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03 - Ammonium Chloride - Salt Analysis

The document describes experiments to analyze an unknown salt. Tests determined the salt contained ammonium (NH4+) as the basic radical and chloride (Cl-) as the acidic radical. When heated, the salt released an ammonia smelling gas. Silver nitrate and other tests confirmed the presence of chloride. The salt was identified as ammonium chloride (NH4Cl).

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
54 views4 pages

03 - Ammonium Chloride - Salt Analysis

The document describes experiments to analyze an unknown salt. Tests determined the salt contained ammonium (NH4+) as the basic radical and chloride (Cl-) as the acidic radical. When heated, the salt released an ammonia smelling gas. Silver nitrate and other tests confirmed the presence of chloride. The salt was identified as ammonium chloride (NH4Cl).

Uploaded by

tirth patel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Experiment 03

Aim: To analyze the given salt for acidic and basic radicals.

[A] Preliminary Test

01. Physical examination of the salt

Experiment Observation Inference


Colour White Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Ni2+, Mn2+,Co2+ may be absent
Smell Ammoniacal smell NH4+ may be present

02. Dry heating test

Heated a pinch of the salt in a dry test tube and noted the following observations:

Experiment Observation Inference


A colourless gas having pungent smell
evolved. The gas gave white fumes when
Gas evolved NH4+ may be present
a glass rod dipped in aqueous HCl brought
near the mouth of test tube
Sublimation White sublimate formed NH4+ may be present
Lead nitrate, Barium nitrate,
Sodium chloride, Potassium
Decrepitation No crackling sound observed
chloride and Potassium iodide
may be absent
Swelling No swelling observed PO43― may be absent

03. Charcoal cavity test

Experiment Observation Inference


Mixed a pinch of the salt with
double the quantity of
Zn2+, Pb2+, Mn2+ may be
Na2CO3 and heated the No white residue formed
absent
mixture on a charcoal cavity
in the reducing flame

04. Cobalt nitrate test

Experiment Observation Inference


To the above white residue
added a drop of cobalt Zn2+, Mg2+, Al3+, PO43― may
No characteristics colour
nitrate solution and heated be absent
in oxidizing flame

Page 1 of 4
05. Flame test

Experiment Observation Inference


Prepared a paste of the salt No specific colour imparted Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Cu2+ may be
in conc. HCl and performed to the flame absent
flame test

06. Borax Bead test

Experiment Observation Inference


Did not perform this test
Cu2+, Ni2+, Fe3+, Mn2+ may be
since the given salt was -------
absent
white

Identification of Acid radicals (Anions)

07. Dilute Sulphuric acid test

Experiment Observation Inference


Take a small quantity of the
salt in a test tube and add CO32―, S2―, NO2―, SO32― may
No gas evolved
1―2 ml of dilute Sulphuric be absent
acid.

08. Potassium Permanganate test

Experiment Observation Inference


To a pinch of the salt added Potassium permanganate Cl―may be present
dil. H2SO4 warm and then a decolorized
drop of KMnO4 solution

09. Conc. Sulphuric acid test

Experiment Observation Inference


Heated a pinch of the salt Colourless gas with pungent
Cl―may be present
with conc. Sulphuric acid smell

Page 2 of 4
[B] Wet Test for acid radical

Conformations of Chloride (Cl—)

Experiment Observation
Silver nitrate test
Acidify a portion of aqueous
A white ppt is formed
solution with dil. HNO3. Boil, cool
and add Silver nitrate solution
Manganese dioxide test
Evolution of greenish -
Heat a small quantity of the salt yellow gas having pungent
with solid manganese dioxide and smell
conc. H2SO4
Chromyl chloride test

Mix a small quantity of salt with a


Yellow ppts. formed
small amount of powdered
potassium dichromate. Take the
mixture and add conc. H2SO4

[C] Wet Test for basic radical

Experiment Observation Inference


Heated a pinch of salt with
Ammonia gas evolved NH4+ present
conc. NaOH solution
O.S. + dil. HCl No ppt formed Group 1 absent
O.S. + dil. HCl + H2S No ppt formed Group 2 absent
O.S. + Solid NH4Cl + Excess
No ppt formed Group 3 absent
NH4OH
O.S. + Solid NH4Cl + Excess
No ppt formed Group 4 absent
NH4OH + H2S
O.S. + (NH4)2CO3 solution No ppt formed Group 5 absent

Conformations of Ammonium (NH4+)

Experiment Observation
Smell
Ammoniacal smell

Brown ppts. formed


O.S. + Nesseler reagent
NH3 formed

Page 3 of 4
Chemical Equations

Identification of Acid radicals (Anions)

08. Potassium Permanganate test

2NH4Cl + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4 + 2HCl


2HCl + [O] H2O + Cl2

09. Conc. Sulphuric acid test

2NH4Cl + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4 + 2HCl


2HCl + H2SO4 SO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O

Conformations of Chloride (Cl—)

Silver nitrate test

NH4Cl + AgNO3 NH4NO3 + AgCl

Manganese dioxide test

2NH4Cl + MnO2 + 3H2SO4 2NH4HSO4 + MnSO4 + 2H2O + Cl2

Chromyl chloride test

4NH4Cl + K2Cr2O7 + 6H2SO4 4(NH4)HSO4 + 2KHSO4 + 2CrO2Cl2 + 3H2O

CrO2Cl2 + 4NH4OH (NH4)2CrO4 + 2H2O + 2NH4Cl

(NH4)2CrO4 + (CH3COO)2Pb PbCrO4 + 2CH3COONH4

Conformations of Ammonium (NH4+)



NH4Cl + NaOH NaCl + H2O + NH3

Nessler’s reagent

2K2[HgI4] + NH3 + 3KOH H2N.HgO.HgI + 7KI + 2H2O

Results

Basic radical Acidic radical Molecular Formula Name of salt


NH4+ Cl― NH4Cl Ammonium chloride

Page 4 of 4

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