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    NUCLEUS

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    mithikashiju4
    The document discusses the nucleus and some of its key components and functions. It describes how the nucleus contains chromosomes with DNA and controls the cell's metabolic activities. It also discusses the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, describing their structures and roles in transporting and packaging proteins and other materials within the cell.

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    NUCLEUS

    Uploaded by

    mithikashiju4
    5 views15 pages
    The document discusses the nucleus and some of its key components and functions. It describes how the nucleus contains chromosomes with DNA and controls the cell's metabolic activities. It also discusses the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, describing their structures and roles in transporting and packaging proteins and other materials within the cell.

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    The document discusses the nucleus and some of its key components and functions. It describes how the nucleus contains chromosomes with DNA and controls the cell's metabolic activities. It also discusses the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, describing their structures and roles in transporting and packaging proteins and other materials within the cell.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views15 pages

    NUCLEUS

    Uploaded by

    mithikashiju4
    The document discusses the nucleus and some of its key components and functions. It describes how the nucleus contains chromosomes with DNA and controls the cell's metabolic activities. It also discusses the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, describing their structures and roles in transporting and packaging proteins and other materials within the cell.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    NUCLEUS

    ➢It is popularly called as the brain of cell.

    ➢It is composed of a double layered covering called head


    nuclear membrane.

    ➢It has numerous pores called nuclear pores. They


    transfer the materials from inside the nucleus to
    cytoplasm.

    ➢The nucleus contains chromosomes. It encloses a liquid


    ground substance called nucleoplasm. It contains
    nucleolus and chromatin material.
    .
    ➢Nucleolus is a more or less
    round
    . structure. found inside
    the nucleus.
    ➢Chromatin is an entangled
    network of long, thread-like
    structure. It condenses to form
    chromosomes during cell
    division
    Chromosomes contain information for
    the .inheritance of features from parents
    to next generation in the form of DNA.
    The functional segments of DNA are
    called genes.
    Functions of Nucleus
    .
    i) Nucleus plays an important role in
    cellular reproduction. In this process, a
    cell divides to form two new cells.
    ii) It determines the cell development and
    maturity by directing the chemical
    activities of the cell.
    iii)It controls all metabolic activities of cell.
    If it is removed, the protoplasm dries up
    .

    CELL ORGANELLES
    ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM(ER)
    It is a. large network of membrane-bound tubes and
    sheets.
    It extends from outer nuclear membrane into the
    cytoplasm.
    It looks like long tubules round and oblong bags
    (vesicles).
    The ER membrane is similar in structure to the plasma
    membrane.
    It occurs in three forms, i.e. cisternae, vesicles and
    tubules.
    .
    .
    i) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) :
    It. contains ribosomal particles on its
    surfaces due to which its surface is
    rough. The ribosomes are the site of
    protein synthesis. RER is mainly
    formed of cisternae.
    ii) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER):
    It’s surface is smooth due to the
    absence of ribosomes. It helps in
    manufacture of fat molecules or lipids.
    It is formed of vesicles and tubules.
    Functions of Endoplasmic
    .
    Reticulum
    i) Ribosomes present in all active cells act as sites for
    protein synthesis. Proteins manufactured here are
    .
    transported throughout the cell by endoplasmic
    reticulum.
    ii) Fat and lipid molecules manufactured by SER helps in
    building cell membrane and other cell components.
    This process is called membrane biogenesis.
    iii)SER plays a crucial role in detoxification of poisons
    and drugs in liver cells or vertebrates (group of
    animals).
    iv) It gives mechanical support to the cells.
    GOLGI APPARATUS
    It consists of a system of membrane bound, fluid filled
    vesicles, large spherical vacuoles and smooth, flattened
    cisternae.

    These are stacked parallel to each other. Each of these


    stacks is called a cistern.
    The Golgi apparatus arises from the membrane of
    smooth ER. Therefore, it constitutes another portion of
    a complex cellular membrane system.
    The material that is synthesized near Endoplasmic
    Reticulum (ER) is packaged and dispatched to various
    parts of the cell through Golgi apparatus
    .
    .

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