Cambridge IGCSE™

DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY 0445/12

Paper 1 Product Design October/November 2021
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 50

Published

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.

Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2021 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level
components.

This document consists of 10 printed pages.

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Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers.
They should be applied alongside the specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors
for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit
is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme,
referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these
features are specifically assessed by the question as indicated by the mark scheme. The
meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed
instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question
(however; the use of the full mark range may be limited according to the quality of the candidate
responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should
not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors in mind.

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Performance description tables

Each question contains some marks which are awarded using the following performance description
tables.

Communication of ideas

Mark Performance description

5–6 Ideas are communicated with precision and clarity through the use of
sketches/accurate drawings and reasoned annotations linked to most of the
requirements.

Part (c) 3–4 Ideas are displayed with some clarity through sketches/clear drawings supported
by annotations referring to some of the requirements.

1–2 Simple sketches/drawings and limited annotations show little understanding of

the requirements.

0 No creditable response.

Suitable designs

Mark Performance description

5–6 Creative solutions which fully meet the requirements. Designs showing most
aspects of construction detail.

3–4 Sensible solutions that mostly meet the requirements. Designs with moderate
Part (c)
construction detail.

1–2 Solutions do not meet many of the requirements. Simplistic designs with little
construction detail.

0 No creditable response

Quality of drawing

Mark Performance description

4 High standard of line quality, use of colour and proportions. Appropriate

techniques used that show clearly all detail.
Part (e)
2–3 Good line quality, use of colour and proportions. Most of the detail presented.

1 Poor line quality and proportions. Little detail presented.

0 No creditable response.

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Construction details

Mark Performance Description

5–6 All construction detail clear with good annotations and/or additional detail
drawings as necessary.
Part (e)
3–4 Most construction may be obvious from overall views or with some annotation.

1–2 A simplistic design; little or no detail of construction used.

0 No creditable response.

Guidance on using the performance description tables

Marking should be positive, rewarding achievement where possible but clearly differentiating across
the whole range of marks available.

In approaching the assessment process, examiners should look at the work and then make a ‘best fit’
judgement as to which level statement it fits. In practice the work does not always match one level
statement precisely so a judgement may need to be made between two or more level statements.

Once a ‘best fit’ level statement has been identified the following guide should be used to decide on a
specific mark:

• Where the candidate’s work convincingly meets the level statement, the highest mark should be
awarded
• Where the candidate’s work adequately meets the level statement, the most appropriate mark in
the middle of the range should be awarded
• Where the candidate’s work just meets the level statement, the lowest mark should be awarded

Candidates answer one question, either 1 or 2 or 3.

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

1(a) Accept any four additional 4 Each specification point – 1 mark

specification points – adjustable to No repeats from question – desktop
any angle, easy to move around, stand, supported at an angle, hold a
mobile phone does not fall out, does mobile phone, folds flat.
not scratch the mobile phone, allows
button to be pressed when stand is in Only accept unqualified answers
use, smooth edges, does not obscure (even if only word) if relevant to this
speaker, screen, power cables, specific design problem, not generic
buttons ... must not slip, adjustable, answers such as safe, lightweight,
stable. [1 × 4] strong, nice ...
Any other valid response

1(b) Accept drawings of any two methods 4 Maximum of 2 marks for each
of supporting an object – articulated drawing:
stand, easel style, picture frame style, Method (named or notes describe) –
blocks of materials shaped at an 1 mark
angle. Clear drawing – 1 mark
Innovative methods of supporting an Any other valid response
object. [2 × 2]

1(c) Any three suitable ideas. 12 At least three different ideas for
maximum marks. Pro rata if fewer.
Award up to 6 marks for
communication of ideas using the
‘Communication of ideas’ table.

Award up to 6 marks for suitable

designs using the ‘Suitable designs’
table.

1(d) Award up to 6 marks for evaluation 8 Simple description or repeats of same

of the ideas: points for each idea not rewarded.
Specific not generic justification.
Evaluation [2 × 3] Award maximum marks if only either
e.g. Advantage + disadvantage advantage or disadvantage given for
explained for each idea each as long as includes
sophisticated reasoning.
Selection [1]

Justification – not single words, or

generic terms such as the best,
meets the specification or most
suitable. [1]

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

1(e) Award up to 4 marks for quality of 12 Additional detail dimensions might

drawing using the ‘Quality of show thickness of materials,
drawing’ table. diameters, etc.

Award up to 2 marks for

dimensions:

2 or 3 overall dimensions only –

1 mark
Additional detail dimensions – 1 mark

Award up to 6 marks for

construction detail using the
‘Construction details’ table.

1(f) Accept any two suitable specific 4 Each suitable specific material –
materials. [1 × 2] 1 mark
Generic terms such as wood, metal,
Accept any appropriate reason for plastic not accepted.
choice of each material [1 × 2] Appropriate reason for each material
– 1 mark
Materials must be appropriate for the
design shown in (e)

1(g) Accept any suitable manufacturing 1 Process must be appropriate for

process or evidence of an appropriate design in (e).
sequence of making. [1 × 1]

Award up to 3 marks for description 3 Detailed description for 3 marks

of process.

Award up to 2 marks for names of 2 Basic marking out tools, such as

tools, equipment or machines pencil or rule, or just drawings of
used. tools/equipment = 1 mark only

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

OR

2(a) Accept any four additional 4 Each specification point – 1 mark

specification points – displays mobile No repeats from question – novel
phone, identifies different features of packaging, called ‘anywhere in the
the mobile phone, protects the mobile world’, for a new mobile phone,
phone, easy to gain access to reflects the name.
package, recyclable, attractive, allow
contents of package to be seen. Only accept unqualified answers
[1 × 4] (even if only word) if relevant to this
specific design problem, not generic
answers such as safe, strong,
portable, lightweight, nice ...
Any other valid response

2(b) Accept drawings of any two methods 4 Maximum of 2 marks for each
– use of plastic sheet insert, various drawing:
methods identified for example Methods (named or notes describe) –
window or plastic sheet as integral 1 mark
part of packaging, articulated Clear drawing – 1 mark
package which reveals the phone, Any other valid response
opening/‘cutouts’ [2 × 2]

2(c) Any three suitable ideas. 12 At least three different ideas for
maximum marks. Pro rata if fewer.
Award up to 6 marks for
communication of ideas using the
‘Communication of ideas’ table.

Award up to 6 marks for suitable

designs using the ‘Suitable designs’
table.

2(d) Award up to 6 marks for evaluation 8 Simple description or repeats of same

of the ideas: points for each idea not rewarded.
Specific not generic justification.
Evaluation [2 × 3] Award maximum marks if only either
e.g. Advantage + disadvantage advantage or disadvantage given for
explained for each idea each as long as includes
sophisticated reasoning.
Selection [1]

Justification – not single words, or

generic terms such as the best,
meets the specification or most
suitable. [1]

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

2(e) Award up to 4 marks for quality of 12 Additional detail dimensions might

drawing using the ‘Quality of show thickness of materials,
drawing’ table. diameters, etc.

Award up to 2 marks for

dimensions:

2 or 3 overall dimensions only –

1 mark
Additional detail dimensions – 1 mark

Award up to 6 marks for

construction detail using the
‘Construction details’ table.

2(f) Accept any two suitable specific 4 Each suitable specific material –
materials. [1 × 2] 1 mark
Generic terms such as wood, metal,
Accept any appropriate reason for plastic not accepted.
choice of each material [1 × 2] Appropriate reason for each material
– 1 mark
Materials must be appropriate for the
design shown in (e)

2(g) Accept any suitable manufacturing 1 Process must be appropriate for

process or evidence of an appropriate design in (e).
sequence of making. [1 × 1]

Award up to 3 marks for description 3 Detailed description for 3 marks

of process.

Award up to 2 marks for names of 2 Basic marking out tools, such as

tools, equipment or machines pencil or rule, or just drawings of
used. tools/equipment = 1 mark only

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

OR

3(a) Accept any four additional 4 Each specification point – 1 mark

specification points – avoids vibration No repeats from question – used by a
when videoing, protect from cyclist, video a journey, attaches to a
sun/weather, allow buttons etc to be bicycle, holds a mobile phone
accessed, mustn’t rust or deteriorate securely, can be adjusted to different
in weather, locked in position, angles
weatherproof, lightweight,
aerodynamic, robust. [1 × 4] Only accept unqualified answers
(even if only word) if relevant to this
specific design problem, not generic
answers such as safe, strong, nice ...
Any other valid response

3(b) Accept drawings of any two ideas, 4 Maximum of 2 marks for each
including circular clamp, use of wing drawing:
nuts, nuts and bolts, jubilee clips, Method (named or notes describe) –
cable ties, lever locking system, 1 mark
straps, Velcro, end of handlebars, Clear drawing – 1 mark
front forks or other idea. [2 × 2] Any other valid response

3(c) Any three suitable ideas. 12 At least three different ideas for
maximum marks. Pro rata if fewer.
Award up to 6 marks for
communication of ideas using the
‘Communication of ideas’ table.

Award up to 6 marks for suitable

designs using the ‘Suitable designs’
table.

3(d) Award up to 6 marks for evaluation 8 Simple description or repeats of same

of the ideas: points for each idea not rewarded.
Specific not generic justification.
Evaluation [2 × 3] Award maximum marks if only either
e.g. Advantage + disadvantage advantage or disadvantage given for
explained for each idea each as long as includes
sophisticated reasoning.
Selection [1]

Justification – not single words, or

generic terms such as the best,
meets the specification or most
suitable. [1]

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

3(e) Award up to 4 marks for quality of 12 Additional detail dimensions might

drawing using the ‘Quality of show thickness of materials,
drawing’ table. diameters, etc.

Award up to 2 marks for

dimensions:

2 or 3 overall dimensions only –

1 mark
Additional detail dimensions – 1 mark

Award up to 6 marks for

construction detail using the
‘Construction details’ table.

3(f) Accept any two suitable specific 4 Each suitable specific material –
materials. [1 × 2] 1 mark
Generic terms such as wood, metal,
Accept any appropriate reason for plastic not accepted.
choice of each material [1 × 2] Appropriate reason for each material
– 1 mark
Materials must be appropriate for the
design shown in (e)

3(g) Accept any suitable manufacturing 1 Process must be appropriate for

process or evidence of an appropriate design in (e).
sequence of making. [1 × 1]

Award up to 3 marks for description 3 Detailed description for 3 marks

of process.

Award up to 2 marks for names of 2 Basic marking out tools, such as

tools, equipment or machines pencil or rule, or just drawings of
used. tools/equipment = 1 mark only

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