SEMINAR PRESENTATION

ON

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF 5G NETWORK

BY

NAME: REG NO:

BASHAR BELLO 2202141054

SUPERVISED BY

A SEMINAR SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY, SCHOOL OF
ENGINEERING

ABDU GUSAU POLYTECHNIC, TALATA MAFARA ZAMFARA

STATEIN FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE
AWARD OF HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

MAY, 2024

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 ACKNOWLEGMENT

I acknowledge my HOD of great Electrical Electronic Technology department Engr. Bilya, and
the other lecturers that contribute immensely on this research may Almighty Allah (SWT) guide
all them (Ameen).

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 ABSTRACT

This report provides an overview of the 5G landscape, including its history, technology, and
applications. 5G is the fifth generation of wireless network technology, providing high-speed
data, low latency, and massive connectivity. The report explores the key features and benefits of
5G, including enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine-type communications, and ultra-
reliable low-latency communications. It also discusses the challenges and limitations of 5G, such
as infrastructure costs, spectrum availability, and security concerns. Additionally, the report
examines the potential impact of 5G on various industries and society as a whole, including
healthcare, education, transportation, and smart cities. Finally, the report provides a glossary of
key terms and references for further reading.

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 DEDICATION

I thank god for his buttresses and godparent in my life and having carried me to this extreme. I
also appreciate my parents MR and MRS. for their direction, shelter and sustenance. To my
friends, for their praise, vitality, and curiosity that remind me to remain advanced

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 LIST OF ABBREVIATION

IoT – Internet of Things

AI – Artificial intelligence

RAN – Radio Access Network

NFV – Network Functions Virtualization

SDN – Software-Defined Networking

NG-RAN – Next-Generation Radio Access Network interface

NG-CN – Next-Generation Core Network interface

PDU – Packet Data Unit

EMBB – Enhanced Mobile Broadband

MMTC – Massive Machine-Type Communications

MU-MIMO – Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output

URLLC – Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication

QoS – Quality of Service

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

DEDICATION
CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………… 7

CHAPTER TWO

5G NETWORK ARCHITECTURE ……………………………….……………………..9

5G NEW RADIO (5G NR)……………………………………………………………….10

5G PERFORMANCE AND OPTIMIZATION ………………..………………………..11

5G APPLICATIONS AND USE CASES …………….…………………………………13

CHAPTER THREE

CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………….18

REFERENCE……………………………………………………………………… ……19

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 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The evolution of wireless communication has transformed the way we live, work and interact
with each other. From the first generation (1G) of analog voice-only systems to the fourth
generation (4G) of high-speed data networks, wireless communication has come a long way. The
latest fifth generation (5G) of wireless communication promises to revolutionize the industry
with its unprecedented speeds, low latency, and massive connectivity.

The journey from 1G to 5G has been marked by significant milestones. 1G introduced analog
voice-only systems, while 2G brought digital voice and text messaging. 3G enabled mobile
internet and data services, and 4G provided high-speed data and video streaming. Each
generation has built upon the previous one, offering faster speeds, greater capacity, and new
services.

5G is not just an incremental upgrade from its predecessors; it represents a fundamental shift in
how we design, deploy, and use wireless networks. With its software-defined architecture, 5G
enables a wide range of new services and applications, from enhanced mobile broadband to
massive machine-type communications and ultra-reliable low-latency communication.

The importance of 5G and future wireless communication cannot be overstated. As we move

towards a more connected and automated world, wireless communication will play a critical role
in enabling new technologies like:

 Artificial intelligence (AI)

 Internet of Things (IoT)

 Smart cities and industries

 Autonomous vehicles

 Remote healthcare and telemedicine

 Immersive technologies like augmented and virtual reality

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In addition, 5G and future wireless communication will have a profound impact on various
industries, including:

 Healthcare: remote monitoring and telemedicine

 Education: virtual and augmented reality learning

 Transportation: autonomous vehicles and smart traffic management

 Energy: smart grids and energy management

 Manufacturing: industrial automation and IoT

The potential applications and implications of 5G and future wireless communication are vast
and far-reaching. In this seminar, we will explore the key features, applications, and implications
of these technologies, and examine the challenges and opportunities they present.

Thesis statement: 5G and future wireless communication technologies will revolutionize the way
we connect, communicate, and interact with the world around us.

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 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 5G Network Architecture

5G network architecture is designed to provide a flexible, scalable, and software-driven

infrastructure for the next generation of wireless communication. The key components of 5G
network architecture include:

1. Radio Access Network (RAN): The RAN is responsible for transmitting and receiving
radio signals between devices and the network. 5G RAN introduces new technologies
like massive MIMO, beam forming, and millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum.

2. Network Functions Virtualization (NFV): NFV enables the virtualization of network

functions, such as firewalls and routers, to reduce hardware costs and increase scalability.

3. Software-Defined Networking (SDN): SDN allows for the centralization of network

control and management, enabling real-time optimization and automation.

4. Network Slicing: Network slicing enables multiple independent networks to run on top of
a shared physical infrastructure each, with its own performance and security
characteristics.

5. Edge Computing: Edge computing enables data processing and analysis at the edge of the
network, reducing latency and improving performance.

6. Core Network: The core network provides the central intelligence and control for the 5G
network, managing functions like authentication, authorization, and billing.

The 5G network architecture also introduces new interfaces and protocols, such as:

 NG-RAN: The Next-Generation Radio Access Network interface

 NG-CN: The Next-Generation Core Network interface

 PDU Session: The Packet Data Unit Session protocol

 These new components, interfaces, and protocols enable 5G to provide a wide range of
new services and applications, such as:

 Enhanced Mobile Broadband (EMBB): High-speed data services for mobile devices

 Massive Machine-Type Communications (MMTC): Low-power wide-area networks for

IoT devices

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  Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC): Mission-critical communication
services for applications like autonomous vehicles

2.1 5G New Radio (5G NR)

5G New Radio (5G NR) is the new radio access technology for 5G networks, designed to
provide faster data speeds, lower latency, and greater connectivity than its predecessors. 5G NR
introduces several new features and technologies, including:

 Millimeter Wave (mmWave) Spectrum: 5G NR operates on both sub-6 GHz and

mmWave spectrum, enabling high-speed data services and low-latency communications.
mmWave spectrum offers a much higher bandwidth than sub-6 GHz spectrum, allowing
for faster data speeds and lower latency.

 Massive MIMO: 5G NR uses massive MIMO technology to improve spectral efficiency

and increase capacity, enabling more devices to be connected to the network. Massive
MIMO uses large numbers of antennas to serve multiple devices simultaneously,
improving performance and reducing interference.

 Beam forming: 5G NR uses beam forming to focus radio signals on specific devices,
improving performance and reducing interference. Beamforming uses advanced
algorithms to adjust the phase and amplitude of radio signals, creating a highly
directional beam that improves signal quality and reduces interference.

 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA): 5G NR uses OFDMA to

multiplex multiple devices on the same frequency band, improving spectral efficiency
and reducing interference. OFDMA assigns different frequencies to different devices,
enabling multiple devices to transmit data simultaneously without interference.

 Scalable OFDM Numerology: 5G NR introduces a new scalable OFDM numerology,

enabling the network to adapt to different device capabilities and traffic conditions.
Scalable OFDM numerology allows the network to adjust the subcarrier spacing and
symbol duration to optimize performance and efficiency.

 Polar Coding: 5G NR uses polar coding for error correction, providing improved
performance and reliability in noisy channels. Polar coding is a advanced error correction
technique that uses a combination of coding and modulation to improve performance and
reduce errors.

 Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output (MU-MIMO): 5G NR enables MU-MIMO,

allowing the network to serve multiple devices with a single transmission, improving
spectral efficiency and reducing latency. MU-MIMO uses advanced algorithms to

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 multiplex multiple devices on the same frequency band, improving performance and
reducing interference.

 Network-Assisted Channel Access: 5G NR introduces network-assisted channel access,

enabling devices to access the network more efficiently and reducing latency. Network-
assisted channel access uses advanced algorithms to optimize channel access and reduce
collisions, improving performance and reducing latency.

These new technologies and features enable 5G NR to provide a wide range of benefits,
including:

 Faster data speeds: up to 20 Gbps

 Lower latency: as low as 1 ms

 Greater connectivity: up to 1 million devices per square kilometer

 Improved reliability and performance

 Enhanced security and privacy

 Support for new use cases like massive machine-type communications, ultra-reliable low-
latency communications, and immersive technologies

2.2 5G Performance and Optimization

5G networks offer significantly improved performance and capabilities compared to previous

generations of wireless networks. However, to fully realize the benefits of 5G, networks must be
optimized and managed to ensure optimal performance. Key performance and optimization
aspects of 5G networks include:

 Throughput and Capacity: 5G networks offer much higher throughput and capacity than
previous generations, enabling more devices to be connected and more data to be
transmitted. Throughput can reach up to 20 Gbps, and capacity can support up to 1
million devices per square kilometer.

 Latency and Reliability: 5G networks offer much lower latency and higher reliability than
previous generations, enabling real-time communication and mission-critical
applications. Latency can be as low as 1 ms, and reliability can reach up to 99.999%.

 Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE): 5G networks enable

advanced QoS and QoE management, ensuring that applications and services receive the
necessary resources and priority. QoS and QoE can be guaranteed through advanced
techniques like network slicing and orchestration.
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  Network Slicing and Orchestration: 5G networks enable network slicing, which allows
multiple independent networks to run on top of a shared physical infrastructure, each with
its own performance and security characteristics. Network orchestration enables the
management and automation of network slices.

 Edge Computing and Caching: 5G networks enable edge computing and caching, which
reduce latency and improve performance by processing and storing data closer to the
user. Edge computing can reduce latency by up to 90%, and caching can reduce data
transmission by up to 80%.

 Radio Access Network (RAN) Optimization: 5G RAN optimization includes advanced

techniques like beam forming, massive MIMO, and millimeter wave spectrum, which
improve spectral efficiency and reduce interference. Beam forming can improve spectral
efficiency by up to 50%, and massive MIMO can increase capacity by up to 20 times.

 Core Network (CN) Optimization: 5G CN optimization includes advanced techniques

like network functions virtualization (NFV), software-defined networking (SDN), and
orchestration, which improve performance, scalability, and manageability. NFV can
reduce capital expenditures by up to 50%, and SDN can improve network provisioning
time by up to 90%.

 Security and Privacy: 5G networks introduce advanced security and privacy features like
encryption, authentication, and access control, which protect user data and prevent
unauthorized access. Encryption can protect data in transit and at rest, and authentication
can ensure that only authorized devices and users have access to the network.

By optimizing and managing these aspects, 5G networks can provide a wide range of benefits,
including:

 Faster data speeds and lower latency

 Increased capacity and connectivity

 Improved reliability and security

 Enhanced QoS and QoE

 Support for new use cases like massive machine-type communications, ultra-reliable low-
latency communications, and immersive technologies

 Improved network management and automation

 Increased scalability and flexibility

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  Better security and privacy

2.3 5G Applications and Use Cases

5G networks offer a wide range of new and innovative applications and use cases, enabled by
their high speed, low latency, and massive connectivity capabilities. Some of the key
applications and use cases include:

1. Enhanced Mobile Broadband (EMBB):

High-speed data services for mobile devices

Supporting applications like:

 Streaming (4K/8K video, online gaming)

 Online gaming (cloud gaming, multiplayer)

 Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR)

Use cases:

 Mobile hotspots

 High-speed internet access

 Online education and remote learning

2. Massive Machine-Type Communications (MMTC):

 Low-power wide-area networks for IoT devices

 Supporting applications like:

 Smart cities (smart energy management, smart transportation)

 Industrial automation (predictive maintenance, quality control)

 Smart homes (smart energy management, smart security)

Use cases:

 Smart metering

 Industrial sensor networks

 Smart home automation

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 3. Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC):

 Mission-critical communication services

 Supporting applications like:

 Autonomous vehicles (vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-infrastructure)

 Smart grids (real-time monitoring, control)

 Remote healthcare (telemedicine, remote monitoring)

Use cases:

 Autonomous vehicles

 Smart grid management

 Remote healthcare services

4. Immersive Technologies:

 Supporting applications like:

 Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR)

 Online gaming (cloud gaming, multiplayer)

 Remote education and remote learning

Use cases:

 Virtual events

 Remote training and education

 Immersive gaming

5. Industrial Automation:

 Supporting applications like:

 Predictive maintenance

 Quality control

 Supply chain management

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Use cases:

 Smart manufacturing

 Industrial sensor networks

 Predictive maintenance

6. Smart Cities:

 Supporting applications like:

 Smart energy management

 Smart transportation

 Public safety

Use cases:

 Smart traffic management

 Smart energy grid management

 Public safety and emergency response

7. Remote Healthcare:

 Supporting applications like:

 Telemedicine

 Remote monitoring

 Emergency response

Use cases:

 Remote health monitoring

 Telemedicine services

 Emergency response systems

8. Autonomous Vehicles:

Supporting applications like:

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  Vehicle-to-vehicle communication

 Vehicle-to-infrastructure communication

 Autonomous driving

Use cases:

 Autonomous vehicles

 Smart transportation systems

 Vehicle-to-everything communication

9. Smart Homes:

Supporting applications like:

 Smart energy management

 Smart security

 Smart entertainment

Use cases:

 Smart home automation

 Smart energy management

 Smart security systems

10. Edge Computing:

Supporting applications like:

 Real-time data processing

 Analytics

 AI-powered applications

Use cases:

 Real-time data processing

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  Edge analytics

 AI-powered applications

These applications and use cases require 5G networks to provide high speed, low latency, and
massive connectivity, enabling new and innovative services and revenue streams for operators
and enterprises.

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 CHAPTER THREE

3.0 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, 5G is a revolutionary technology that promises to transform the way we live,

work, and interact with each other. With its high speed, low latency, and massive connectivity
capabilities, 5G enables a wide range of new and innovative applications and services, from
enhanced mobile broadband and massive machine-type communications to ultra-reliable low-
latency communications and immersive technologies.

The benefits of 5G are numerous, including:

 Faster data speeds and lower latency

 Increased capacity and connectivity

 Improved reliability and security

 Enhanced quality of service and quality of experience

 Support for new use cases like autonomous vehicles, smart cities, and remote healthcare

However, the deployment and adoption of 5G also come with challenges, such as:

 High infrastructure costs

 Spectrum availability and allocation

 Security and privacy concerns

 Interoperability and standardization issues

Despite these challenges, 5G has the potential to drive significant economic growth, improve
quality of life, and enable new and innovative services and applications. As the technology
continues to evolve and mature, we can expect to see even more exciting developments and
innovations in the years to come.

In this report, we have provided an overview of the 5G landscape, including its history,
technology, and applications. We have also discussed the benefits and challenges of 5G, as well
as its potential impact on various industries and society as a whole. We hope that this report has
provided a comprehensive and informative introduction to the world of 5G.

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3.1 REFERENCES

1. International Telecommunication Union (ITU). (2015). IMT-2020: 5G Vision and

Requirements.

2. 3GPP. (2018). 5G New Radio (NR) Rel-15.

3. Ericsson. (2020). 5G Technology for a Sustainable Future.

4. Qualcomm. (2020). 5G and the Future of Connectivity.

5. GSMA. (2020). 5G: A Transformative Technology.

6. IEEE. (2019). 5G and Beyond: A Technology Roadmap.

7. 5G Americas. (2020). 5G Technology and Applications.

8. Huawei. (2020). 5G: Unleashing the Power of Connectivity.

9. Nokia. (2020). 5G: A New Era of Connectivity.

10. Cisco. (2020). 5G and the Future of Networking.

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