Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion

LESSON 01: NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH

RESEARCH

★ Artistic way of getting intellectual truth

★ Process of gathering data

★ Systematic or scientific method

★ Confirmation of existing theories

★ Objective inquiry

★ Extensive experimentation

★ Critical investigation

★ A scientific investigation in gathering data

★ “Research is a systematic process of gathering intellectual data using inquiry, experimentation and
investigation”

TYPES OF RESEARCH ACCORDING TO PURPOSE

1. Basic Research

● The research which is done for knowledge enhancement.

● The research that does not have immediate commercial potential.

● The research which is done for the human welfare,

animal welfare and plant kingdom welfare.

● The main motivation is to expand man’s knowledge.

● It is also called pure and fundamental research.

2. Applied Research

● Also known as Action Research.

● A research designed to solve practical problems of the modern world, rather than to acquire
knowledge for knowledge's sake.

● It improves the human condition.

TYPES OF RESEARCH ACCORDING TO STRUCTURE

• Qualitative Research

● Difficult to quantify.

● Qualitative Research is simply exploratory research.

It is used to acquire an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It provides

insights into the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative research.

• Quantitative Research

● An empirical investigation or a phenomenon via statistical mathematical and computational

techniques.

● Quantitative Research is used to quantify the problem by way of generating numerical data or data
that can be transformed into usable statistics. It is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and
other defined variables – and generalize results from a larger sample population.

● Quantitative data collection methods include various forms of surveys – online surveys, paper surveys,
mobile surveys and kiosk surveys, face to face interviews, telephone interviews, longitudinal studies,
website interceptors, online polls, and systematic observations.
LESSON 02: NATURE AND CONCEPT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

RESEARCH

1. What is the main idea of my paper?

2. What specific ideas am I trying to describe or prove?

3. What academic discipline does my topic fit into?

4. What specific aspect of the topic do I wish to consider?

RESEARCH PROBLEM

Research Problem – a statement about an area of concern, a condition to be improved, a difficulty to be

eliminated, or a troubling question that exists in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice that points
to the need for meaningful understanding and deliberate investigation.

1. Should be existing current/recent issue

2. Availability of data

3. Significant and relevant to the field

4. Timely

5. No legal/ethical impediments
LESSON 3: THE RESEARCH PROBLEM: FORMULATING A RESEARCH PROBLEM

RESEARCH PROBLEM

1. The need to communicate what will be studied in clear, concise, and unambiguous terms.

2. One or more sentences indicating the goal, purpose, or overall direction of the study.

3. General characteristics

• Implies the possibility of empirical investigations.

• Identifies a need for a research.

• Provides focus.

• Provides a concise overview of the research

WAYS OF STATING THE PROBLEM

1. Research problems typically a general overview of the problem with just enough information about
the scope and purpose of the study to provide an initial understanding of the research.

2. Research statements and/or questions, more specific, focused statements and questions that
communicate in greater detail the nature of the study.

RESEARCHABLE AND NON-RESEARCHABLE PROBLEM

1. Researchable problems imply the possibilities of empirical investigation.

2. Non-researchable problems include explanations of how to do something, vague propositions, and

value-based concerns

VARIABLES

“changing or characteristics” of persons or things like age, gender, intelligence, ideas, achievements,
confidence, and so on that are involved in your research study.

TYPES OF VARIABLES

Independent and Dependent Variables

• Independent Variables are those variables that the researcher purposely manipulates.
• Dependent Variable is a response or behavior that is measured. It is desired that changes in the
Dependent Variable are directly related manipulation of the Independent Variable.
Lesson 04: NATURE AND CONCEPT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

5 CHAPTERS OF A RESEARCH PAPER

• CHAPTER I - The Problem and its Background

• CHAPTER II - Review of the Related Literature and Studies
• CHAPTER III - Research Methodology
• CHAPTER IV - Presentation, Interpretation, Analysis of Data
• CHAPTER V - Summary, Findings and Conclusions

Parts of Chapter I

✓ Introduction

• Overview or the macro-view of what the research will be about

• The part which includes the Importance of the study

• Focus of the study

• Purpose of the study

• Presentation of the problem

• Rationale

• Legal, ethical, philosophical, and psychosocial framework basis

✓ Background of the Study

• A discussion on the setting of the problem, the previous efforts taken to solve related problems, and
the rationale underlying the choice of a particular area of investigation.

• The historical account of the development of the problem.

• Observed problems or issues.

✓ Theoretical Framework

• Theory - Upon which the study is based. It is the idea or set of ideas that tend to explain facts or
events.

• These are drawn from the review of the related literature and studies. It classifies the relationship
between and among the major variables of the study.

• It includes theories cited by the authorities regarding a topic and an explanation on how these theories
apply to a study.
 ✓ Conceptual Framework

• A tool that the researchers use to guide their inquiry.

• A concept, illustration, or diagram used by the researcher to present the ideas of the study and show
the relationship between the variables.

✓ Statement of the Problem

• Contains the need for undertaking the research project followed by the detailed set of objectives.

• Objectives- address the purpose of the project/paper.CHAPTER I

✓ Hypothesis

• Hypothesis are tentative statements about a given problem which serves as a tentative answer to one
or more of the research question and are subjected to statistical test.

• Ho- Null- No relationship/difference exist

• Ha – Alternative- There’s a significant relationship/difference

✓ Scope and Delimitations of the Study

• Scope- it defines the exact boundaries of the investigation as they relate to the nature of information
necessary for the study and the feasibility of obtaining them.

• Limitations- also known as the “bound”. It is the part that explains where you drew the line on doing
any further research.

✓ Significance of the Study

• This indicates the need of the study and its possible applications and utilizations.

✓ Definition of Terms

• This part includes conceptual and operational definitions of important terms as used in the study.