Lec 12 Sesame

Sesame
• Sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.) is the oldest indigenous

oilseed crop, with longest history of cultivation in India.
• Sesame or gingelly is commonly known as til (Hindi, Punjabi,

Assamese, Bengali Marathi)
• The crop is grown in almost all parts of the country. More than
85% production of sesame comes from West Bengal, Madhya
Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra
Pradesh and Telangana.
Production and productivity
• India ranks first in world with 19.47 Lakh ha area and 8.66
Lakh tonnes production.
• The average yield of sesame (413 kg/ha) in India is low as
compared with other countries in the world (535 kg / ha).
• The main reasons for low productivity of sesame are its
rainfed cultivation in marginal and submarginal lands under
poor management and input starved conditions.
• A well managed crop of sesame can yield 1200 - 1500 kg/ha
under irrigated and 800 - 1000 kg/ha under rainfed conditions
Season and climate
• Sesame is grown in almost all the states in large or small areas.

It can be cultivated up to the latitude of 1600m (India 1200 m).
• Sesame plant needs fairly high temperature during its life

cycle.
• Normally the optimum temperature required during its life
cycle is between 25 - 35 degree C. If the temperature is more
than 40 degree C with hot winds the oil content reduces. If the
temperature goes beyond 45 degree C or less than 15 degree C
there is a severe reduction in yield.
• Season : Kharif in arid and semi-arid tropics and rabi/summer

in cooler areas
Treat the seed with Trichoderma@ 4g/kg. This can be done just before
sowing. SUCH SEEDS SHOULD NOT BE TREATED WITH
FUNGICIDES or treat the seed with Thiram 4 g or Carbendazim at 2 g/kg
of seeds before sowing.
Varieties
Nutrient management
• Apply FYM/compost as basal dressing and
incorporate into the soil along with last ploughing.
• Apply fertilizers as basal dose when there is enough
moisture in the soil.
• Nitrogen may be applied in split doses, 75 per cent as
basal and the balance as foliar spray at 3 per cent
concentration, 20-35 days after sowing .
• INM FYM 5 t/ha, 40 Kg N, 20 Kg P and Sulphur 50
kg per ha.
Water management
• Usually the crop is grown under rainfed conditions. When
facilities are available, the crop may be irrigated to field
capacity after thinning operation and thereafter at 15-20 days
interval.
• Two irrigations of 3 cm depth each in the vegetative phase (4-5
leaf stage or branching) and in reproductive phase (at
flowering or pod formation) are the best, registering maximum
yield and water use efficiency.
• In the case of single irrigation, it can be best given in the
reproductive phase.
Weed management
• Apply, PE application of Pendimethalin 3.3
l/ha followed by me hand weeding on 25th
DAS
• For irrigated sesame, apply PE alachlor @ 1.5
kg (or) Metolachlor @ 1.0 kg ha-1 followed by
one hand weeding on 25th DAS
Phyllody
 Phyllody is characterized by the partial or complete replace
ment of floral organs with true leaves.
 The disease manifests itself mostly during flowering stage,

when the floral parts are transformed into green leafy
structures, which grow profusely.
 The plant is stunted with reduced internodes and abnormal

branching.
 It is generally caused by phytoplasma

Management
• Remove all the reservoir and weed hosts.
• Avoid growing sesamum near cotton, groundnut
and grain legumes.
• Rogue out the infected plants periodically.
• Spray Monocrotophos or Dimethoate at 500ml/ha
to control the Vector
• Soil treatment with Thirnet 10G @ 10 kg/ha
or Phorate 10 G @ 11 kg/ha at the time of sowing
•
Harvesting
• Observe the crop, considering the average duration of the
crop.
• Twenty five per cent of the leaves from the bottom are
shed and the top leaves loose their colour and turn yellow
at maturity.
• The colour of the stem turns yellow.
• The colour of the capsules turn yellow upto the middle.
• Harvest before the bottom capsules turn brown.
• Examine the 10th capsule from the bottom by opening. If
the seeds attained the full color of the variety harvest may
be taken up.
• If harvest is delayed/ the capsules will dehisce resulting in
yield reduction.
Drying
• Pull out the plants from the bottom.
• Stack in the open, one over the other in a circle with the
stems pointing out and the top portion pointing inside.
• Cover the top with straw, so that humidity and temperature
increases.
• Cure like this for 3 days, shake the plants. About 75 per cent
of the seeds will fall off.
• Dry the plants for one more day and again shake the plants.
All the mature seeds will fall off.
• Winnow the seeds and dry in the sun for 3 days. Stir once
in 3 hours to give uniform drying.
• Collect the seeds and store in gunnies.

Lec 12 Sesame

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Sesame

• Sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.) is the oldest indigenous

• Sesame or gingelly is commonly known as til (Hindi, Punjabi,

• Sesame is grown in almost all the states in large or small areas.

• Sesame plant needs fairly high temperature during its life

• Season : Kharif in arid and semi-arid tropics and rabi/summer

 The disease manifests itself mostly during flowering stage,

 The plant is stunted with reduced internodes and abnormal

 It is generally caused by phytoplasma

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