Cambridge IGCSE™

DESIGN & TECHNOLOGY 0445/11

Paper 1 Product Design October/November 2023
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 50

Published

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.

Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2023 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International A and AS Level components, and some Cambridge O Level
components.

This document consists of 10 printed pages.

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Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers.
They should be applied alongside the specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors
for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit
is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme,
referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these
features are specifically assessed by the question as indicated by the mark scheme. The
meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed
instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question
(however; the use of the full mark range may be limited according to the quality of the candidate
responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should
not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors in mind.

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Performance description tables

Each question contains some marks which are awarded using the following performance description
tables.

Part (c)

Communication of ideas Suitable designs

Mark Performance description Mark Performance description

5–6 Ideas are communicated with precision 5–6 Creative solutions which fully meet the
and clarity through the use of accurate requirements. Designs showing most
drawings and reasoned annotations aspects of construction detail.
linked to most of the requirements.

3–4 Ideas are displayed with some clarity 3–4 Sensible solutions that mostly meet the
through clear drawings supported by requirements. Designs with moderate
annotations referring to some of the construction detail.
requirements.

1–2 Simple drawings and limited 1–2 Solutions do not meet many of the
annotations show little understanding of requirements. Simplistic designs with
the requirements. little construction detail.

0 No creditable response. 0 No creditable response

Part (e)

Quality of drawing Construction details

Mark Performance description Mark Performance Description

4 High standard of line quality, use of 5–6 All construction detail clear with good
colour and proportions. Appropriate annotations and/or additional detail
techniques used that show clearly all drawings as necessary.
detail.

2–3 Good line quality, use of colour and 3–4 Most construction may be obvious from
proportions. Most of the detail overall views or with some annotation.
presented.

1 Poor line quality and proportions. Little 1–2 A simplistic design; little or no detail of
detail presented. construction used.

0 No creditable response. 0 No creditable response.

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Guidance on using the performance description tables

Marking should be positive, rewarding achievement where possible but clearly differentiating across
the whole range of marks available.

In approaching the assessment process, examiners should look at the work and then make a ‘best fit’
judgement as to which level statement it fits. In practice the work does not always match one level
statement precisely so a judgement may need to be made between two or more level statements.

Once a ‘best fit’ level statement has been identified the following guide should be used to decide on a
specific mark:

• Where the candidate’s work convincingly meets the level statement, the highest mark should be
awarded
• Where the candidate’s work adequately meets the level statement, the most appropriate mark in
the middle of the range should be awarded
• Where the candidate’s work just meets the level statement, the lowest mark should be awarded.

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Candidates answer one question, either 1 or 2 or 3.

Question Answer Marks Guidance

1(a) Accept any four additional 4 Each specification point – 1 mark

specification points – ease of use by No repeats from question – help
a small child, safety aspects like reach a bathroom sink, safely reach a
non-slip surface, ease of folding sink, freestanding device collapsible
away/fitting into smaller areas, or easy to store.
methods of collapsing, attractive
features for a child, water/moisture Only accept unqualified or one/
resistant. [14] two-word answers if relevant to this
specific design problem such as
hygienic, cleanable, waterproof, water
resistant, washable, stable/stability,
hold child’s weight, colourful,
lightweight ...

Do not accept generic one-word

answers such as safe, aesthetically
pleasing, nice, cheap, strong ...

Any other valid response

1(b) Accept drawings of any two methods 4 Maximum of 2 marks for each
of folding/collapsing the device with drawing:
use of linkages, telescopic sections, Appropriate method – 1 mark
hinged pieces which can fold down, Clear drawing of an appropriate
parts which can slot together, knock method – 1 mark
down fittings. [22]
Any other valid response

1(c) Any three suitable ideas. 12 At least three different ideas for
maximum marks. Pro rata if fewer.
Award up to 6 marks for
communication of ideas using the
‘Communication of ideas’ table.

Award up to 6 marks for suitable

designs using the ‘Suitable designs’
table.

1(d) Award up to 6 marks for evaluation 8 Simple repeats of same points for
of the ideas: each idea not rewarded.

Evaluation [23] Specific not generic justification.

e.g. Advantage + disadvantage
explained for each idea Award maximum marks if only either
advantage or disadvantage given for
Selection [1] each as long as includes
Justification [1] sophisticated reasoning.

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

1(e) Award up to 4 marks for quality of 12 Additional detail dimensions might

drawing using the ‘Quality of show thickness of materials,
drawing’ table. diameters, etc.

Award up to 2 marks for

dimensions:

2 or 3 overall dimensions only –

1 mark
Additional detail dimensions – 1 mark

Award up to 6 marks for

construction detail using the
‘Construction details’ table.

1(f) Accept any two suitable specific 4 Each suitable specific material –
materials. [12] 1 mark

Accept any appropriate reason for Generic terms such as wood, metal,
choice of each material [12] plastic not accepted.

Appropriate reason for each material

– 1 mark
Materials must be appropriate for the
design shown in (e)

1(g) Accept any suitable manufacturing 6 Process must be appropriate for

process. [11] design in (e).

Award up to 3 marks for description Detailed description for 3 marks

of process.
Basic marking out tools, such as
Award up to 2 marks for names of pencil or rule, or just drawings of
tools used. tools/equipment = 1 mark only

Do not accept materials or resources

such as mild steel, Araldite, screws ...

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

OR

2(a) Accept any four additional 4 Each specification point – 1 mark

specification points – use of colour to No repeats from question – remind
attract children, images used to children to clean teeth, made from
encourage children, use of waterproof lightweight materials, record/display
materials, methods of fixing when they have cleaned their teeth,
somewhere in a bathroom, methods engaging or record days of the week.
of writing or recording onto the
device. [14] Only accept unqualified or one/two-
word answers if relevant to this
specific design problem such as
water resistant, cleanable,
aesthetically appealing, colourful,
recyclable ...

Do not accept generic one-word

answers such as strong, safe, ...

Any other valid response

2(b) Accept drawings of any two methods 4 Maximum of 2 marks for each
of recording onto the device. e.g. drawing:
magnetic pieces, stickers, drywipe Method – 1 mark
polymer with detachable pen, Clear drawing of appropriate way –
notepad and pen, sliding pieces, 1 mark
Velcro pieces, pictograms on labels,
flip charts, accept tally charts, Any other valid response
electronic solutions [22]

2(c) Any three suitable ideas. 12 At least three different ideas for
maximum marks. Pro rata if fewer.
Award up to 6 marks for
communication of ideas using the
‘Communication of ideas’ table.

Award up to 6 marks for suitable

designs using the ‘Suitable designs’
table.

2(d) Award up to 6 marks for evaluation 8 Simple repeats of same points for
of the ideas: each idea not rewarded.

Evaluation [23] Specific not generic justification.

e.g. Advantage + disadvantage
explained for each idea Award maximum marks if only either
advantage or disadvantage given for
Selection [1] each as long as includes
Justification [1] sophisticated reasoning.

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

2(e) Award up to 4 marks for quality of 12 Additional detail dimensions might

drawing using the ‘Quality of show thickness of materials,
drawing’ table. diameters, etc.

Award up to 2 marks for

dimensions:

2 or 3 overall dimensions only –

1 mark
Additional detail dimensions – 1 mark

Award up to 6 marks for

construction detail using the
‘Construction details’ table.

2(f) Accept any two suitable specific 4 Each suitable specific material –
materials. [12] 1 mark

Accept any appropriate reason for Generic terms such as wood, metal,
choice of each material [12] plastic not accepted.

Appropriate reason for each material

– 1 mark
Materials must be appropriate for the
design shown in (e)

2(g) Accept any suitable manufacturing 6 Process must be appropriate for

process. [11] design in (e).

Award up to 3 marks for description Detailed description for 3 marks

of process.
Basic marking out tools, such as
Award up to 2 marks for names of pencil or rule, or just drawings of
tools used. tools/equipment = 1 mark only

Do not accept materials or resources

such as mild steel, Araldite, screws ...

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

OR

3(a) Accept any four additional 4 Each specification point – 1 mark

specification points – method of No repeats from question – limit the
timing, method of alerting user, ability time spent in a shower, reduce water
to adjust the timing, waterproof usage, good for the environment/
materials, fixing somewhere in the planet, indicates the amount of time
bathroom, visual time display. [14] spent in the shower or sound an alert
after a period of time has elapsed.

Only accept unqualified or one/

two-word answers if relevant to this
specific design problem such as
waterproof, heatproof, hygienic,
cleanable, compact ...

Do not accept generic one-word

answers such as strong, nice,
aesthetically pleasing, won’t break
easily ...

Any other valid response

3(b) Accept drawings of any two methods 4 Maximum of 2 marks for each
of audible or visual alert eg. Buzzer, drawing:
bell, flashing lights, LED’s, flags, Method – 1 mark
counters, egg timer, sand timer, Clear drawing of an appropriate
windup mechanism with bell, water method – 1 mark
timer [22]
Any other valid response

3(c) Any three suitable ideas. 12 At least three different ideas for
maximum marks. Pro rata if fewer.
Award up to 6 marks for
communication of ideas using the
‘Communication of ideas’ table.

Award up to 6 marks for suitable

designs using the ‘Suitable designs’
table.

3(d) Award up to 6 marks for evaluation 8 Simple repeats of same points for
of the ideas: each idea not rewarded.

Evaluation [23] Specific not generic justification.

e.g. Advantage + disadvantage
explained for each idea Award maximum marks if only either
advantage or disadvantage given for
Selection [1] each as long as includes
Justification [1] sophisticated reasoning.

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

3(e) Award up to 4 marks for quality of 12 Additional detail dimensions might

drawing using the ‘Quality of show thickness of materials,
drawing’ table. diameters, etc.

Award up to 2 marks for

dimensions:

2 or 3 overall dimensions only –

1 mark
Additional detail dimensions – 1 mark

Award up to 6 marks for

construction detail using the
‘Construction details’ table.

3(f) Accept any two suitable specific 4 Each suitable specific material –
materials. [12] 1 mark

Accept any appropriate reason for Generic terms such as wood, metal,
choice of each material [12] plastic not accepted.

Appropriate reason for each material

– 1 mark
Materials must be appropriate for the
design shown in (e)

3(g) Accept any suitable manufacturing 132 Process must be appropriate for
process. [11] design in (e).

Award up to 3 marks for description Detailed description for 3 marks

of process.
Basic marking out tools, such as
Award up to 2 marks for names of pencil or rule, or just drawings of
tools used. tools/equipment = 1 mark only

Do not accept materials or resources

such as mild steel, Araldite, screws ...

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