UP MODULE 3 - 27.09.24.pptx
UP MODULE 3 - 27.09.24.pptx
UP MODULE 3 - 27.09.24.pptx
URBAN PLANNING
MODULE 3
Urban planning Terminology:
➢Definition of urban area
➢CBD
C
➢Nodes
➢Peri-urban areas
O
➢Conurbation
➢Sprawl
N
➢Ribbon development. T
Classification of Urban areas:
➢Town
E
➢City
➢Metropolis
N
➢Megalopolis and their interdependence. T
Census classification of towns in India S
URBAN PLANNING TERMINOLOGY
1. URBAN 1. RURAL
Human settlements are classified as
rural or urban depending on the
density of human-created structures
and resident people in a particular
area.
❖Urban areas can include towns and cities •Rural areas include villages and hamlets
❖Urban settlements are built up according •Rural areas may develop randomly on
to a process called urbanization. the basis of natural vegetation and fauna
❖ Urban areas have high population available in a region
density and large amounts of developed •have low population density and large
land. amounts of undeveloped land.
1. URBAN
For the Census of India 2011, the definition of Urban area is as follows;
1. All places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area, etc.
2. All other places which satisfied the following criteria:
i) A minimum population of 5,000;
ii) At least 75 per cent of the male main working population engaged in non-agricultural
pursuits; and
iii) A density of population of at least 400 persons per sq. km.
Urbanization is an index of
transformation from traditional
rural economies to modern
industrial one. It is progressive
concentration of population in an
urban unit
3. CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
•Central Business District (CBD) was firstly proposed by E. W. Burgess, an American urban
geographer, in 1923 in his famous mode of concentric circle regional structure of city.
•The CBD is the focal point of a city.
• It is the commercial, office, retail, and cultural centre of the city and usually is the center
point for transportation networks
SUBURB
▪ Suburbs are commonly defined as smaller residential communities lying immediately
outside a city
▪ Some suburbs have a degree of political autonomy, and most have lower population density
than inner city neighborhoods.
▪ Collectively, the suburbs are all of the continuous urbanization that extends beyond the
core municipality
FRINGE
▪ The urban fringe means those areas just beyond the built-up part of a city subjected to
intense development pressures.
▪ The Urban-Rural Fringe Area has also been defined as “the area of transition between well
recognized urban land use and the area devoted to agriculture”.
▪ The urban-rural fringe is also known as the outskirts or the urban hinterland, and can be
described as the "landscape interface between town and country“.
PERIPHERY
▪ The periphery is usually the lesser developed part of a town or region, that is usually
located at the edge of the cities/regions and far away from the developed, more
"sophisticated" city/regional center.
▪ The basic meaning of Periphery is the outer edge of an area, or can be defined as the lesser
important part of a group
5. NODES
•Nodes are central or connecting points in a
neighbourhood that have a mix of residential,
commercial and institutional buildings, such as
shopping areas, community centres, libraries and
medium to high density housing.
•Nodes can be a junction, places of a break in
transportation, a crossing or convergence of paths.
• small focus points
6. CONURBATION
•Conurbation A term coined by Patrick Geddes in 1915 to describe large-scale city regions
such as Greater London, New York/Boston, or the Ruhr
•A conurbation is a region comprising a number of cities, large towns, and other urban
areas that, through population growth and physical expansion, have merged to form one
continuous urban and industrially developed area
7. URBAN SPRAWL
•Urban sprawl is a phenomenon that refers to the uncontrolled and unplanned expansion of
cities into surrounding rural areas.
•Urban sprawl is basically another word for urbanization.
•It refers to the migration of a population from populated towns and cities to low density
residential development over more and more rural land.
• The end result is the spreading of a city and its suburbs over more and more rural areas.
Urban sprawl can be caused by a variety of different things. These causes will mainly
include:
Lower Land Rates
Improved Infrastructure
The Rise in Standard of Living
The Rise in Population Growth
Lower House Tax Rates
Lack of Urban Planning
8. RIBBON DEVELOPMENT
•Ribbon development refers to the
building of houses along the routes of
communications radiating from a
human settlement.
•The resulting linear settlements are
clearly visible on land use maps and
aerial photographs, giving cities and
the countryside a particular character
• Ribbon development leads to regular
traffic congestion, road accidents,
reduced carrying capacity of arterial
roads and uneconomic extension of
utilities and deterioration of urban
living conditions.
CLASSIFICATION OF URBAN AREAS
Census defines city as areas with population of 1 lakh or more (purely based on population),
below 1 lakh - town
TOWN
➢ A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages but smaller
than cities, though the criteria to distinguish them vary considerably between different
parts of the world.
CITY
➢ A city is a large human settlement.
➢ It can be defined as a permanent and densely settled place with administratively
defined
boundaries whose members work primarily on non-agricultural tasks.
➢ Cities generally have extensive systems for housing, transportation, sanitation,
utilities, land use, and communication.
METROPOLIS
Metropolis ; is a large city or conurbation which is a significant economic, political,
and cultural center for a country or region, and an important hub for regional or
international connections, commerce, and communications.
Three aspects: Metropolitan is a term used to describe a relatively large urban area,
both of the size of Area, Population, and the scale of Economic and Social activity.
Origin: Metropolitan or metropolis is derived from the Ancient Greek language, which
the word Meter means mother, and the word Polis means city.
Total population
➢ The magnitude of population becomes a major consideration in determining the aspects
of the definition of a metropolitan.
➢ However, some urban experts set different limits for the determination of the
minimum number of metropolitan area population.
➢ A big city belonging to a larger urban agglomeration, but which is not the core of
that agglomeration, is not generally considered a metropolis but a part of it.
➢ In terms of jobs and trade, it establishes a cycle of high population density, meaning
CLASS II
•Class II are towns with population 50 k to 100 k
CLASS III
•Class III are towns with population 20 k to 50 k
CLASS IV
•Class IV are towns with population 10 k to 20 k
CLASS V
•Class V are towns with population 5 k to 10 k
CLASS VI
•Class VI are towns with population less than 5 k
• As per Census‐2011, there are 7933 towns including 4041 Statutory towns and 3
892 Census towns.
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