Salt Analysis Procedure For 6 Salts
Salt Analysis Procedure For 6 Salts
Preparation of sodium carbonate extract :Take 1 g of salt in a porcelain dish or boiling tube. Mix about 3 g of s
water to it. Stir and boil the content for about 10 minutes. Cool, filter and collect the filtrate in a test tube and
2. Heat the test tube and pass the red vapours evolved
into the gas test tube containing NaOH solution.
3.To the yellow solution thus obtained, add dil. CH 3COOH
and lead acetate solution
salt taken in a test tube, add NaOH solution and heat the
contents.
Bring a glass rod dipped in dil. HCl near the mouth of the
test tube.
Nessler’s Reagent test:When the gas evolved in the
above test is passed through Nessler's reagent taken in a
test tube.
Result:
THE GIVEN SALT CONTAINS
ACIDIC RADICAL: Cl-
Basic radical:NH4 +
Salt :NH4Cl
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA,CECRI CAMPUS,KARAIKUDI
SALT ANALYSIS-AMMONIUM CHLORIDE (NH4Cl)
IDENTIFICATION OF ACID RADICALS
Observation Inference
White May be Cu2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Fe3+ and Co2+ etc are absent.
Ammoniacal smell May be NH4+
Colourless gas with pungent smell, gives
The gas evolved is HCl. Cl- may be present.
white fumes with ammonia.
no characteristic coloured flame absence of Ca2+ Sr2+ Ba2+ Cu2+ Zn2+ or Mn2+ Pb2+
No characteristic gas is evolved. CO32-, SO32-, S2-, NO2- etc may be absent.
Colourless gas with pungent smell, form
white fumes with aqueous ammonia when The gas evolved is HCl. This may be due to the presence
a glass rod dipped in aqueous ammonia is of Cl-.
shown over the mouth of the test tube.
NaCl + H2SO4 àNaHSO4 + HCl
HCl + NH3à NH4Cl
e 1 g of salt in a porcelain dish or boiling tube. Mix about 3 g of solid sodium carbonate and add 15 mL of distilled
10 minutes. Cool, filter and collect the filtrate in a test tube and label it as sodium carbonate extract.
6 Conc H2SO4Test:To a small quantity of salt in a Colourless gas with smellof vinegar,turns
test tube, add 1-2 ml of conc. sulpuric acid. blue litmus red.
CH3COONa + H2SO4 NaHSO4 + CH3COOH
1) Sulphate: Boil a small amount of salt with dil.
HCl in a test tube. Filter the contents, and to the A yellow precipitate is formed.
filtrate add few drops of BaCl2 solution.
Preparation of sodium carbonate extract :Take 1 g of salt in a porcelain dish or boiling tube. Mix about 3 g of s
distilled water to it. Stir and boil the content for about 10 minutes. Cool, filter and collect the filtrate in a test tu
extract.
9
Test for Cl- Br - and I-
1. AgNO3 test: Acidify a portion of aqueous
solution with dil. HNO3 and then add AgNO3 No characteristic precipitate is formed
solution.
Confirmation of Acetate, CH3COO-
1.Oxalic acid test:Take a small quantity of the salt in a Smells like that of vinegar.
watch glass. Mix it with solid oxalic acid. Prepare a
paste of it with a few drops of water. Rub the paste 2CH3COONa+(COOH)2à (COO)2 Na2
and smell it. +2CH3COOH
Ester test:Take a small quantity of the salt in a test-
tube. Add conc. H2SO4 (2 ml) and heat. Now ethyl Pleasant fruity smell of ester.
alcohol (1 ml). Shake. Pour the contents of the tube in
a beaker full of water. Stir. 2CH3COONa+H2SO4à Na2SO4+2CH3COOH
CH3COOH+C2H5OHàCH3COOC2H5+ H2O
May be CH3COO-
Presence of Pb2+
Absence of CO32-
Absence of of S2-
Absence of NO2-
Absence of NO3-
CH3COOH
H5+ H2O
) (OH)2 Fe +2CH3COOH
Absence of C2O42-
Absence of SO42-
Absence of PO43-
SIC RADICALS
Absence of Group Zero (NH4+).
5 DilH2SO4 Test:Take a small quantity of CO32-, SO32-, S2-, NO2- etc may be
the salt in a test tube and add 1-2 ml No characteristic gas is absent.
of dilute sulphuric acid. evolved.
Preparation of sodium carbonate extract :Take 1 g of salt in a porcelain dish or boiling tube. Mix about 3 g
of solid sodium carbonate and add 15 mL of distilled water to it. Stir and boil the content for about 10
minutes. Cool, filter and collect the filtrate in a test tube and label it as sodium carbonate extract.
7 Test for Carbonate, CO32-
Dil. HCl test:To a portion of the salt No Brisk effervescence and Absence of CO32-
solution, add dil HCl. Pass the gas evolution of colourless
evolved through lime water. odourless gases.
Conc H2SO4Test:To a small quantity of salt in a Colourless gas with pungent smell, form
test tube, add 1-2 ml of conc. sulpuric acid. white fumes with aqueous ammonia when
a glass rod dipped in aqueous ammonia is
2 NaCl + H2SO4 àNaHSO4 + HCl
HCl + NH3à NH4Cl
3 Preparation of sodium carbonate extract :Take 1 g of salt in a porcelain dish or boiling tube. Mix about 3 g of s
distilled
Test forwater to it. StirCO
Carbonate, and
3
2- boil the content for about 10 minutes. Cool, filter and collect the filtrate in a test tu
Dil. HCl test:To a portion of the salt solution, add No Brisk effervescence and evolution of
dil HCl. Pass the gas evolved through lime water. colourless odourless gases.
Ferric chloride test:Take the salt solution. Add No Reddish coloured filtrate.
neutral ferric chloride solution.
7
Test for Phosphate, PO43-
Absence of of S2-
Absence of NO2-
Absence o NO3-
This confirms the presence of Cl-
Absence of CH3COO-
Absence of C2O42-
Absence of SO42-
Absence of PO43-
SIC RADICALS
Absence of Group Zero (NH4+).
6 Conc H2SO4Test:To a small quantity of salt in a Reddish brown gas with pungent smell,
test tube, add 1-2 ml of conc. sulpuric acid. turns ferrous sulphate solution black.
Preparation of sodium carbonate extract :Take 1 g of salt in a porcelain dish or boiling tube. Mix about 3 g of s
7 distilled
Test forwater to it. StirCO
Carbonate, and
3
2- boil the content for about 10 minutes. Cool, filter and collect the filtrate in a test tu
2.Copper chip test: Heat a small quantity of the Dark brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide are
original salt with concentrated sulphuric acid and evolved
a few copper chips.
2NaNO3 + 4H2SO4 + 3Cu à3 CuSO4 + Na2SO4
2NO + O2 à2NO2
3.Brown Ring test: Add a small quantity of freshly A dark brown ring is formed at the junction
prepared solution of ferrous sulphate to a part of of the layers of the acid and the solution.
the aqueous solution and then pour
concentrated sulphuric acid slowly
3.Brown Ring test: Add a small quantity of freshly
prepared solution of ferrous sulphate to a part of
the aqueous solution and then pour
concentrated sulphuric acid slowly NaNO3 + H2SO4à Na HSO4 + HNO3
6 FeSO4 + 3H2SO4 + 2HNO3à 3Fe2 (SO4)3 +
4H2O + 2NO
Confirmation of Sr2+
1. Amm.sulphate test:Take second part of the No whiteprecipitate is formed.
solutionand addammonium sulphate (NH4)2 SO4
solution.
Confirmation of Ca2+
Amm.oxalate test:take the third part of the No whiteprecipitate is obtained.
solution add Ammonium oxalate solution.
Absence of CO32-
Absence of of S2-
Absence of NO2-
Absence of CH3COO-
Absence of C2O42-
Absence of SO42-
Absence of PO43-
SIC RADICALS
+ 2CH3COOK
Preparation of sodium carbonate extract :Take 1 g of salt in a porcelain dish or boiling tube. Mix about 3 g of s
distilled water to it. Stir and boil the content for about 10 minutes. Cool, filter and collect the filtrate in a test tu
RESULT
The given salt contains:
Acidic radical: SO42-
Basic radical: Al3+
Salt: Al2(SO4)3
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO.1 MADURAI
IDENTIFICATION OF ACID RADICALS
Observation Inference
White May be Cu2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Fe3+ and Co2+ etc are absent.
Green flashes
ake 1 g of salt in a porcelain dish or boiling tube. Mix about 3 g of solid sodium carbonate and add 15 mL of
for about 10 minutes. Cool, filter and collect the filtrate in a test tube and label it as sodium carbonate extract.
Absence of of S2-
No Purple or violet colouration is obtained.
Absence of CH3COO-
No Reddish coloured filtrate.
Absence of C2O42-
No White precipitate is formed.
Absence of PO43-
No yellow precipitate is formed.