INSTALLING MOTHERBOARD...................................................................................................27
FIGURE 2.17 INSTALLING HARD DRIVE.......................................................................................................................27
FIGURE 2.18 INSTALLING OPTICAL DRIVE...................................................................................................................27
FIGURE 2.19 INSTALLING THE CPU.............................................................................................................................28
FIGURE 2.20 INSTALLING THE RAM............................................................................................................................28
FIGURE 2.21 INSTALLING CASE FAN...........................................................................................................................28
FIGURE 2.22 INSTALLING POWER SUPPLY..................................................................................................................29
FIGURE 2.23 CONNECTING CABLES............................................................................................................................29

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 Chapter one

1.Introduction
Mainly this organigzation are going to produced skilled man power as well as to solve the community
problems with doing certain tangible researches. Generally, they are aimed to produce skilled developed
as well as delivering community service.

1.2 Background of the the filed attachment

borena werda Ict center is located 380 km west of Dessie city in South Wolo Zone of Amhara Region. It
is bordered by Leg ambo District in the north, Wagdi District in the east, and Sayanti in the west .

1.2.1 Definition of Field attachment

Field attachment is a field based practical experience acquiring practical knowledge from different
companies that are producing certain related product to the intern’s department, as well those who are
giving service what the intern (student) will going to do after completion of his university study. Not only
technical experience that the student will get but also personal experiences such as communication with
others, time management, how to share knowledge with each other and other many experiences he/she
will going to acquire with the entire internship period.

. 1.2.2 purpose of field attachment

The objective of the Field Attachment is to enrich persons' theoretical and practical understandings
of women's issues through firsthand experience.

The main purpose of field attachment is to aware any persons what sort of real-world problems I will
going to face after completion of their study.

1.3 Objective of Organization

This organization is responsible for managing its information and communication technology
infrastructure. It ensures smooth operation of computer systems, networks, and software applications.

The center handles tasks like network administration, cybersecurity, software development, and
user support. Its goal is to optimize technology usage, improve efficiency, and enable effective
communication within the organization.

1.4 Vision and mission of organization

1.4.1Mission
To produce entrepreneurial generation who are competent in skills and morals.

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Conducting scientific studies and researches of national or international importance as well as providing
services to the community

The mission of this organization center is indeed closely tied to information technology. The mission of
an ICT center typically revolves around leveraging technology to achieve specific goals and objectives

1.4.2 vission
The vision of an ICT center is to leverage information technology to enhance efficiency, productivity, and
innovation.

Some common elements of a vision for an ICT center may include:

1. Empowering individuals and organizations through access to technology and digital resources.

2. Fostering a culture of continuous learning and skill development in information technology.

3. Driving digital transformation and innovation in various sectors such as education, healthcare, business,
and government.

4. Promoting the use of technology for social and economic development.

5. Creating a connected and digitally inclusive community.

Ultimately, the vision of an ICT center is to harness the power of information technology to create positive
impacts and opportunities for individuals, organizations, and society as a whole.

1.5 Core value of organization

1. Quality service
2. Fairness
3. Professionalism
4. Productive
5. Democracy and multiculturalism
6. Innovation
7. Perseverance
8. Collaborative sprit
9. Good governance
10. Work ethics
11. Academic freedom
12. cooperativeness

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 1.6 Main activities of organization
Mainly the main activity of the ict center iscosidered digital service but in addition it has many
activities.

 Community Service.
 Research and publication.
 Training to employees of certain organization
 Projects

1.7 My position of the organization

Since I were intern in borena werda Ict center ICT development office I were working as an
assistant in the ICT Department.

1.8 My basic computing area

1.8.1 Objective of the ICT department

The general objective of the ICT Department it to facilitate the activities of the origanization
through technological innovation such as;

 Building Infrastructure (Network infrastructures).

 Building the data management technologies

Chapter Two

introductions

2.1 internship
in this internship I understand for concept about borena werda Ict center system administer
networking and interrelated for technical practice for example crimp RJ45, splice Fiber optic
cable and configure network.

1. It used to develop to understanding and skillful knowledge seen for in practical

attachments.

2. Field RJ45 connector is simply a more rugged version of the RJ45 connector
standard.

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 A patch panel in a local area network (LAN) is a mounted hardware assembly that contains ports
that are used to connect and manage incoming and outgoing LAN cables.

3. fiber optic splicing technique involves the precise alignment of two fiber optic
cables, held in place by a self-contained assembly rather than a permanent bond.

2.2 Internship Department

The internship department we were intern is ICT Department located in Borena werda Ict center. It has
Network and hardware sections. Throughout our internship period we were doing in the network
section which is mainly responsible for network and related activities of the in this center.

2.3 Size and Structure of the Department

Fig Organizational structure of ICT Department

2.4 Nature of work /tasks carried

2.4.1 Weak one and weak two

In the first week I can see and learn for understanding concept for RJ 45 and fiber optic cable.

And I learn in theoretically for how to crimp RJ45 and splice fiber optic cable.

I can see Categories of UTP RJ45 Short for Registered Jack-45, an eight-wire connector used
commonly to connect computers onto a local-area networks (LAN), especially Ethernets. RJ-45
connectors look similar to the ubiquitous RJ-11 connectors used for connecting telephone
equipment, but they are somewhat wider. RJ45 in Short for Registered Jack-45, an eight-wire
connector used commonly to connect computers onto a local-area network (LAN), especially
Ethernets. RJ-45 connectors look similar to the ubiquitous RJ-11 connectors used for connecting
telephone equipment, but they are somewhat wider.
RJ45 is a standard type of connector for network cables. RJ45 connectors are most commonly seen with
Ethernet cables and networks. RJ45 connectors feature eight pins to which the wire strands of a cable

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interface electrically. Standard RJ-45 pinouts define the arrangement of the individual wires needed
when attaching connectors to a cable.

I can see various RJ45 connector types available, with the most important distinction being between the
modular male and female versions. In short, plugs are male whereas jacks or sockets are female. The key
role of plugs is to properly terminate the wires in an Ethernet cable. Conversely, the role of sockets is to
transfer the electrical data signal through to the device it is being shared with. The two are designed to
fit together securely to provide a solid connection – both physical and electrical.

Female RJ45 Connectors (RJ45 Socket)

 RJ45 connector female parts are the recessed sockets, designed for a male RJ45 plug to be
inserted into the socket. You will often see these connector sockets referred to as an RJ45
female jack, female RJ45 socket, or similar. They are typically embedded in the body of the
device you are trying to connect up, or on wall and panel installations.
 In the case of most consumer TVs, PCs, and tech hardware, the female RJ45 Ethernet socket can
be found on the device’s I/O (in/out) connectivity panel. This is usually located at the rear of the
device, along with various other sockets for HDMI cables and USB cables, for example.

Male RJ45 Connectors (RJ45 Plug)

RJ45 male connectors are the modular plug-in components found at either end of an Ethernet cable.
They are most often made from clear, white, black or grey plastic, but they can also include a wider
range of other coolers and materials. Professional grade, high-quality male RJ45 connectors are
sometimes shielded in metal. This helps to minimize the risk of EMI interference, improving the quality
and stability of the data signal being transferred.

It is worth noting that you will not typically find Ethernet cables with one female RJ45 end and one male
RJ45 end. If you need to extend a cable in this type of setup, as opposed to buying a longer one, you will
typically need to use an RJ45 male-to-male adapter. This is usually a small linking module made from
two female sockets facing in opposite directions.

Field RJ45 Connectors

A field RJ45 connector is simply a more rugged version of the RJ45 connector standard. Field RJ45
connectors are mainly used in applications where the wiring system will be exposed to dust, vibrations,
water, or mechanical stress. The types of hazards that you will need to protect your network connection
against will dictate which is the best version to buy. Field RJ45 connectors are available as both cable-
cable interconnects and as panel-mounted sockets. They might incorporate various additional features
for strength and durability.

By Using a Crimping Tool

1. Strip the cable back 1 inch (25 mm) from the end. ...
2. Untwist and straighten the wires inside of the cable. ...
3. Arrange the wires into the right order. ...
4. Cut the wires into an even line 1⁄2 inch (13 mm) from sheathing. ...

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 5. Insert the wires into the RJ-45 connector….

2.4.2 Weak Three

I could see step of crimping process
How to crimp RJ45 to Cat5e or CAT6 cable?
Step 1 – Prepare the Cable and Remove the Insulation. Novice technicians and electricians will start
mounting connectors before running the entire cable. ...

Step 2 – Cat6 Crimping Color Code. ...

Step 4 – Prepare the RJ45 Connector & Crimping Tool. ...

Step 6 – Verifying Your Work. ...

 RJ stands for “Registered Jack” and 45 refers to the interface standard number. It’s got a spot for
eight pins, which means that it contains eight separate wires. RJ45 is the most common type of the
connector that is being used for Ethernet networking.

For the pin assignment according to T568A, arrange the wires as follows:

T568A PIN ASSIGNMENT

Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Color Whit Green White Blue White Orange White Brown

e/ / / Blue /
Gree Orange Brow
n n
The pin assignment according to type T568B swaps pairs two and three. The correct pin assignment is as
follows:

T568B PIN ASSIGNMENT

Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Colour White Orange White Blue White Green White Brown

/ / / Blue /
Orange Green Brown
The correct standard will depend on whether you are using a straight-through cable (often called a patch
cable) or a crossover cable. In most cases, you will be using patch cable, which has the same type of

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wiring standard at each end. Crossover cable is far less widely used and has a T568A connection at one
end and a T568B connection at the other end.

2.4.3 Weak four

 I could see patch panel

 What is a patch panel?

A patch panel in a local area network (LAN) is a mounted hardware assembly that contains ports that
are used to connect and manage incoming and outgoing LAN cables. A patch panel provides a way to
keep large numbers of cables organized, enabling flexible connectivity into network hardware located in
a data center or an access or wiring closet.

The most common type of patch panel is used within an organization's LAN. Panels can be mounted
within industry standard 19-inch or 23-inch racks. The patch panel hardware assembly contains blank
ports on one side and a termination point on the other. Cables running throughout a building or campus
can be terminated, labeled and then patched into network or audiovisual (AV) hardware. Patch panels
are also referred to as patch bays, patch fields or jack fields. In addition to being used within enterprise
LANs, patch panels are also commonly used in the legacy voice, radio and television fields.

How do patch panels work?

Patch panel ports are configured to accommodate twisted-pair copper, fiber optic or coaxial cables in
a data center or wiring closet. In an enterprise network, a patch panel serves as a sort of static
switchboard, using cables to interconnect network computers within a LAN and to outside lines,
including the internet or other wide area networks. For twisted-pair Ethernet connections, the patch
panels use RJ-45 interconnects.

In facilities that require cable or satellite television hookups with centralized control, coax patch
panels are used to centrally feed television sets throughout large portions of a building. For legacy voice
communications, such as analog fax machines, two- or four-wire patch panels using RJ-11 interconnects
are typically used.

A patch panel uses a patch cord, a sort of jumper cable, to create each interconnection between the
terminated patch panel and the network device, such as an Ethernet switch, router or firewall. The
patch panel makes it easy to rearrange circuits and devices by moving the patch cables between
network devices. Enterprises and other organizations often place patch panels in wiring closets, which
are small rooms where networking and other electrical connections are made.

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 Patch panels are usually mounted into network racks, either above or below network switches. They
typically use 1U to 2U of rack space; 1U is equivalent to 1.75 inches of vertical space on the rack. Patch
cords connect the patch panel ports to ports in the network switch, voice private branch exchange or
digital AV mixers, which creates permanent port connections to the switch that will not be interrupted
during moves, adds and changes (MACs).

Types of patch panels

Patch panels can be categorized by the number of ports they contain, with 48-port, 24-port and 12-port
panels being among the most common. The most common types of patch panels are the following:

1. Twisted-pair copper. These panels are designed for specific twisted-pair

copper specifications, like Cat5E, Cat6, Cat6A and Cat7 cables. Because these
specifications use slightly different gauges of copper wiring, it is important to pay
attention to the cabling that is running to the wiring closet or data center and use the
proper specification of patch panel to match it. There are specific patch panels for
unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) and shielded twisted-pair cables, depending on the
type of environment the network is operating in. For typical office environments,
UTP is used. If, however, the operating environment is in a manufacturing plant

with higher levels of electromagnetic interference, shielded cabling helps protect against any
external interference that can adversely affect the operation of the link. RJ-45 jacks are used
to terminate Ethernet-based connections, while RJ-11, RJ-14 and RJ-25 are commonly used
for legacy voice devices.

2. Fiber optics. Patch panels are available for both single- and multimode fiber cabling.
Depending on the age of the installed fiber, the patch panel connector type could be
any of the following:

1. LC (Lucent Connector or little connector);

2. SC (subscriber connector);

3. ST (straight tip);

4. FC (fiber connector);

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5. MT-RJ (Mechanical Transfer Registered Jack); or

6. MPO/MTP (multi-fiber push on/Multi-Fiber Pull Off -- MTP is a trademark of US

Connect, a vendor of optical hardware products).

3. Coaxial. Coaxial cable is most commonly used for AV installations. Coax patch panels
connect devices such as television media players and video cameras to centralized
AV switching and mixing systems. AV patch panels and network patch panels often
coexist within the same wiring closet or data center.
Patch panels come in fixed or modular form factors. A fixed patch panel has connectors that
cannot be changed or altered. Modular patch panels can swap out the connector types, enabling
increased flexibility when it comes to terminating different types of twisted-pair copper, fiber
optic and coax cabling.
What Is a Patch Panel Device Used For?
Have you ever seen old movies in which a bank of telephone operators worked at a huge
switchboard? The operators would answer calls and decide where to route them. Then they’d
plug huge cords into jacks in the switchboard – connecting the caller to the correct office
telephone.

BENEFITS OF USING A PATCH PANEL DEVICE

So, if you’re probably going to be using a network switch anyway – why use a patch panel at all?
There are several excellent reasons.

1. Organization: Two or three cables can’t co-exist in a room very long without turning into
a birds next. Dozens of long cables, all terminating in a rack area or wiring closet, will
quickly become a nightmare. A neat, clean installation of cabling into a patch panel
prevents the headaches that come with trying to sort through and identify one cable in the
middle of a mess. Additionally, labels can easily fall off of individual cables, while the
labels on a neatly-maintained patch panel are theoretically permanent. The bottom line: a
patch panel is a fabulous cable management tool.

2. Security: Cables terminated in a patch panel will be punched down for secure
connections. That relieves tension on the cable and reduces the possibility that

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 inadvertent tugging of the cable could break either the conductors or the port. With a
patch panel, the only cables “at risk” are inexpensive and easily-replaceable patches.

3. Price: Patch panels are much less expensive than comparable switches able to handle the
same number of connections. And without a patch panel in the middle of the path,
connections which aren’t in use still take up a port on the switch, meaning you’re paying
for switch capacity you don’t need. Scalability is also built into the use of patch panels,
because it’s much easier and cheaper to add new panels than new switches.

4. Configuring and troubleshooting: A patch panel provides flexibility to let you change
connections in seconds, without chasing down “the right” cables or running new ones. It
also simplifies troubleshooting, because each individual connection is easily tested
through its port in the panel.
For all of these reasons, a patch panel is a great addition to a home network. In a commercial
installation, it’s virtually a necessity.

2.4.4Weak five
I could see about splicing of fiber optic cable.
The Process of Splicing Fiber Optic Cables
1. Step 1: The fiber optic cables are stripped. Before two fiber optic cables can be
spliced together, the protective polymer coating that is wrapped around them must
be removed.
2. Step 2: The fiber optic cables are cleaned. ...
3. Step 3: The fiber optic cables are cleaved. ...
4. Step 4: The fiber optic cables are fused. ...
5. Step 5: The fiber optic cables are protected.

The Two Main Methods of Fiber Optic Splicing

With fiber-optic connections becoming increasingly mainstream, the ability to accurately perform
fiber optic splicing is becoming more and more important. As of now, fiber optic splicing can be carried
out using one of two methods: fusion splicing and mechanical splicing.
Before moving forward with a fiber optic installation, it is vital for integrators to have a fairly good
understanding of both methods. This would help determine which technique will work best for your
company’s long-term goals and fit your performance and budget requirements.
Method #1 – Mechanical Splicing

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 1. This fiber optic splicing technique involves the precise alignment of two fiber optic
cables, held in place by a self-contained assembly rather than a permanent bond. A
mechanical splice is designed to hold two fiber cables in a way that allows light to pass
through seamlessly, with a typical loss of around 0.3 dB or 10%.
2. In this process, the technician must use an alignment device along with an index
matching gel. The gel must have a similar refractive index to enhance the light
transmission across the joint, with minimal back reflection.

Mechanical splicing is usually used when splices need to be made quickly and easily, for instance, to
temporarily connect cables during installation. That’s because mechanical splicing can be easily
disconnected if the need arises and you don’t require costly apparatus to perform the splice.

Method #2 – Fusion Splicing

The other method to join two fiber optic cables together — and this time we’re talking a permanent
connection — is fusion splicing.
In this technique, a machine or an electric arc is used to produce heat and fuse/weld glass ends that
are precisely aligned together for continuous transmission of light. This translates to a much lower
attenuation of around 0.1 dB

Figure 2.1 fusion splice

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 Fusion splicing produces a reliable joint with low insertion loss and nearly zero back reflection when
done correctly, and thus, is more widely used than mechanical splicing. For example, it’s used in long
high data rate connection lines that, once installed, are unlikely to be modified.
Mechanical Splicing vs. Fusion Splicing
One major reason for choosing a particular method over the other is budget.

Mechanical splicing has a low initial investment but costs more per splice. Whereas the cost per splice
for fusion splicing is lower but the initial investment is much higher, starting at ten times higher than
mechanical splicing, based on performance requirements and features of the fusion splicing machine
used.

Talking about performance, the decision comes down to the project you are working on. As outlined
earlier, fusion splicing produces much lower loss and back reflection than mechanical splicing, so if you
need a permanent joint with minimal attenuation, fusion splicing is the heftier investment you’re
looking at.

Also, fusion splices are generally used with single-mode fiber while mechanical splices work with both
single and multi-mode fiber. (Learn more about types of fiber optic cables and other fiber optic
essentials.

All things considered, mechanical splicing works well only for quick restoration and temporary
connections where a somewhat notable loss is acceptable. Fusion splicing, though costlier, is far more
popular as it provides the lowest insertion loss, back reflection, and the strongest joint between the
fibers.

2.4.5 Weak sex

2.4.6 Disassemble and Assemble Of computer Hardware

Disassemble of Computer Hardware
There are some steps to disassemble the computer Hardware some of those are: -

Step 1 – Unplug your computer and peripheral items Turn off the computer, unplug the power cord and
unplug any peripheral items attached to the computer, such as the keyboard, mouse, monitor,
headphones, and any external drives.

Wear a grounding strap or touch an unpainted metal part of the computer to discharge any static
electricity. If you walk across a carpet at any point, touch an unpainted metal part of the computer again
to discharge the built static electricity.

17
 Figure 2.2 Unplugging Of Computer
Step 2 – Remove side covers

Remove at least one of the side covers, usually the right side as you face the front of the computer. You
might find it easier to access all the parts if you remove both side covers; there are sometimes thumb
screws on the covers to make access easier.

Figure 2.3 Remove Side Cover

Step 3 – Disconnect connectors

Disconnect all the connectors, then remove any card readers and internal DVD players. These are usually
screwed into place.

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 Figure 2.4 Disconnect connectors
Step 4 – Remove standalone fans

Remove any standalone fans. This is a good time to remove any dust, lint, and pet hair from the fans if
you’re planning on reusing them.

Figure 2.5 Disconnect system unit fun

Step 5 – Remove the storage drive

Disconnect the cables and remove the storage drive. Generally, storage drives are held in place
by multiple screws. If you have a hard drive, be gentle when moving the drive as hard bumps can
damage the internal parts.

Figure 2.6 Remove the storage drive

Step 6 – Remove memory (RAM) modules
Remove the memory (RAM) modules by pushing the clips on both ends of the module down.
This will cause the module to pop up for easy removal. Do not touch the gold connectors on the

19
chips if you’re Reu sing the modules. If you're not reusing the RAM, find out how it can be used
in other applications.

Figure 2.7 Remove memory RAM modules

Step 7 – Remove power supply unit
Remove the power supply unit by unplugging the remaining connectors, then unscrewing the
unit from the frame.

Figure 2.8 Remove power supply

Step 8 – Remove motherboard adapter or expansion cards
Remove any adapter or expansion cards from the motherboard. Although these cards usually
slide into preconfigured slots, there can be screws. Do not touch the gold connectors on the cards
if you’re reinstalling the cards.

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 Figure 2.9 Remove mother board adapter

Step 9 – Remove the motherboard

Disconnect all the cables from the motherboard, then unscrew it from the frame by loosening
each screw a little bit before going around again to loosen each screw properly. This prevents
any potential warping of the motherboard by gradually releasing the tension on it.

Figure 2.10 Remove the mother board

All the components should now be out of the computer case. If you’re reusing the case, this is a
good time to get rid of all the dust and lint that might have collected.
Assemble Of Computer Hardware
This set of instructions will help you assemble a basic computer capable of running most modern
software packages encountered by a casual user. Modern computers become more affordable
when users supplement their monetary investment with a few hours of effort. This computer
build will be very basic and will be the minimum hardware necessary to have a functional
system. After you have all of the parts and materials needed, it will take between 2 and 4 hours

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to assemble your computer and you will need to be able to use simple hand tools, such as a
screwdriver and a pair of pliers.

Some steps to assemble computer hardware: -

Step 1-Procuring Parts

Figure 2.11 Procuring Parts

First you will need to buy the parts necessary to build the computer.
1. Processor (CPU)
2. Computer Case
3. Optical Drive (DVD RW and SATA capable)
4. Memory (RAM)
5. Power Supply
6. SATA Cables
7. Motherboard (SATA Capable)
8. Processor Fan
9. Case Fan
10. Hard Drive (SATA Capable)
11. Assortment of case and drive screws (Not Pictured)
12. Flowers (necessary if you are invading the space of your significant other)
Step 2-Gather Tools and Supplies

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Figure 2.12 Tools that are used to assemble computer Hardware

Gather the tools you will need to assemble computer Hardware

 Screwdriver (for slotted and Phillips head screws)
 Wire cutters and strippers
 Needle-nosed pliers
 Utility knife
 Small flashlight

 Adjustable wrench
 Small container to hold screws
 Heat sink compound
 Grounding Strap
Step 3: Open The Case

Figure 2.13 Diagram of The Case

Open the computer case by removing the side panels. Find the screws that hold the side panels in
place and remove them. The panel is removed by first sliding it back then lifting it away from the
case.

STEP 4-: PREPARE THE CASE FOR ASSEMBLY

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Figure 2.14 Prepare the case for assembly

Three things need to be done before assembly begins:

 Remove any parts or packaging materials that may have been shipped inside the case.
 Remove the cover for the optical drive. On our case, we will be removing the cover on
the highest drive bay to mount our DVD drive. Do this by pressing in the retaining tabs.
 Make note of the cables pre-installed in the case. These should be front panel connections
for features such as the power switch, audio jacks and USB ports. If they are not labeled,
consult the manufacturer’s documentation and label them yourself now before other parts
are installed in the case.

Step 5- Ground Your Self

Figure 2.15 Ground Your Self

Put the grounding strap on your wrist and connect the other end to the computer case. If your
strap is not equipped with a clip to hook to the case, find a place to wedge against the metal.
This will prevent any buildup of static electricity on your body from damaging the computer
components.
Step 6 - INSTALL MOTHERBOARD

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DRIVE Figure 2.16 Installing Motherboard

Step 7 - INSTALL HARD DRIVE

Figure 2.17 Installing Hard Drive

The hard drive is the device that stores all of your data. It is 3.5" wide and needs to be
mounted so that you can gain access to the cable connections on the back. If that is not
possible you may need to connect cables before you install the drive.
Step 8 - INSTALL OPTICAL DRIVE

Figure 2.18 Installing Optical Drive

The optical drive is 5.25" wide and is installed in the drive bay that we removed the cover
from in a previous step. Cable access considerations apply to this drive also.
Step 9 - Install The CPU

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Figure 2.19 Installing The CPU
The CPU is the brain of the computer. It is installed on the motherboard in the socket.
Step 10- INSTALL RAM

Figure 2.20 Installing The RAM

The RAM is the temporary memory location that the processor works from. Permanently
stored data is pulled from disks and stored in RAM while the processor works with it.
Step 12- Install Case Fan

Figure 2.21 Installing Case Fan

The case fan is usually installed on the back panel of the case. If the fan mount is not obvious consult the
case documentation.

Step 13- INSTALL POWER SUPPLY

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 Figure 2.22 Installing power Supply
Step 14- CONNECT CABLES

Figure 2.23 connecting cables

With all of the components installed in the case, the jungle of wires can be daunting. It is important to
consult the motherboard manual in order to make sure proper connections are made.

Chapter Three

Analysis

3 Introduction
Here in this section, we are going to describe the whole experience that we have acquired throughout
out internship period. As well how the real-world environment looks like as compared to the experience
we have get when we were in the university throughout our university.

3.1 Internship work experience

In the internship program we have gained a lot of things in different perspectives such as technical
and personal perspective.

3.1.1 Technical Experience

Technically we have gained much practical knowledge throughout our internship period, as we were
in the networking section, we have seen many networks equipment’s such as.

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  Switches.

 Gateway

 Routers.

 Access points.

 Fiber optics splicer.

 Network cable crimping tools.

 Repeater hub

 Warless access point

 Structured cabling

Here we have seen how to prepare the network CAT5e cable using the color coding, cabling the
devices using the cable what we have prepared there. As well we have seen how to configure the
network, as well we have seen the well-designed data center room. Generally, here we have seen the
networking concepts practically with doing it.

3.1.2 non-technical experience

In borena werda Ict center ICT Development office we have been introduced with the employees and
also with other intern ICT directories from other offices being there in the ICT center we have gain many
technical things in addition to technical skill that have been stated before. Since we were doing together
with other members. Some technical skill we have gained there in the internship

Communication

Communication skills allow you to share information effectively with others. Many employers seek
candidates with strong written and verbal communication skills, and it's important for you to be able to
communicate through different ways, such as online, in person or on the phone, and with different
channels, such as through email or instant messaging. Communication skills can help create better work
because they reduce the risk of miscommunication or missed information.

Cooperation

Cooperation refers to your ability to work as a team. This involves completing your own individual
tasks or goals to contribute to achieving a common goal, and this may require making compromises with
others and giving and receiving feedback. Cooperation skills are also important for working with clients
and help prepare you to handle a variety of situations.

Organization

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 Organizational skills help you create and maintain an orderly workspace and develop processes that
allow you to complete your work efficiently. This may involve finding ways to most effectively use your
resources or developing and implementing strategies that foster success. Organizational skills often help
ensure you complete work in a timely manner to avoid missing deadlines.

Time management

Time-management skills reflect how you structure your workday and use your time. Strong time-
management skills may help you avoid procrastination to ensure you consistently meet your deadlines.
Consider exploring different tools or organizational resources to help you manage your time effectively.

Prioritization

Prioritization refers to how well you determine what your most important tasks are. This involves
distinguishing your highest priority tasks are from those that can wait to be completed. Prioritization
skills also reflect your ability to maintain focus on broad goals without compromising short-term tasks
that may require your attention.

Enthusiasm

Enthusiasm refers to your excitement about the specific job or your desired industry. Hiring managers
often look for candidates who are excited to participate in their company culture and invest in the
organization and its growth. Demonstrating your enthusiasm may involve emphasizing your genuine
desire to join the company or to learn more about the industry to better develop your technical skills.

3.1.3 Learning area of interest in computing

In the Computer and Information Technology Field of Interest, you can explore careers in gaming,
programming, technology support, web design and development, cybersecurity, application
development, networking, artificial intelligence and Internet of things.

Chapter Four

Skill

4. Introduction
This internship very important for developing knowledge and gather deferent understanding about
network. but so many challenge for example: - Material scarcity. For example, switch, trunk, cable etc.

Meeting is big problem. Quality of tools.

4.1 Personal challenges

The borena werda Ict center system administer was build a long time ago but there are some
problems that I see at the time of our field practice.

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These are: -

 Material scarcity. For example, switch, trunk, cable etc.

 Meeting is big problem.

 Quality of tools.

 There is also lack of computer In the organization

 Wi-Fi service is poor

 Power outage

Measures in order to solve the problem

When I left for the internship, although the Wi-Fi service was poor, I tried to solve the
problem by using mobile data. The borena werda Ict center has managed to alleviate the problem
by using generator as an alternative source of electricity despite the power outage. Another is
because they usually have meetings and when they gather, I repeat what they have shown me and
increase our understanding.
Borena werda Ict center ICT technicial has been lacking some materials even though it has
been established for many years. So, the network specialist of ICT technicail helped me to learn
by contacting other organizations that have materials that they do not have.

4.2 Over All Benefits from internships

 Improving practical skills
 In terms of improving practical skill
The main advantage from this internship is in terms of improving over practical skill. Since as
I was not experienced in practical skills starting from observing the overall the conditions’ have
been learning theoretically up to this level but this internship has offered me to see what the
practical work looks like.
Some of the practical skills that I was gained during the Internship program where general
office works as preparation of take of sheet, reading manuals. I have practically understood what
office means. From this condition many examples of practical skills that you can use in the
workplace Digital literacy this skill involves using computers and technology. You might require
digital literacy skill to work in a company that uses digital technology such as mobile devices,
social media platform and the internet, to communicate or store and convey information.
This skill enables you to manipulate, create and manage information. Digital literacy skill
softens develop with new technologies, updates and application, so it’s essential to familiarize
yourself and keep up to data with programs like spreadsheets and word processors.
upgrading the theoretical knowledge

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 I able to understand what I have learnt in the class theoretically by supporting practically;
My understanding of the theoretical knowledge is increased after I do what practically by seeing
and touching what I have been learn in the class.
I clearly improve our theoretical knowledge since I do what I hear then change it to what I see
and touch etc.

4.3. In terms of improving interpersonal communication skill

It is very vital in communication world. Due to the job character, it is must to meet different
personnel. For successful accomplishment of tasks good communication is obligatory. Good
communication is significant for anyone who is at work site to gain the required benefits. I got
following benefits due to communication skills. Get information about each work piece.
Understand the behavior of the worker. Know the worker honesty on their work. In addition, if I
ask something new for me the company advisor is very willing to explain it in detail.
Overall benefits your internship gained from the (Overall internship Experience) we have got
many experiences from this Internship program. There are a lot of things that are difficult to
understand theoretically. So, the internship program helped me to do practically those difficult
things that are theoretically.

Team playing
I benefited from working with another person who went for internship. Working in a team is
very important for all members of the team. Because there is a transfer of knowledge. In terms of
improving team playing skill are: - It taught me to be flexible when making decisions He
explained to me that it is important to discuss the work with a member of my team Also, since
different team members have different skills in different jobs, it has helped me to increase my
knowledge.
In general, it has helped me to avoid my weaknesses and has given me an understanding of how
to improve. Furthermore, it has taught me what my strengths are and how to maintain them.

4.4. In terms of improving leadership skill

Leadership is the responsibility which given to someone to put work flow on the right way.
Leader is as a driver he has to live for another person not for only himself. As a leadership I
gained the following benefits.
Lead the worker in good manner. Considering as a responsible and accountable person.
Motivation and encouragement should be given to the followers to do more. Participate practical
with the worker. Make them to respect the work. Some basic points that I pointed out about
leadership skills are: - The leaders shall tolerate differences and find alternative methods.

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 The leaders should have proper plan and schedule for different activities. Otherwise, it is
difficult to achieve the goal. The leader should have to consult his groups about work tasks, work
schedule and challenges.

4.5 Understanding work ethics issues

The term Ethics can be defined as the moral principles that control or influence a person’s
behavior. During the two months internship program, I Understand work ethics by understanding
the following issues:

 Respecting the work time (punctuality)

 Respect the rule and regulation of the organization
 Perform all activities sensitively (ready to do all tasks)
 Being honest by a person every time
 Being active participant on that work
 Act in the public interest
 Act in the best interests of client and employer
 Be fair to and supportive of our colleagues
 Participate in lifelong learning, and promote ethical behavior, in practice
 Ensure products meet the highest professional standards
 Promise to encourage ethical management and etc.

4.6 Entrepreneurship skills

This internship period certainly helps me to have strong technology skills or expertise
in a key area, the key qualities are traits such as creativity, the ability to keep going in
the face of hardship, and the social skills needed to build great teams.
This internship is the way to find work after graduation. It aims to facilities the students to
create their own work area. Adapt In terms of entrepreneurship skill I have improved the
following skills
Critical and creative thinking skills.
Facing different problems and come up with new solution
Team working with cooperation and the like.

4.7 Conclusion!@

This practical attachment is what we have done for 17 days which is an attractive work and
intelligence activity for professional field of our work.

This Practical attachment is also key for practicing the real-world problems in our field. We have got
skills on basics of network design and installation which we have learnt in class room briefly in theory.

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Also, we have got other working experiences rather than the knowledge of networking like work ethics,
punctuality and communication and integration in work place with other employees.

4.7 Recommendation for item of future

1. Carefully follow the explanation given before leaving
2. Develop the ability to communicate with people in a short time
3. Follow up where we left and ask to enter
4. Write and understand the work report from the bottom up

4.8 Recommendation for the organization

 If you provide enough equipment and give practical lessons along with the theory
 If the appointed advisor goes to the place and gives reinforcement

4.9 Recommendation
I can recommend what I have seen in summer internship there are a lot of problems and challenges
were happening for performing effective works like communication between staff workers and me,
capability of changing theoretical knowledge to real world application, lack of know network resource.

I interested to recommends to our department student’s to be able to fast to understand for new
things, be confidential for their work wisely and precisely, be able to understand each course
effectively, be able to develop wise use of time, the department also provide comfortable learning
teaching situation for the student like making awareness about network materials and required tools in
computer science and IT to get enough knowledge and skills for network installation and configuration.

4.10 Recommendation for the ICT Center

I learn most course only theoretically but in order to apply practical work, need detail practice in our
ICT practice class. Therefore, in the future our ICT Center must fulfill lablatory materials.

And develop skill full learning both theoretically and practically method for the future

Reference
Based on background knowledge and understanding

I asked question for ICT technicain and Gather information about networking

Individually I study about deferent material

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