Concept of Shura in Islam

CONCEPT OF SHURA In ISLAM
Introduction:
The concept of Shura was introduced so that everybody could
have a say in their affairs and government could act according to wishes of
the people. Islam has given a method to hold consultation among the Muslims
for administrating their affairs of government. Islam is a religion which
preaches harmony and brotherhood. It protecting the interest of each and
every member of the society concept of shura was introduced so that shura is
an expression of public opinion and is an important institution with a legal
status, in which everybody could have a say in their affairs and government
could act according to people's wishes.
MEANING OF SHURA
Literal Meaning
Literally the word SHURA is an Arabic which means,
“To consult or to ask for advice."
Meaning in Islamic law
In Islamic law shura means "a collective body of wise and learned
men who are consulted regarding matters of the state.”
DEFINITION OF SHURA
Shura is a body of representatives of Muslim community who
assemble for consultation with each other to reach decision for running the
business of the government.
DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPT OF SHURA
In the time of Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) the concept of
Shura was developed when the society at large decided to acknowledge the
scarifies and contributions of few people. Who rendered great services to
Islam and the community be electing them as their Shura. The body of people
or Shura was elected perform the following functions.
i) Judicial functions.
ii) Legislative functions
iii) Executive functions
IMPORTANCE OF SHURA IN THE LIGHT OF HOLY QURAN
The Holy Quran says
“The conduct their affairs with mutual consultation.”
“And consult with them upon the conduct of affairs."
"And consult them in affairs and when you have taken a decision,
put your trust in Allah Almighty”
IMPORTAHCE OF SHURA IN LIGHT OF SUNNAH

The Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) says,
"The man who gives a counsel to his brother knowing full well
that it is not right does most surely betray his trust."
Hazrat Ayesha says
"I have not seen a person consulting the people more than the
Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)"
QUALIFICATIONS FOR THE MEMBER OF SHURA:
The following are the Qualifications for the members of Shura in Islamic state,
• Followers of the Islam and Prophet.

• Persons who enjoy the confidence of the masses.
• Persons whose sincerity and loyalty is established amongst the people.
• Persons whose decisions would be true representation of the will of
the people.
• Whose character is distinguished in the state.
• Wise and trustworthy people.
TYPES OF SHURAS
During the time of the rightly-guided caliphs, shura was also in

vogue, and Hazrat Umer, the second caliph had two shuras. namely.
I. Shura Khas
It consisted of selected people, i.e. eminent companions: This is the

more qualified branch of shura, which consists of learned experts and Jurists
etc. who represent the masses.
II. Shura Amm
It consists of common people i.e. Ummah. Therefore Shura-i-Aam is

that body of persons who are common are general representatives of the
people.
EXAMPLES OF FUNCTIONS OF SHURA.
Let us look at a few examples from the time e of Holy Prophet

Shura-i-Uhad
In the History of Islam, the Uhad was a very important battle.

When war plan was decided this bate, the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
was of the view that the war should be fought while staying inside the city of
Medina but the majority of the people wanted to be fought.in the battle
agreed the Holy Prophet suggestion thus honoring the majority opinion.
Shura-i-Badar
Badar was a war between Muslims and infidels The Holy Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH) decided war plan for this battle after consulting the
companions, when they all agreed to meet the enemy at Badar.
Election of Hazrat Umar as Caliph
After the demise of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) the first
Caliph of Islam was Hazard Abu Bakr. He while deciding the name of his
successor thought of Hazrat Umar being the most suitable. When the proposed
his name to the members of the Shura they agreed on it, therefore Hazrat
Umar becomes the Second caliph after the demise of Hazrat Abu Bakr.
shura-e-Hudabia
It is the first international treaty signed by Muslims.
Appointment of Maaz-bin-Jabal
Appointment of Maaz-bin-Jabal as a Governor of Yaman was the

decision of Shura. It is considered as the origin of ijtihad.
CHARACTERISTICS/SALIENT FEATURES OF SHURA
➢ Subjection to Allah
Shura is subjected to the will of Allah, therefore shura is an assembly

of peoples running the affairs of government The members of shura and their
decisions are subject to the will of Allah and they are known that they are
directly answerable to God.
➢ Requirement of Shariah
The concept of a shura has been laid down in Islamic law. Because
Islam which wants such a system of government to be established where all
peoples the whole community is in agreement regarding the decisions of the
Government.
➢ Freedom of Expression
In islam each and every member or representative has right to freely

express his opinion and to consult others There are no restriction or limits to
speech and thought of the members or representatives.
➢ Binding force of decisions
The Holy Quran says, "once you determine, then trust in Allah."
The decisions reached by the members of shura collectively would be binding

and enforceable.
➢ Majority Rules
The feature of shura is that the decision taken by the majority

peoples would be prevalent enforced. Thus, minority would have to fire into
decision of majority.
➢ Eligibility for consultation
Only these peoples who be consulted on matters question who are

eligible to reach decision and issue a verdict on it. Peoples who are not well
informed on matters should not be consulted.
➢ Eligible qualifications
Every people are not eligible to become member of the shura, only
those peoples are eligible who fit the requisite qualification.
➢ State religion
The shura accordance with Holy Quran and Sunnah it is necessary

that established state religion should be Islam because shura cannot function
in a secular system of Government.
➢ Sovereignty
For shura system to function following two conditions
I. Islam should be the state religion.

II. Sovereignty must lie with Allah Almighty.
III. Uniformity of law
Law is the same for every citizen of country even the ruler is subject to
the same laws as that of beggar.
CONCLUSION
Shura is an important institution in Islam and is subjected to the
will of Allah. It is also a permanent feature of Islamic system and is an extender
of religion. Concept of Parliament has been introduced by Islam to the world at
large. There is no state on the earth without Parliament but everyone has
adopted and designed to it according Its demands and needs American cabinet
of the President is copied of Shura-Khas of Islamic system. Similarly. Every ruler
or Head ne government always keep advisors which is also a true reflection
Shura-Khaas. As far as Shura-Aam is concerned.

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CONCEPT OF SHURA In ISLAM

Literally the word SHURA is an Arabic which means,

“To consult or to ask for advice."

Meaning in Islamic law

IMPORTANCE OF SHURA IN THE LIGHT OF HOLY QURAN

The Holy Quran says

“The conduct their affairs with mutual consultation.”

“And consult with them upon the conduct of affairs."

IMPORTAHCE OF SHURA IN LIGHT OF SUNNAH

Hazrat Ayesha says

• Followers of the Islam and Prophet.

During the time of the rightly-guided caliphs, shura was also in

It consisted of selected people, i.e. eminent companions: This is the

II. Shura Amm

It consists of common people i.e. Ummah. Therefore Shura-i-Aam is

EXAMPLES OF FUNCTIONS OF SHURA.

Let us look at a few examples from the time e of Holy Prophet

In the History of Islam, the Uhad was a very important battle.

Election of Hazrat Umar as Caliph

It is the first international treaty signed by Muslims.

Appointment of Maaz-bin-Jabal as a Governor of Yaman was the

Shura is subjected to the will of Allah, therefore shura is an assembly

In islam each and every member or representative has right to freely

➢ Binding force of decisions

The decisions reached by the members of shura collectively would be binding

The feature of shura is that the decision taken by the majority

Only these peoples who be consulted on matters question who are

The shura accordance with Holy Quran and Sunnah it is necessary

For shura system to function following two conditions

I. Islam should be the state religion.

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